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Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 4 - 18, 01.04.2011

Milad Fakhri Jean-Claude Romano Marie Abboud - Abi Saab

Abstract

Abstract Batroun coastal marine zone – North Lebanon – is subjected to the discharges of two terrestrial sources of contamination, the phosphate plant of Selaata and Al-Jaouz River. In the aim to study their impact on the horizontal variability of sea water characteristics at short spatio-temporal scale, the displacement of water masses was followed under different wind conditions through the movement of a free drifting drogue. The wind regime played an essential role in the displacement and spreading of various contaminants over a wide area. The impact of Selaata chemical plant was shown not to be limited to Batroun marine area but its impact may invade further neighbouring northern marine area of the Lebanese coast.

Keywords

Key words: Lebanon Drifting drogue Wind River Phosphate plant

References

  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhri, M., Sadek, E., and Matar, N. (2008) An estimate of the environmental status of Lebanese littoral waters using nutrients and chlorophyll-a as indicators. Leb. Sci. J. 9(1): 43-60
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhry, M., Kassab, MM.-T., and Matar, N. (2005) Les sels nutritifs et le phytoplankton sur la côte sud du Liban: évaluation d’indices écologiques. Leb. Sci. J. 6(2): 27-43
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Beker, B., Fakhri, and M., Romano, J.-C. (2004) Etude Comparative de la Dynamiques sSaisonnière des Populations Microplanctoniques Dans les Eaux Côtières Libanaises (Batroun) et Française (Marseille). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 37: 259.
  • Abboud-Abi Saab M., Slim, K., and Andary, R. (2002) Contribution à l'étude Physico-chimique et Biologique du Fleuve Nahr El Jawz et son apport nutritif au milieu marin. Hannon., XXV : 105-128.
  • Anonymous (1970) Atlas climatique du Liban. Service Météorologique du Liban, Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Tansports, 4 tomes. Bendschneider,
  • Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Seawater. J. Mar. Res. 11: 87-96. Robinson, R. J. (1952) A
  • New Berland, B. R., Bonin, D. J., Maestrini, S. Y. (1980) Azote ou Phosphore? Considérations sur le "Paradoxe Nutritionnel" de la mer méditerranée. Oceanol. Acta. 3 (1):135-141.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001) Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 223-253.
  • Fakhri, M., Romano, J.-C., and Abboud-Abi Saab, M. (2005) Impact of natural and artificial chemical inputs on the marine ecosystem of Batroun Region (North Lebanon). Leb. Sci. J. 6(1): 13-27.
  • Kress, N., Herut, B. (2001) Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios. Deep Sea Research I. 48: 2347-2372.
  • Lacombe, H. (1965) Cours d'Océanographie Physique (Théories de la Circulation Générale. Houle et vagues). Gauthier-Villars (ed), Paris, 392 pp.
  • Monahan, E. C., and Monahan, E. A. (1973) Trends in drogue design. department of atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Michigan., 213: 981-985.
  • Murphy, J., and Riley, J. P. (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 27: 31-36.
  • Niebauer, H. J., and Alexander, V., Henrichs, S. M. (1995) A time-series study of the spring bloom at the Bering ice edge. I. physical processes, chlorophyll and nutrient chemistry. Cont. Shelf Res. 15(15): 1859-1877. Redfield, A. C. (1934) On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. James Johnstone Memorial Volume: 176-192.
  • Romano, J.-C., and Marquet, R. (1991) Occurrence frequencies of sea- surface slicks at long- and short-time scale in relation to wind speed. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 3: 445-458.
  • Wood, E. D., Armstrong, F. A. J., and Richards, F. A. (1967) Determination of nitrate in sea water by cadmium copper reduction to nitrite. J. Mar. Biol. Ass.U .K. 47:23-31.
  • Yaget, R.T., 2005 The Mineral Industry of Lebanon. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook,
  • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2005/lemyb05.pdf

Year 2011, Volume: 17 Issue: 1, 4 - 18, 01.04.2011

Milad Fakhri Jean-Claude Romano Marie Abboud - Abi Saab

Abstract

References

  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhri, M., Sadek, E., and Matar, N. (2008) An estimate of the environmental status of Lebanese littoral waters using nutrients and chlorophyll-a as indicators. Leb. Sci. J. 9(1): 43-60
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Fakhry, M., Kassab, MM.-T., and Matar, N. (2005) Les sels nutritifs et le phytoplankton sur la côte sud du Liban: évaluation d’indices écologiques. Leb. Sci. J. 6(2): 27-43
  • Abboud-Abi Saab, M., Beker, B., Fakhri, and M., Romano, J.-C. (2004) Etude Comparative de la Dynamiques sSaisonnière des Populations Microplanctoniques Dans les Eaux Côtières Libanaises (Batroun) et Française (Marseille). Rapp. Comm. Int. Mer Médit. 37: 259.
  • Abboud-Abi Saab M., Slim, K., and Andary, R. (2002) Contribution à l'étude Physico-chimique et Biologique du Fleuve Nahr El Jawz et son apport nutritif au milieu marin. Hannon., XXV : 105-128.
  • Anonymous (1970) Atlas climatique du Liban. Service Météorologique du Liban, Ministère des Travaux Publics et des Tansports, 4 tomes. Bendschneider,
  • Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Nitrite in Seawater. J. Mar. Res. 11: 87-96. Robinson, R. J. (1952) A
  • New Berland, B. R., Bonin, D. J., Maestrini, S. Y. (1980) Azote ou Phosphore? Considérations sur le "Paradoxe Nutritionnel" de la mer méditerranée. Oceanol. Acta. 3 (1):135-141.
  • Cloern, J. E. (2001) Our evolving conceptual model of the coastal eutrophication problem. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 210: 223-253.
  • Fakhri, M., Romano, J.-C., and Abboud-Abi Saab, M. (2005) Impact of natural and artificial chemical inputs on the marine ecosystem of Batroun Region (North Lebanon). Leb. Sci. J. 6(1): 13-27.
  • Kress, N., Herut, B. (2001) Spatial and seasonal evolution of dissolved oxygen and nutrients in the Southern Levantine Basin (Eastern Mediterranean Sea): chemical characterization of the water masses and inferences on the N:P ratios. Deep Sea Research I. 48: 2347-2372.
  • Lacombe, H. (1965) Cours d'Océanographie Physique (Théories de la Circulation Générale. Houle et vagues). Gauthier-Villars (ed), Paris, 392 pp.
  • Monahan, E. C., and Monahan, E. A. (1973) Trends in drogue design. department of atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Michigan., 213: 981-985.
  • Murphy, J., and Riley, J. P. (1962) A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Anal. Chim. Acta 27: 31-36.
  • Niebauer, H. J., and Alexander, V., Henrichs, S. M. (1995) A time-series study of the spring bloom at the Bering ice edge. I. physical processes, chlorophyll and nutrient chemistry. Cont. Shelf Res. 15(15): 1859-1877. Redfield, A. C. (1934) On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. James Johnstone Memorial Volume: 176-192.
  • Romano, J.-C., and Marquet, R. (1991) Occurrence frequencies of sea- surface slicks at long- and short-time scale in relation to wind speed. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 3: 445-458.
  • Wood, E. D., Armstrong, F. A. J., and Richards, F. A. (1967) Determination of nitrate in sea water by cadmium copper reduction to nitrite. J. Mar. Biol. Ass.U .K. 47:23-31.
  • Yaget, R.T., 2005 The Mineral Industry of Lebanon. U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook,
  • http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/country/2005/lemyb05.pdf
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Authors

Milad Fakhri This is me

Jean-Claude Romano This is me

Marie Abboud - Abi Saab This is me

Publication Date April 1, 2011
Published in Issue Year 2011 Volume: 17 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Fakhri, M., Romano, J.-C., & Saab, M. A.- A. (2011). Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea Mediterranean Environment, 17(1), 4-18. https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM
AMA 1.Fakhri M, Romano JC, Saab MA A. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17(1):4-18. https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM
Chicago Fakhri, Milad, Jean-Claude Romano, and Marie Abboud - Abi Saab. 2011. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea Mediterranean Environment 17 (1): 4-18. https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM.
EndNote Fakhri M, Romano J-C, Saab MA- A (April 1, 2011) Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17 1 4–18.
IEEE [1]M. Fakhri, J.-C. Romano, and M. A.- A. Saab, “Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area”, Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 4–18, Apr. 2011, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM
ISNAD Fakhri, Milad - Romano, Jean-Claude - Saab, Marie Abboud - Abi. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment 17/1 (April 1, 2011): 4-18. https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM.
JAMA 1.Fakhri M, Romano J-C, Saab MA- A. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment. 2011;17:4–18.
MLA Fakhri, Milad, et al. “Impact of Wind on the Dispersion of Contaminants in the Lebanese Northern Marine Area”. Journal of Black Sea Mediterranean Environment, vol. 17, no. 1, Apr. 2011, pp. 4-18, https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM.
Vancouver 1.Fakhri M, Romano JC, Saab MA A. Impact of wind on the dispersion of contaminants in the Lebanese northern marine area. Journal of Black Sea / Mediterranean Environment [Internet]. 2011 Apr. 1;17(1):4-18. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA63RY97TM