An industrial risk: Beryllium

Abstract

Beryllium is a vocational disease factor and beryllium exposure can potentially lead to Chronic Beryllium Disease (CBD) in 2-6 % of workers. While acute lymphocytic pneumonia occurred in individuals who were exposed to high doses of beryllium, low dose exposure to beryllium followed by a long subclinical period can cause CBD characterized with chronic granulomatosis. It has been observed that varying amounts of beryllium exposure are necessary to produce symptoms of CBD or beryllium sensitization (BeS). Genetic differences between patients may be the underlying cause of these dose-effects and further study of the differences in patients exposed to beryllium may lead to earlier diagnosis and the identification of biomarkers of CBD. In this review, it is summarized the general properties of beryllium exposure, the immunopathogenesis and genetic differences of beryllium-induced diseases, genotoxicity and the carcinogenic effects of beryllium.

Keywords

• Beryllium, diagnosis, lung diseases, beryllium sensitization, chronic beryllium disease

Endüstriyel bir risk: Berilyum

Öz

Berilyum mesleki bir hastalık faktörü olup, berilyum maruz kalan işçilerin % 2-16\'sında Kronik Berilyum Hastalığı\'na (KBH) neden olmaktadır. Yüksek dozda maruziyete bağlı olarak bireylerde akut lenfositik pnömoni; düşük dozlarda maruziyette ise uzun bir subklinik periyodu takiben kronik granulomatoz karakterli KBH görülmektedir. Farklı miktarlarda berilyum maruziyetinin KBH ve berilyum hassasiyeti (BeS) belirtilerine yol açtığı gözlenmiştir. Hastalar arasındaki genetik farklılıklar bu doz-etki ilişkisine neden olmakta, berilyuma maruz kalmış hastalardaki farklılıklar hakkında yapılacak daha fazla çalışma ise erken tanıya ve KBH belirteçlerinin belirlenmesine neden olacaktır. Bu derlemede berilyum maruziyetinin genel özellikleri, berilyumla-indüklenen hastalıkların immunopatogenezi ve genetik farklılıkları ile berilyumun genotoksisitesi ve karsinojenik etkileri özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Berilyum, tanı, akciğer hastalıkları, berilyum hassasiyeti (BeS), kronik berilyum hastalığı

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