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Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia

Year 2016, , 178 - 183, 16.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593

Abstract


Objective: To measure and compare macular thicknesses
(MT) in patients that have amblyopia and control group eyes with optical
coherence tomography (OCT) and to define OCT as an early diagnosis
tool.


Methods: 27 patients having amblyopia associated
strabismus classified as group 1, 18 patients having amblyopia
associated anisometropia classified as group 2 and 45 healthy volunteers
classified as group 3 were enrolled into the study. All participants
were underwent into the full ophthalmological examination and were
measured MT by OCT.


Results: There was a statistical significance between
control group and group 1 in central MT (p=0.01). But there was no
significant differences between areas as we divided the macular
thicknesses other quadrants. When we compare group 2 and group 3 there
was thinner statistical significance in temporal quadrants (p=0.04).
There was no significant difference between the other quadrants and
central MT (p<0.05). There was significant difference between group 1
and group 2 in central MT (p=0.03). No significant difference was found
between group 1 and group 2 in other quadrants (p<0.05).


Conclusion: Changes in macular thicknesses in
strabismic amblyopia measured by OCT shows that structural changes can
develop in amblyopia. OCT gives hope as early diagnosis tool with the
non-invasive feature in vivo. J Clin Exp Invest 2016; 7 (2): 178-183

References

  • 1. Von Noorden GK. Amblyopia: a multidisciplinary approach. Proctor lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:1704-16. 2. Wright KW. Visual Development and Amblyopia. In: MD KWW, MD PHS, editors. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus [Internet]. Springer New York; 2003 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. p. 157-71. Available from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-21753-6_10. 3. Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Friedman T, Naor J, et al. Early screening for amblyogenic risk factors lowers the prevalence and severity of amblyopia. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2000;4:194-9. 4. Friedman DS, Repka MX, Katz J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2128-34.e1-2. 5. Groenewoud JH, Tjiam AM, Lantau VK, et al. Rotterdam AMblyopia screening effectiveness study: detection and causes of amblyopia in a large birth cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:3476-84. 6. Caca I, Cingu AK, Sahin A, et al. Amblyopia and refractive errors among school-aged children with low socioeconomic status in southeastern Turkey. J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 2013;50:37-43. 7. Von Noorden GK. Classification of amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63:238-44. 8. Von Noorden GK. New clinical aspects of stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;92:416-21. 9. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2729-32. 10. Von Noorden GK, Middleditch PR. Histology of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus after unilateral lid closure and experimental strabismus: further observations. Invest Ophthalmol. 1975;14:674-83. 11. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254:1178-81. 12. Campos E. Amblyopia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;40:23-39. 13. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. Form deprivation without light deprivation produces the visual deprivation syndrome in Macaca mulatta. Brain Res. 1977;129:37-44. 14. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN, LeVay S. Functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived macaque monkeys. Cold Spring Harb Symp. Quant. Biol. 1976;40:581-9. 15. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML, Levacy RA. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human anisometropic amblyopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 1983;24:788-90. 16. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. The effects of total unilateral occlusion vs. lid suture on the visual system of infant monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 1981;21:142-6. 17. Altintas O, Yüksel N, Ozkan B, Caglar Y. Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, macular thickness, and macular volume in patients with strabismic amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2005;42:216-21. 18. Yoon SW, Park WH, Baek S-H, Kong SM. Thicknesses of macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol KJO. 2005;19:62-7. 19. Pang Y, Goodfellow GW, Allison C, et al. A prospective study of macular thickness in amblyopic children with unilateral high myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 2011;52:2444-2449. 20. Huynh SC, Samarawickrama C, Wang XY, et al. Macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia: the Sydney Childhood Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1604-9. 21. Soyugelen G, Onursever N, Bostancı Ceran B, Can İ. Evaluation of macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer by optical coherence tomography in cases with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2011;41:1-9. 22. Walker RA, Rubab S, Voll ARL, et al. Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in adults with amblyopia. Can. J. Ophthalmol. J Can Ophtalmol. 2011;46:425-7. 23. Al-Haddad CE, Mollayess GMEL, Cherfan CG, et al. Retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness in amblyopia as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:1696-9. 24. Dickmann A, Petroni S, Salerni A, et al. Unilateral amblyopia: An optical coherence tomography study. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 2009;13:148-50. 25. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Tamkins SM, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:143-7. 26. Ayyıldız T, Çallı Ü. Comparison between amblyopic and non-ambloypic of the same patient’s eye in terms of macula and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with the help of spectral optical coherens tomography. Yeni Tıp Derg. 2015;32:148-52. 27. Erşan İ, Oltulu R, Zengin N, Pekel H. The Evaluation of Macula in patients with unilateral anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography. Turk Klin J. Ophthalmol. 2013;22:71-3. 28. Sefi-yurdakul N, Coşar A, Koç F. Strabismik ve anizohipermetropik ambliyopi olgularında retina sinir lifi tabakası ve makula kalınlığı. Turk Klin J Ophthalmol. 2014;23:201-4. 29. Ulaş F, Kaymaz A, Doğan Ü, et al. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography in patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Turk Klin J Ophthalmol. 2012;21:220-6.
Year 2016, , 178 - 183, 16.06.2016
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593

Abstract

References

  • 1. Von Noorden GK. Amblyopia: a multidisciplinary approach. Proctor lecture. Invest. Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1985;26:1704-16. 2. Wright KW. Visual Development and Amblyopia. In: MD KWW, MD PHS, editors. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus [Internet]. Springer New York; 2003 [cited 2016 Feb 23]. p. 157-71. Available from: http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-21753-6_10. 3. Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Friedman T, Naor J, et al. Early screening for amblyogenic risk factors lowers the prevalence and severity of amblyopia. J Am Assoc Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2000;4:194-9. 4. Friedman DS, Repka MX, Katz J, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in white and African American children aged 6 through 71 months the Baltimore Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:2128-34.e1-2. 5. Groenewoud JH, Tjiam AM, Lantau VK, et al. Rotterdam AMblyopia screening effectiveness study: detection and causes of amblyopia in a large birth cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:3476-84. 6. Caca I, Cingu AK, Sahin A, et al. Amblyopia and refractive errors among school-aged children with low socioeconomic status in southeastern Turkey. J. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 2013;50:37-43. 7. Von Noorden GK. Classification of amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63:238-44. 8. Von Noorden GK. New clinical aspects of stimulus deprivation amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 1981;92:416-21. 9. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human strabismic amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992;33:2729-32. 10. Von Noorden GK, Middleditch PR. Histology of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus after unilateral lid closure and experimental strabismus: further observations. Invest Ophthalmol. 1975;14:674-83. 11. Huang D, Swanson EA, Lin CP, et al. Optical coherence tomography. Science. 1991;254:1178-81. 12. Campos E. Amblyopia. Surv Ophthalmol. 1995;40:23-39. 13. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. Form deprivation without light deprivation produces the visual deprivation syndrome in Macaca mulatta. Brain Res. 1977;129:37-44. 14. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN, LeVay S. Functional architecture of area 17 in normal and monocularly deprived macaque monkeys. Cold Spring Harb Symp. Quant. Biol. 1976;40:581-9. 15. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML, Levacy RA. The lateral geniculate nucleus in human anisometropic amblyopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 1983;24:788-90. 16. Von Noorden GK, Crawford ML. The effects of total unilateral occlusion vs. lid suture on the visual system of infant monkeys. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 1981;21:142-6. 17. Altintas O, Yüksel N, Ozkan B, Caglar Y. Thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer, macular thickness, and macular volume in patients with strabismic amblyopia. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2005;42:216-21. 18. Yoon SW, Park WH, Baek S-H, Kong SM. Thicknesses of macular retinal layer and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer in patients with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol KJO. 2005;19:62-7. 19. Pang Y, Goodfellow GW, Allison C, et al. A prospective study of macular thickness in amblyopic children with unilateral high myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis Sci. 2011;52:2444-2449. 20. Huynh SC, Samarawickrama C, Wang XY, et al. Macular and nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopia: the Sydney Childhood Eye Study. Ophthalmology. 2009;116:1604-9. 21. Soyugelen G, Onursever N, Bostancı Ceran B, Can İ. Evaluation of macular thickness and retinal nerve fiber layer by optical coherence tomography in cases with strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2011;41:1-9. 22. Walker RA, Rubab S, Voll ARL, et al. Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in adults with amblyopia. Can. J. Ophthalmol. J Can Ophtalmol. 2011;46:425-7. 23. Al-Haddad CE, Mollayess GMEL, Cherfan CG, et al. Retinal nerve fibre layer and macular thickness in amblyopia as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Br J Ophthalmol. 2011;95:1696-9. 24. Dickmann A, Petroni S, Salerni A, et al. Unilateral amblyopia: An optical coherence tomography study. Pediatr. Ophthalmol. Strabismus. 2009;13:148-50. 25. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Tamkins SM, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in amblyopic eyes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009;148:143-7. 26. Ayyıldız T, Çallı Ü. Comparison between amblyopic and non-ambloypic of the same patient’s eye in terms of macula and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness with the help of spectral optical coherens tomography. Yeni Tıp Derg. 2015;32:148-52. 27. Erşan İ, Oltulu R, Zengin N, Pekel H. The Evaluation of Macula in patients with unilateral anisometropic and strabismic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography. Turk Klin J. Ophthalmol. 2013;22:71-3. 28. Sefi-yurdakul N, Coşar A, Koç F. Strabismik ve anizohipermetropik ambliyopi olgularında retina sinir lifi tabakası ve makula kalınlığı. Turk Klin J Ophthalmol. 2014;23:201-4. 29. Ulaş F, Kaymaz A, Doğan Ü, et al. Evaluation of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and macular thickness measurements using optical coherence tomography in patients with unilateral anisometropic amblyopia. Turk Klin J Ophthalmol. 2012;21:220-6.
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Details

Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Suat Altındağ This is me

Publication Date June 16, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016

Cite

APA Altındağ, S. (2016). Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 7(2), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593
AMA Altındağ S. Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia. J Clin Exp Invest. June 2016;7(2):178-183. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593
Chicago Altındağ, Suat. “Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 7, no. 2 (June 2016): 178-83. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593.
EndNote Altındağ S (June 1, 2016) Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 7 2 178–183.
IEEE S. Altındağ, “Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia”, J Clin Exp Invest, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 178–183, 2016, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593.
ISNAD Altındağ, Suat. “Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 7/2 (June 2016), 178-183. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593.
JAMA Altındağ S. Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia. J Clin Exp Invest. 2016;7:178–183.
MLA Altındağ, Suat. “Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, vol. 7, no. 2, 2016, pp. 178-83, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2016.02.0593.
Vancouver Altındağ S. Evaluation of the Macular Thickness by Optical Coherence Tomography in Amblyopia. J Clin Exp Invest. 2016;7(2):178-83.