Research Article
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Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 67 - 70, 13.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.5799/jcei.433805

Abstract

References

  • 1. Chu JD, Wilkoff BL, Lee I, et al: Diagnosis and management of infections involving implantable electrophysiologic cardiac devices. Ann Intern Med. 2000;33:604-8.
  • 2. Dunn CJ, Ruder M, Deresinski SC, Aspergillus fumigatus infection of an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator. Pacing ClinElectrophysiol. 1996;19:2156-7.
  • 3. De Bie MK, van Rees JB, Thijssen J, et al., Cardiac device infections are associated with a significant mortality risk. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:494-8.
  • 4. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al., Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
  • 5. Mond HG, Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: calendar year 2009 a World Society of Arrhythmia’s project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34:1013-27.
  • 6. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
  • 7. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96:200-9.
  • 8. Da Costa A, Tulane C, Dauphinot V, et al. Preoperative skin antiseptics for prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a historical-controlled interventional trial comparing aqueous against alcoholic povidone-iodine solutions, Europace. 2015;17:1092-8.
  • 9. Rahman R, Saba S, Bazaz R, et al. Infection and readmission rate of cardiac implantable electronic device insertions: An observational single center study, Amn J Infect Control. 2016;44:278-82.
  • 10. Polyzos KA, Konstantelias AA, Falagas ME. Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 2015;17:767-7.
  • 11. Rettig G, Doenecke P, Sen S, et al. Complications with retained transvenous pacemaker electrodes. Am Heart J. 1979;98:587-94.
  • 12. Vogt PR, Sagdic K, Lachat M, et al. Surgical management of infected permanent transvenous pacemaker system: ten years’ experience. J Card Surg.1996;11:180-6.
  • 13. Byrd CL, Schwartz SJ, Hedin NB, et al. Intravascular lead extraction using locking stylets and sheaths. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1990;13:1871-5.
  • 14. Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Carlo Tascini, Enrico Tagliaferri, et al., Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections, Europace 2012;14:1334-9.
  • 15. Uslan DZ, Sohail MR, StSauver JL, et al. Permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator infection: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:669-75.
  • 16. Palmisano P, Accogli M, Zaccaria M, et al. Causes and impact on patient outcome of implantable device complications requiring surgical revision: large population survey from two centres in Italy. Europace. 2013;15:531- 40.
  • 17. Romeyer-Bouchard C, Da Costa A, Dauphinot V, et al. Prevalence and risk factors related to infections of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:203-10.
  • 18. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
  • 19. Del Pozo JL, Patel R. The challenge of treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82:204-9.
  • 20. Tarakji KG, Chan EJ, Cantillon DJ, et al. Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: presentation, management, and patient outcomes. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1043-7.
  • 21. Bloom H, Heeke B, Leon A, et al. Renal insufficiency and the risk of infection from pacemaker or defibrillator surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29:142-5.
  • 22. Qintar M, Zardkoohi O, Hammadah M, et al. The impact of changing antiseptic skin preparation agent used for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures on the risk of infection, PACE 2015;38:240-6.
  • 23. Duval X, Selton-Suty C, Alla F, et al. Endocarditis in patients with a permanent pacemaker: a 1-year epidemiological survey on infective endocarditis due to valvular and/or pacemaker infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:68-74.
  • 24. Nielsen JC, Gerdes JC, Varma N. Infected cardiac-implantable electronic devices: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2484- 90.
  • 25. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al. Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
  • 26. Gallego P, Apostolakis S, Gregory YH. Bridging evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence in periprocedural anticoagulation. Circulation. 2012;126:1573-6.

The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center

Year 2018, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 67 - 70, 13.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.5799/jcei.433805

Abstract

years. The incidence of infection has ranged from 0.5 % to 12% in the literature. The purposes
of this study was to investigate the frequency of CIED infection and to find the causes of
infection.
Patients and methods: Totally, 211 patients with CIED infection were retrospectively evaluated.
For each patient, all the following data were recorded; age, sex, CIED type, accompanying
diseases, complete blood count, serum biochemistry, echocardiographic findings and whether
first implantation or replacement. In addition, wound culture, antibiotic regime, erythrocyte
sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and
anticoagulation test results were recorded in infected patients.
Results: CIED infection was detected in 18 of the 211 patients (8.5%). 15 cases developed
infection following the first implantation (10%), and 3 cases after replacement (5%). Infection
was detected within 60 days in 5 patients. CIED pocket cultures were positive in 12 patients
(66.7%). 13 of 18 infected devices were removed (72.2%). Diabetes mellitus [Odds Ratio, OR:
4.56 (1.449-14.408)] (p=0.010), male sex [OR: 3.84 (1.034-14.232)] (p=0.045) and increasing age
[OR: 0.96 (0.932-0.998)] (p=0.038) were found as significant independent variables on
development of CIED; but, pacemaker, implantable cardioverter defibrillator and cardiac
resynchronization were not independent variables [OR: 1.66 (0.469-5.929)] (p=0.43).
Conclusions: Increasing age, male sex, diabetes mellitus were related to increased frequency
of CIED infections. Identification of comorbid conditions prior to CIED implantations may be
important in reducing risk of CIED infections.

References

  • 1. Chu JD, Wilkoff BL, Lee I, et al: Diagnosis and management of infections involving implantable electrophysiologic cardiac devices. Ann Intern Med. 2000;33:604-8.
  • 2. Dunn CJ, Ruder M, Deresinski SC, Aspergillus fumigatus infection of an automatic internal cardiac defibrillator. Pacing ClinElectrophysiol. 1996;19:2156-7.
  • 3. De Bie MK, van Rees JB, Thijssen J, et al., Cardiac device infections are associated with a significant mortality risk. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:494-8.
  • 4. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al., Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
  • 5. Mond HG, Proclemer A. The 11th world survey of cardiac pacing and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: calendar year 2009 a World Society of Arrhythmia’s project. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2011;34:1013-27.
  • 6. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
  • 7. Durack DT, Lukes AS, Bright DK. New criteria for diagnosis of infective endocarditis: utilization of specific echocardiographic findings. Duke Endocarditis Service. Am J Med. 1994;96:200-9.
  • 8. Da Costa A, Tulane C, Dauphinot V, et al. Preoperative skin antiseptics for prevention of cardiac implantable electronic device infections: a historical-controlled interventional trial comparing aqueous against alcoholic povidone-iodine solutions, Europace. 2015;17:1092-8.
  • 9. Rahman R, Saba S, Bazaz R, et al. Infection and readmission rate of cardiac implantable electronic device insertions: An observational single center study, Amn J Infect Control. 2016;44:278-82.
  • 10. Polyzos KA, Konstantelias AA, Falagas ME. Risk factors for cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace. 2015;17:767-7.
  • 11. Rettig G, Doenecke P, Sen S, et al. Complications with retained transvenous pacemaker electrodes. Am Heart J. 1979;98:587-94.
  • 12. Vogt PR, Sagdic K, Lachat M, et al. Surgical management of infected permanent transvenous pacemaker system: ten years’ experience. J Card Surg.1996;11:180-6.
  • 13. Byrd CL, Schwartz SJ, Hedin NB, et al. Intravascular lead extraction using locking stylets and sheaths. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1990;13:1871-5.
  • 14. Maria Grazia Bongiorni, Carlo Tascini, Enrico Tagliaferri, et al., Microbiology of cardiac implantable electronic device infections, Europace 2012;14:1334-9.
  • 15. Uslan DZ, Sohail MR, StSauver JL, et al. Permanent pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator infection: a population-based study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:669-75.
  • 16. Palmisano P, Accogli M, Zaccaria M, et al. Causes and impact on patient outcome of implantable device complications requiring surgical revision: large population survey from two centres in Italy. Europace. 2013;15:531- 40.
  • 17. Romeyer-Bouchard C, Da Costa A, Dauphinot V, et al. Prevalence and risk factors related to infections of cardiac resynchronization therapy devices. Eur Heart J. 2010;31:203-10.
  • 18. Nery PB, Fernandes R, Nair GM, et al. Device-related infection among patients with pacemakers and implantable defibrillators: incidence, risk factors, and consequences. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2010;21:786-90.
  • 19. Del Pozo JL, Patel R. The challenge of treating biofilm-associated bacterial infections. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82:204-9.
  • 20. Tarakji KG, Chan EJ, Cantillon DJ, et al. Cardiac implantable electronic device infections: presentation, management, and patient outcomes. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1043-7.
  • 21. Bloom H, Heeke B, Leon A, et al. Renal insufficiency and the risk of infection from pacemaker or defibrillator surgery. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29:142-5.
  • 22. Qintar M, Zardkoohi O, Hammadah M, et al. The impact of changing antiseptic skin preparation agent used for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures on the risk of infection, PACE 2015;38:240-6.
  • 23. Duval X, Selton-Suty C, Alla F, et al. Endocarditis in patients with a permanent pacemaker: a 1-year epidemiological survey on infective endocarditis due to valvular and/or pacemaker infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;39:68-74.
  • 24. Nielsen JC, Gerdes JC, Varma N. Infected cardiac-implantable electronic devices: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2484- 90.
  • 25. Johansen JB, Jorgensen OD, Moller M, et al. Infection after pacemaker implantation: infection rates and risk factors associated with infection in a population-based cohort study of 46299 consecutive patients. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:991-8.
  • 26. Gallego P, Apostolakis S, Gregory YH. Bridging evidence-based practice and practice-based evidence in periprocedural anticoagulation. Circulation. 2012;126:1573-6.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ali Deniz This is me

Muhammet Bugra Karaaslan

Publication Date June 13, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Deniz, A., & Karaaslan, M. B. (2018). The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 9(2), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.5799/jcei.433805
AMA Deniz A, Karaaslan MB. The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center. J Clin Exp Invest. June 2018;9(2):67-70. doi:10.5799/jcei.433805
Chicago Deniz, Ali, and Muhammet Bugra Karaaslan. “The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 9, no. 2 (June 2018): 67-70. https://doi.org/10.5799/jcei.433805.
EndNote Deniz A, Karaaslan MB (June 1, 2018) The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 9 2 67–70.
IEEE A. Deniz and M. B. Karaaslan, “The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center”, J Clin Exp Invest, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 67–70, 2018, doi: 10.5799/jcei.433805.
ISNAD Deniz, Ali - Karaaslan, Muhammet Bugra. “The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 9/2 (June 2018), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.5799/jcei.433805.
JAMA Deniz A, Karaaslan MB. The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center. J Clin Exp Invest. 2018;9:67–70.
MLA Deniz, Ali and Muhammet Bugra Karaaslan. “The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, vol. 9, no. 2, 2018, pp. 67-70, doi:10.5799/jcei.433805.
Vancouver Deniz A, Karaaslan MB. The Infections of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: Four Year Experience of a Single Center. J Clin Exp Invest. 2018;9(2):67-70.