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Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 562 - 567, 01.12.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. It stems from defects, which are formed in insulin secretion, insulin effect or both caused by interactions of genetics, environmental factors and life style changes. As well as being a very serious and progressive disease, we face it as a major health problem for both individuals and society for it adversely affects the mortality and morbidity by causing chronic and acute complications in case of lack of control. Maximum effort should be made in order to prevent diabetes in all sections of society. Family medicine doctors have the greatest part in this regard for their unique roles in primary care. Therefore, primary care health personnel should evaluate the patients in terms of diabetes risk factors, take the preventive measures against development of diabetes and do diabetes screening for required individuals. They should follow up the treatments and controls of the patients having diabetes in order to avoid complications. Since prevention and treatment requires a multi-disciplinary approach, they should to refer patients to nephrology, ophthalmology, cardiology etc. departments. To this end, diabetes and approach to diabetic patients have been examined in this article. J Clin Exp Invest 2013; 4 (4): 561-567

References

  • Uncu Y, Ersun HG. Aile Hekimliğinde Diabetes Melli- tus’a Yaklaşım. In:Bilgel N (ed). Aile Hekimliği, 1. Bas- kı, Ankara: Medikal Tıp Kitabevi, 2006:479-497.
  • Aksoy DY, Gürlek A. Tip 2 diyabetin tedavisinde yeni umut: Thiazolidinedionlar. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004;35:123-126.
  • Ayhan D,Kahveci R, Koç EM, ve ark. Ceza İnfaz Ku- rumlarında Diyabet Yönetimi. Ankara Medical Journal 2012;12:199-204.
  • Altınova AE, Yetkin İ. Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus’a Yatkın- lıkta Rolü Olabilecek Genetik Faktörler. Marmara Med J 2011;24:126-130.
  • Çetinkalp Ş. Diyabet Tedavisinde Oral Antidiyabetikle- rin Bugünü ve Yarını. Ege Diyabet ve Çalışma Grubu 2005;1:1-15.
  • Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabe- tes Research and Clinical Practice 2010;87:4-14
  • Satman İ. TURDEP-II Çalışması ilk sonuçlar, 32.TEMH Kongresi, 13ı17 Ekim 2010, Antalya.kongre Kitabı, 2010:12.
  • Gross JL, De Azevedo MJ, Silveiro SP, et al. Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Diabet Care 2005;28:164-176.
  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35:11-63.
  • Lasaridis AN, Sarafidis PA. Diabetic nephropaty and antihypertensive treatmen: what are the lessons from clinical trials. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:689-697.
  • TEMD Diabetes Mellitus Çalışma ve Eğitim Grubu. TEMD Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının tanı, tedavi ve izlem Klavuzu-2011, 5. Baskı, Ankara, Miki Matbaacılık; 2011:1-20.
  • Williams G, Pickup JC. Diyabet Tanı ve Sınıflaması. Editör: Karşıdağ K. Diyabet El Kitabı 3.baskı, Ankara, 2004;1-30.
  • Nguyen TT, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Retinal vascular changes in pre-diabetes and prehypertension: new findings and their research and clinical implications. Diabet Care 2007; 30:2708-2715.
  • Yılmaz C. Vakalarla diyabet 2008, 3. Baskı, Ankara, Mart Matbaacılık, 2008:1-45.
  • American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2010;33:62-69
  • Sobacı G. Diyabetik Retinopati. In: Özata M, Yönem A (eds). Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Ki- tabı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık; 2006:353-358.
  • Yeşil S. Diyabetik Nöropati. Editörler: Özata M, Yö- nem A. Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Kitabı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık 2006;367-378
  • Evrenkaya R. Diyabetik Nefropati. Editörler: Özata M, Yönem A. Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Kita- bı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık 2006;359-366
  • Satman I, Yılmaz T,Sengul A, et al. Population- based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey:Results of the Turkish diabetes epidemiyology study (TURDEP). Diabet Care 2002;25:1551- 1556.
  • Murrary CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policy lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Sci- ence 1996;274:740-743.
  • DCCT Research Group: The effect of intensive treat- ment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin-dependent diabe- tes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 977-86.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. In- tensive blood glucose control with sulphonyureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. (UK- PDS 33). Lancet 1998;352: 837-853.
  • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. American Diabetes Association; Management of Hyperglycemia in Type2 Diabetes: A Patient- Centered Approach, Diabet Care 2012;35:1364-1379.
  • (Colwell JA. Aspirin therapy in diabetes. Diabet Care 2004;27:72-73.
  • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403.
  • Roderick E. The stepwise approach to the man- agement of type 2 diabetes. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2004;65:3-8.
  • American Diabetes Association, Nutrition Recommen- dations and Interventions for Diabetes. Diabetes Care January 2008;31:61-78.
  • Watkins JP. ABC of Diabetes. 5th ed. 2003:74
  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treat- ment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA 2001;285:2486-2497.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascu- lar and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 38). BMJ 1998;317:703.
  • Karim R. The association of smoking and subclinical atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes: Modification by duration of diabetes. Diabet Med 2005;22:81-87.
  • Khalida I. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological inter- ventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2004;363:1589-1597.
  • Eray E, Balcı MK. Tip 2 Diyabet Tedavisi. Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2005;12:66-71.
  • Hatun Ş. Çocukluk çağında diyabet. T Klin J Endocrin 2003;1:185-197.
  • Eroğlu1 M, Barışık V. Birinci basamakta diyabetes mellitusa yaklaşım. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi 2012;2:54-61.

Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare

Year 2013, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 562 - 567, 01.12.2013
https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, hiperglisemi ile karakterize bir metabolik hastalıktır. Genetik, çevresel faktörler ve yaşam tarzı değişikliklerinin etkileşimi nedeniyle insülin salgılanması, insülin etkisi veya her ikisinde oluşmuş defektlerden kaynaklanır. Son derece ciddi ve ilerleyici bir hastalık olmasının yanı sıra, kontrol sağlanamadığında akut ve kronik komplikasyonlara yol açıp morbidite ve mortaliteyi olumsuz etkilemesiyle hem birey hem de toplum için büyük bir sağlık sorunu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Diyabetin toplumun her kesiminde önlenmesi için azami gayret gösterilmelidir. Bu konuda en büyük görev birinci basamak hizmetlerindeki eşsiz rolleri nedeni ile aile hekimlerine düşmektedir. Bu yüzden birinci basamak sağlık çalışanları, hastaları diyabet risk faktörleri açısından değerlendirmeli ve diyabet gelişimini önleyici tedbirleri almalıdır. Gerekli kişilerde diyabet taraması yapmalıdır. Diyabeti olan hastalarda ise komplikasyonları önlemek için tedavi ve kontrollerini takip etmelidir. Önleme ve tedavi multidisipliner yaklaşım gerektirdiğinden hastayı nefroloji, göz, kardiyoloji vb. bölümlere de sevk etmelidir. Bu amaçla makalede diyabet ve diyabetik hastaya nasıl yaklaşılması gerektiği incelenmiştir.

References

  • Uncu Y, Ersun HG. Aile Hekimliğinde Diabetes Melli- tus’a Yaklaşım. In:Bilgel N (ed). Aile Hekimliği, 1. Bas- kı, Ankara: Medikal Tıp Kitabevi, 2006:479-497.
  • Aksoy DY, Gürlek A. Tip 2 diyabetin tedavisinde yeni umut: Thiazolidinedionlar. Hacettepe Tıp Dergisi 2004;35:123-126.
  • Ayhan D,Kahveci R, Koç EM, ve ark. Ceza İnfaz Ku- rumlarında Diyabet Yönetimi. Ankara Medical Journal 2012;12:199-204.
  • Altınova AE, Yetkin İ. Tip 1 Diabetes Mellitus’a Yatkın- lıkta Rolü Olabilecek Genetik Faktörler. Marmara Med J 2011;24:126-130.
  • Çetinkalp Ş. Diyabet Tedavisinde Oral Antidiyabetikle- rin Bugünü ve Yarını. Ege Diyabet ve Çalışma Grubu 2005;1:1-15.
  • Shaw JE, Sicree RA, Zimmet PZ. Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2010 and 2030. Diabe- tes Research and Clinical Practice 2010;87:4-14
  • Satman İ. TURDEP-II Çalışması ilk sonuçlar, 32.TEMH Kongresi, 13ı17 Ekim 2010, Antalya.kongre Kitabı, 2010:12.
  • Gross JL, De Azevedo MJ, Silveiro SP, et al. Diabetic nephropathy: diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Diabet Care 2005;28:164-176.
  • American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes-2012. Diabetes Care 2012;35:11-63.
  • Lasaridis AN, Sarafidis PA. Diabetic nephropaty and antihypertensive treatmen: what are the lessons from clinical trials. Am J Hypertens 2003;16:689-697.
  • TEMD Diabetes Mellitus Çalışma ve Eğitim Grubu. TEMD Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının tanı, tedavi ve izlem Klavuzu-2011, 5. Baskı, Ankara, Miki Matbaacılık; 2011:1-20.
  • Williams G, Pickup JC. Diyabet Tanı ve Sınıflaması. Editör: Karşıdağ K. Diyabet El Kitabı 3.baskı, Ankara, 2004;1-30.
  • Nguyen TT, Wang JJ, Wong TY. Retinal vascular changes in pre-diabetes and prehypertension: new findings and their research and clinical implications. Diabet Care 2007; 30:2708-2715.
  • Yılmaz C. Vakalarla diyabet 2008, 3. Baskı, Ankara, Mart Matbaacılık, 2008:1-45.
  • American Diabetes Association. Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care 2010;33:62-69
  • Sobacı G. Diyabetik Retinopati. In: Özata M, Yönem A (eds). Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Ki- tabı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık; 2006:353-358.
  • Yeşil S. Diyabetik Nöropati. Editörler: Özata M, Yö- nem A. Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Kitabı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık 2006;367-378
  • Evrenkaya R. Diyabetik Nefropati. Editörler: Özata M, Yönem A. Endokrinoloji-Metabolizma ve Diyabet Kita- bı. 1.Baskı, İstanbul Medikal Yayıncılık 2006;359-366
  • Satman I, Yılmaz T,Sengul A, et al. Population- based study of diabetes and risk characteristics in Turkey:Results of the Turkish diabetes epidemiyology study (TURDEP). Diabet Care 2002;25:1551- 1556.
  • Murrary CJ, Lopez AD. Evidence-based health policy lessons from the Global Burden of Disease Study. Sci- ence 1996;274:740-743.
  • DCCT Research Group: The effect of intensive treat- ment of diabetes on the development and progression of long term complications in insulin-dependent diabe- tes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993;329: 977-86.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. In- tensive blood glucose control with sulphonyureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. (UK- PDS 33). Lancet 1998;352: 837-853.
  • Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB, et al. American Diabetes Association; Management of Hyperglycemia in Type2 Diabetes: A Patient- Centered Approach, Diabet Care 2012;35:1364-1379.
  • (Colwell JA. Aspirin therapy in diabetes. Diabet Care 2004;27:72-73.
  • Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403.
  • Roderick E. The stepwise approach to the man- agement of type 2 diabetes. Diabet Res Clin Pract 2004;65:3-8.
  • American Diabetes Association, Nutrition Recommen- dations and Interventions for Diabetes. Diabetes Care January 2008;31:61-78.
  • Watkins JP. ABC of Diabetes. 5th ed. 2003:74
  • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treat- ment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. JAMA 2001;285:2486-2497.
  • UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascu- lar and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 38). BMJ 1998;317:703.
  • Karim R. The association of smoking and subclinical atherosclerosis in Type 2 diabetes: Modification by duration of diabetes. Diabet Med 2005;22:81-87.
  • Khalida I. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological inter- ventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 2004;363:1589-1597.
  • Eray E, Balcı MK. Tip 2 Diyabet Tedavisi. Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi 2005;12:66-71.
  • Hatun Ş. Çocukluk çağında diyabet. T Klin J Endocrin 2003;1:185-197.
  • Eroğlu1 M, Barışık V. Birinci basamakta diyabetes mellitusa yaklaşım. Smyrna Tıp Dergisi 2012;2:54-61.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Mehmet Halis Tanrıverdi This is me

Tahsin Çelepkolu This is me

Hamza Aslanhan This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tanrıverdi, M. H., Çelepkolu, T., & Aslanhan, H. (2013). Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, 4(4), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347
AMA Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H. Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare. J Clin Exp Invest. December 2013;4(4):562-567. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347
Chicago Tanrıverdi, Mehmet Halis, Tahsin Çelepkolu, and Hamza Aslanhan. “Diabetes Mellitus and Primary Healthcare”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 4, no. 4 (December 2013): 562-67. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
EndNote Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H (December 1, 2013) Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 4 4 562–567.
IEEE M. H. Tanrıverdi, T. Çelepkolu, and H. Aslanhan, “Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare”, J Clin Exp Invest, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 562–567, 2013, doi: 10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
ISNAD Tanrıverdi, Mehmet Halis et al. “Diabetes Mellitus and Primary Healthcare”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations 4/4 (December 2013), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
JAMA Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H. Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare. J Clin Exp Invest. 2013;4:562–567.
MLA Tanrıverdi, Mehmet Halis et al. “Diabetes Mellitus and Primary Healthcare”. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Investigations, vol. 4, no. 4, 2013, pp. 562-7, doi:10.5799/ahinjs.01.2013.04.0347.
Vancouver Tanrıverdi MH, Çelepkolu T, Aslanhan H. Diabetes mellitus and primary healthcare. J Clin Exp Invest. 2013;4(4):562-7.