Propranolol Treatment in Infantile Hemangiomas: A Single Center Experience

Abstract

Objective: Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common benign vascular tumor in infants. Although most IHs regress spontaneously, complicated IHs require treatment. Currently, propranolol has become the first-line therapy for managing IH. This study aims to evaluate patients who’ve been hospitalized and started propranolol treatment in order to assess how to follow the treatment process as well as the effectiveness and safety of the treatment in light of the current literature. Materials and Methods: 48 patients who were hospitalized for IH and started propranolol treatment between June 2012 and December 2015 were evaluated retrospectively. The cases were examined in terms of pre-treatment laboratory tests, cardiological evaluation, imaging methods, age, gender, hemangioma location, treatment indication, side effects and treatment efficacy. Results: The mean age of starting treatment was 6 months (range=2-146 months) in the total of 48 cases (nfemale=32, nmale=16), with 30% of the cases having a history of preterm delivery. No pathology was detected in 38 (90%) of the 42 patients who’d been assessed using cranial USG before treatment. Corpus callosum agenesis was detected in one patient, hydrocephalus in one patient, and choroid plexus cyst in one patient. Abdominal ultrasonography were normal in 89% of the 47 assessed patients, renal agenesis was found in one patient, and hepatic hemangiomas were detected in four patients (9%). Indications for treatment were rapid growth (44%), ulcerated hemangioma (29%), and giant hemangioma (27%). Mean duration of treatment was 15.3±7.9 months. Duration of treatment in giant hemangiomas was significantly longer compared to the other indications (p<0.05). According to clinical evaluation, propranolol treatment was found to be effective in 88% of patients. No life-threatening side effects were observed. Bradycardia and arrhythmia were detected in two patients, but treatment was continued as they resolved spontaneously. Conclusion: Propranolol treatment was found to be effective and safe for treating infantile hemangioma. In patients with a normal physical examination and no risk regarding anamnesis, initiating treatment under surveillance at hospital and evaluating routine ECG and ECO before treatment might not be absolutely necessary.

Keywords

• Hemangioma
• infant
• propranolol
• side effects

İnfantil Hemanjiomlarda Propranolol Tedavisi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Abstract

Amaç: İnfantil hemanjiom (İH), infantların en sık benign vasküler tümörüdür. Çoğu İH kendiliğinden gerilemesine rağmen, komplike İH’lar tedavi gerektirir. Günümüzde, propranolol İH yönetiminde birinci basamak tedavi olmuştur. Hastanede yatırılarak propranolol tedavisi başlanan olguları, tedavi sürecinde yapılması / yapılmaması gerekenleri, tedavi etkinliği ve güvenilirliğini güncel literatür eşliğinde değerlendirmeyi amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntem: Haziran 2012 - Aralık 2015 tarihlerinde İH nedeniyle hastanede yatırılarak propranolol tedavisi başlanmış 48 olgu retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Olgular tedavi öncesi laboratuvar tetkikleri, kardiyolojik değerlendirme, görüntüleme yöntemleri, yaş, cins, hemanjiom yeri, tedavi endikasyonu, yan etki ve tedavi etkinliği açısından incelendi. Bulgular: Kırk sekiz olgunun (K:32, E:16), tedaviye başlama yaşı median 6 ay (2-146 ay) olup, olguların %30’u prematüre doğum öyküsüne sahipti. Tedavi öncesinde transfontanel USG yapılan 42 hastanın 38’inde (%90) patoloji saptanmadı. Hastalardan birinde corpus kallosum agenezisi, bir hastada hidrosefali, bir hastada koroid pleksus kisti saptandı. Batın USG ile değerlendirilen 47 hastadan 42’sinde (%89) sonuçlar normaldi, bir hastada renal agenezi, 4 hastada (%9) karaciğerde hemanjiom mevcuttu. Tedavi endikasyonu sırasıyla hızlı büyüme (%44), ülsere hemanjiom (%29) ve dev hemanjiomdu (%27). Ortalama tedavi süresi 15.3(±7.9) ay bulundu. Dev hemanjiomlardaki tedavi süresi, diğer endikasyonlardaki tedavi sürelerinden uzundu (p<0,05). Klinik değerlendirmeye göre hastaların %88’sinde propranolol tedavisi etkili bulundu. Hayatı tehdit eden bir yan etki görülmedi. Hastalardan 2’sinde bradikardi ve disritmi tespit edildi, ancak spontan düzeldiği için tedaviye devam edildi. Sonuç: Propranolol tedavisi infantil hemanjiom tedavisinde etkili ve güvenilir bulunmuştur. Araştırmamız, fizik muayenesi normal olan , anamnezinde herhangi bir risk tespit edilemeyen hastalarda tedavi öncesi rutin EKG, EKO değerlendirmesinin ve tedavinin yatırılarak gözetim altında başlanmasının mutlak gerekli olmadığını düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

• Hemanjiom
• bebek
• propranolol
• yan etkiler

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