Ebeveynlerin Aşı Okuryazarlık Düzeyi ve Tutumlarının 5-11 Yaş Arası Çocuklarda COVID-19 Aşı Kararına Etkisi: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırma 5-11 yaş arası çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin çocuklarına COVID-19 aşısını yaptırmaya yönelik kararının ve bu kararın aşı okuryazarlığı ve aşıya yönelik tutum düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma, tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tasarımdadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 635 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Veriler COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği, COVID‐19 Aşısına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, Bilgi Formu kullanılarak Nisan 2022-Aralık 2022 tarihlerinde toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ile COVID‐19 Aşısına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği puanları arasında pozitif yönde ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışmada çocukluk çağı aşılarının tamamını yaptıran, çocuğuna COVID 19 aşısı çıkarsa yaptırmayı kabul eden, kendisine COVID 19 aşısı yaptıran, yetişkinler ve çocuklar için aşının zorunlu olması gerektiğini ifade eden ebeveynlerin COVID-19 Aşısına Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarının anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin çocuklarını rutin çocukluk çağı aşılamaları konusundaki istekliliği ve COVID-19 aşısı hakkındaki yüksek aşı okuryazarlık düzeylerinin, çocuklarına COVID-19 aşısı yaptırma konusundaki tutum ve kararlarını olumlu yönde etkilediği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Keywords

• aşı okuryazarlığı
• aşı tutumu
• COVID 19 aşısı
• çocuk
• ebeveyn

The Effect of Parental Vaccine Literacy Level and Attitudes on COVID19 Vaccination Decisions for Children Aged 5-11 Years: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the decision of parents of children aged 5-11 years to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 and to investigate the relationship between this decision and their vaccine literacy and attitudes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional research design was implemented on 635 parents between April 2022 and December 2022. Data were collected using the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale, the Attitudes Towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale, and an Information Form. Results: A positive and significant relationship was found between the scores of the parents on the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale and the Attitudes Towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale. In the study, it was determined that the total score averages of the Attitudes Towards the COVID-19 Vaccine Scale were significantly higher for the parents who had had all childhood vaccinations for their children, who agreed to have their child vaccinated for the COVID-19 vaccine, who had had the COVID-19 vaccine themselves, and who stated that the vaccine should be mandatory for both adults and children. Conclusion: It was concluded that parents’ willingness to vaccinate their children routinely and their level of vaccine literacy about the COVID-19 vaccine positively influenced their attitude and decisions towards vaccinating their children against COVID-19.

Keywords

• vaccine literacy
• vaccine attitude
• COVID 19 vaccine
• children
• parents

References

1. . World Health Organization (WHO) Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, Available from: https://www.who.int/ europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19 google scholar
2. 2. Huang YZ, Kuan CC.Vaccination to reduce severe COVID-19 and mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022;26(5):1770-76. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202203_28248. google scholar
3. 3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2021. COVID-19 vaccination clinical & professional resources. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/covid-19/index.html/ google scholar
4. 4. Rahmani K, Shavaleh R, Forouhi M, Feiz Disfani H, Komandi M, Oskooi RK, et al. The efectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing the incidence, hospitalization, and mortality from COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2022;10:873596. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.873596 google scholar
5. 5. Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Whitaker M, O’Halloran A, Anglin O, Burns E, et al. Hospitalizations Associated with COVID-19 Among Children and Adolescents-COVID-NET. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70(36):1255-60. google scholar
6. 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2022/s0519-covid-booster-acip.html google scholar
7. 7. Tanrıkulu G, Küçükoğlu S, Taş Arslan F. Vaccınatıon applıcatıons from the perspectıve of covıd-19 ın chıldren and the role of healthcare professıonals sıck a tradıtıonal revıew. International Journal Of Health Sciences 2022;5(8):122-129. doi:10.55433/gsbd.167 google scholar
8. 8. Miraglia del Giudice G, Napoli A. Corea F, Folcarelli L, Angelillo IF. Evaluating COVID-19 vaccine willingness and hesitancy among parents of children aged 5-11 years with chronic conditions in Italy. Vaccines 2022;10:396. doi:10.3390/vaccines10030396 google scholar

9. 9. Gökçay G. Aşı Uygulamaları. In: Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T, editors. Pediyatri. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2010.p.65-78. google scholar
10. 10. Galanis P, Vraka I, Katsiroumpa A, Siskou O, Konstantakopoulou O, Katsoulas T, et al. First COVID-19 booster dose in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis of willingness and its predictors. Vaccines 2022; 10:1097. doi:10.3390/vaccines10071097 google scholar
11. 11. Luo C, Chen A, Cui B, Liao W. Exploring public perceptions of the COVID-19 vaccine online from a cultural perspective: Semantic network analysis of two social media platforms in the United States and China. Telemat Inform 2021;65:101712. doi:10.1016/j. tele.2021.101712 google scholar
12. 12. Wang Z, She R, Chen X, Li L, Li L, Huang Z, et al. Parental acceptability of COVID-19 vaccination for children under the age of 18 years among Chinese doctors and nurses: a cross-sectional online survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021;17(10):3322-32. do i:10.1080/21645515.2021.1917232. google scholar
13. 13. SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy 2014. Available from: immunization/sage/meetings/2014/october/1_Report_ WORKING_GROUPvaccine_hesitancy_final.pdf. google scholar
14. 14. Freeman D, Loe BS, Chadwick A, Vaccari C, Waite F, Rosebrock L, et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the UK: the Oxford coronavirus explanations, attitudes, and narratives survey (Oceans) II. Psychological Medicine 2022;52:3127-41. doi:10.1017/ S0033291720005188 google scholar
15. 15. Al-Amer R, Maneze D, Everet B, Montayre J, Villarosa AR, Dwekat E, et al. COVID-19 vaccination intention in the first year of the pandemic: A systematic review. J Clin Nurs 2022; 31(1-2):62-86. doi:10.1111/ jocn.15951. google scholar
16. 16. Snehota M, Vlckova J, Cizkova K, Vachutka J, Kolarova H, Klaskova E, et al. Acceptance of a vaccine against COVID-19 - a systematic review of surveys conducted worldwide. Bratisl Med J 2021; 122(8):538-47. doi:10.4149/BLL_2021_086 google scholar
17. 17. Wake AD. The willingness to receive COVID-19 vaccine and its associated factors: Vaccination refusal could prolong the war of this pandemic-A Systematic Review. Risk Manag Healthc 2021;14:2609-23, doi:10.2147/RMHP.S311074 google scholar
18. 18. Lotfi M, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:254-266. doi:10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.044 google scholar
19. 19. Babicki M, Pokorna-Katwak D, Doniec Z, Mastalerz-Migas A. Attitudes of parents with regard to vaccination of children against COVID-19 in Poland-A Nationwide Online Survey. Vaccines 2021; 9(10):1192. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9101192 google scholar
20. 20. Bell S, Clarke R, Jack SM, Walker JM, Paterson P. Parents’ and guardians’ views on the acceptability of a future COVID-19 vaccine: A multi-methods study in England. Vaccine 2020;38:7789-98. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.027 google scholar
21. 21. Çelik MY. The thoughts of parents to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: An assessment of situations that may affect them. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr 2021;1-7. doi:10.1111/jcap.12362 google scholar
22. 22. Horiuchi S, Sakamoto H, Abe SK, Shinohara R, Kushima M, Otawa S, et al. Factors of parental COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: A cross sectional study in Japan. PLoS ONE 2021;16(12): e0261121. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0261121 google scholar
23. 23. Walker K, Head K, Owens H, Zimet G. A qualitative study exploring the relationship between mothers’ vaccine hesitancy and health beliefs with COVID-19 vaccination intention and prevention during the early pandemic months, Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021;17(10):3355-64. doi:10.1080/21645515.2021.1942713 google scholar
24. 24. Yılmaz M, Sahin MK. Parents’ willingness and attitudes concerning the COVID-19 vaccine: A cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75:e14364. doi:10.1111/ijcp.14364 google scholar
25. 25. Yigit M, Ozkaya-Parlakay A, Senel E. Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine refusal in parents. J Pediatr Infect Dis 2021;40(4):e134-e136. doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003042 google scholar
26. 26. Ishikawa H, Takeuchi T, Yano E. Measuring functional, communicative, and critical health literacy among diabetic patients. Diabetes Care 2008;31(5):874-79. doi:10.2337/dc07-1932. google scholar
27. 27. Biasio LR, Bonaccorsi G, Lorini C, Pecorelli S. Assessing COVID-19 vaccine literacy: A preliminary online survey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2021;17:1304-1312. doi:10.1080/21645515.202 0.1829315. google scholar
28. 28. Durmuş A, Akbolat M, Amarat M. COVID-19 Turkish validity and reliability of COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale. Cukurova Med J 2021;46(2):732-41. doi:10.17826/cumj.870432 google scholar
29. 29. Geniş B, Gürhan N, Koç, M, Geniş Ç, Şirin B, Çırakoğlu C, et al. Development of perception and attitude scales related with COVID-19 pandemia. Pearson J Soc Sci Humanit 2020;5(7): 30628. doi:10.46872/pj.12 google scholar
30. 30. Aldakhil H, Albedah N, Alturaiki N, Alajlan R, Abusalih H. Vaccine hesitancy towards childhood immunizations as a predictor of mothers’ intention to vaccinate their children against COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia. J. Infect. Public Health 2021;14(10):1497-504. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.08.028.36. google scholar
31. 31. Bektaş İ, Bektas M. The effects of parents’ vaccine hesitancy and COVID-19 vaccine literacy on attitudes toward vaccinating their children during the pandemic. J Pediatr Nurs 2023; 71:e70-e74 doi:10.1016/j.pedn.2023.04.016 google scholar
32. 32. Akarsu B, Canbay Özdemir D, Ayhan Baser D, Aksoy H, Fidancı İ, Cankurtaran M. While studies on COVID-19 vaccine is ongoing, the public’s thoughts and attitudes to the future COVID-19 vaccine. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(4):e13891. doi:10.1111/ijcp.13891 google scholar
33. 33. Al-khlaiwi T, Meo SA, Almousa HA, Almebki AA, Albawardy MK, Alshurafa HH, et al. National COVID-19 vaccine program and parent’s perception to vaccinate their children: A cross-sectional study. Vaccines 2022;10(2):168. doi: 10.3390/vaccines10020168. google scholar
34. 34. Al-Qerem W, Al Bawab AQ, Hammad A, Jaber T, Khdair SI, Kalloush H, et al. Parents’ attitudes, knowledge and practice towards vaccinating their children against COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022;18(5):2044257. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2044257 google scholar
35. 35. Humble RM, Sell H, Dube E, MacDonald NE, Robinson J, Driedger SM et al. Canadian parents’ perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination and intention to vaccinate their children: Results from a cross-sectional national survey. Vaccine 2021;39(52):7669-76. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.10.002 google scholar
36. 36. Davis CJ, Golding M, McKay R. Efficacy information influences intention to take COVID-19 vaccine. Br J Health Psychol 2022;27(2):300-19. doi:10.1111/bjhp.12546. google scholar
37. 37. Durmaz N, Suman M, Ersoy M, Örün, E. Parents’ attitudes toward childhood vaccines and COVID-19 vaccines in a Turkish pediatric outpatient population. Vaccines 2022;10:1958. doi:10.3390/ vaccines10111958 google scholar
38. 38. Baumann BM, Rodriguez RM, DeLaroche AM, Rayburn D, Eucker SA, Nadeau NL, et al. Factors associated with parental acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination: a multicenter pediatric emergency department crosssectional analysis. Ann Emerg Med 2022;80(2): 130-42. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2022.01.040. google scholar
39. 39. Dağlı E, Topkara, N. The effect of parents’ health literacy level on the attitudes and behaviors of childhood vaccinations. BSJ Health Science 2023;6(1):47-56. doi:10.19127/ bshealthscience.1167822. google scholar
40. 40. Kocamaz EB, Kocamaz, H. Awareness of Covid-19 and attitudes toward vaccination in parents of children between 0 and 18 years: A cross-sectional study. J Pediatr Nurs 2022;65:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.03.011. google scholar
41. 41. Dube E, Gagnon D, Ouakki M, Bettinger JA, Witteman HO, MacDonald S, et al. Measuring vaccine acceptance among Canadian parents: A survey of the Canadian immunization research network. Vaccine 2018;36(4):545-52. doi:10.1016/j. vaccine.2017.12.005. google scholar
42. 42. Goldman RD, Yan TD, Seiler M, Cotanda CP, Brown JC, Klein EJ, et al. Caregiver willingness to vaccinate their children against COVID-19: Cross sectional survey. Vaccine 2020;38(48):7668-73. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.084. google scholar
43. 43. Mohan R, Pandey V, Kumar A, Gangadevi P, Goel AD, Joseph J, et al. Acceptance and attitude of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccine for children: A cross-sectional study. Cureus 2022; 14:e24518. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24518 google scholar
44. 44. Yıldız Y, Telatar TG, Baykal M, Yurtsever BA, Yıldız İE. Evaluating vaccine rejection during COVID-19 pandemic. J DU Health Sci Inst 2021;11(2):200-05. doi:10.33631/duzcesbed google scholar
45. 45. Khubchandani J, Sharma S, Price JH, Wiblishauser MJ, Sharma M, Webb FJ. COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in the United States: A rapid national assessment. J Community Health 2021;6(2):270-77. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00958-x google scholar