Anafilaksi YAŞAMI tehdit eden acil bir durumdur, hızla tanı konulup tedavisine başlanmalıdır. Anafilaksi tedavi- sinde ilk seçenek adrenalindir; ölüm ve hastaneye yatışı önleyen tek ilaçtır. Anafilaksinin ne zaman ortaya çıkaca- ğı öngörülemediğinden tedavisi kadar önlenmesi de çok önemlidir. Bu nedenle anafilaksi geçiren ve anafilaksi riski yüksek olan bireylere adrenalin oto-enjektörleri AOE reçete edilmeli, hangi durumlarda ve nasıl kulla- nacakları hakkında bilgi verilmelidir. Genel olarak anafi- lakside adrenalin kullanımı, çocuklarda ve erişkinlerde, yetersiz kalmakta, AOE risk altındaki hastalarda düşük oranda reçetelenmektedir
Sampson hA, munoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. Second symposium on the definition and manage- ment of anaphylaxis: summary report-Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. Ann Emerg Med 2006;47(4):373-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.018
Rudders SA, Arias SA, Camargo CA Jr. Trends in hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis in US children, 2000-2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134(4):960-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.018
Lee S, hess Ep, Lohse C, Gilani W, Chamberlain Am, Campbell RL. Trends, characteristics, and inci- dence of anaphylaxis in 2001-2010: A population- based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;139(1):182- 188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.029
Calvani m, Cardinale F, martelli A, muraro A, pucci N, Savino F, et al. Risk factors for severe pedi- atric food anaphylaxis in Italy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;22(8):813-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01200.x
González-pérez A, Aponte Z, Vidaurre CF, Rodríguez LA. Anaphylaxis epidemiology in patients withand patients without asthma: a United Kingdom database review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(5): 1098-104.
Simons FER, Ardusso LRF, Bilo mB, El- Gamal ym, Ledford DK, Ring J et al. World Allergy Organization guidelines for the assessment and mana- gement of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:587-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038
Westfall TC. Adrenergic agonists and antagonists. In: Chabner BA, Brunton LL, Knollmann BC, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006: 215- 268.
muraro A, Roberts G, ClarkA, et al. The manage- ment of anaphylaxis in childhood: position paper of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Allergy 2007;62:857-71.
Soreide EB. Severe anaphylactic reactions outside hospital: etiology, symptoms and treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1988;32:339-42.
Simons FE, Roberts JR, Gu X, Simons KJ. Epinephrine absorption in children with a history of anaphylaxis. J Allergy ClinImmunol 1998;101(1 Pt 1):33-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70190-3
Simons FE, Gu X, Simons KJ. Epinephrine absorpti- on in adults: intramuscular versus subcutaneous injec- tion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108(5):871-3.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.119409
Lieberman p. Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;3:313-8.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013
Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones Sm, Sampson hA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: sum- mary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report. Nutr Res 2011;31(1):61-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.001
Kemp SF, Lockey RF, Simons FE. Epinephrine: the drug of choice for anaphylaxis. A statement of the World Allergy Organization. Allergy 2008;63(8):1061- 70.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01733.x
Simons KJ, Simons FER. Epinephrine and its use in anaphylaxis: current issues. CurrOpin Allergy ClinImmunol. 2010;10:354–361.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833bc670
Rudders SA, Banerji A, Corel B, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Multicenterstudy of repeat epinephrine treat- ments for food-related anaphylaxis. Pediatrics 2010;125(4):e711-8.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2832
Grossman SL, Baumann Bm, Garciape-a Bm, Linares my, Greenberg B, hernandez-Trujillo Vp. Anaphylaxis knowledge and practice preferences of pediatric emergency medicine physicians: a national survey. J Pediatr 2013;163(3):841-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.050
Simons FER, Gu X, Silver NA, Simons KJ. EpiPenJr versus EpiPen in young children weighing 15 to 30 kg at risk for anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:171-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01221.x
Larcan A, moneret-Vautrin DA. The use of adrenali- ne for thetreatment of anaphylaxis: the use by first-aid personnel is recommended. Presse Med 2013;42(6 Pt 1):922-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2012.11.012
Calamelli E, mattana F, Cipriani F, Ricci G. Management and treatment of anaphylaxis in children: still too low the rate of prescription and administration of intramuscular epinephrine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014;27(4):597-605.
https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320140270041
Robinson m, Greenhawt m, Stukus DR. Factors associated with epinephrine administration for anaph- ylaxis in children before arrival to the emergency department. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017;119 (2):164-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.06.001
Grouhi m, Alshehri m, hummel D, Roifman Cm. Anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector training: who will teach the teachers? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:190-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70134-X
Sicherer Sh, Forman JA, Noone SA. Use assessment of self-administered epinephrine among food-allergic children and pediatricians. Pediatrics 2000;105:359- 62.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.2.359
Campbell RL, Bellolio mF, Knutson BD, Bellamkonda VR, Fedko mG, Nestler Dm, et al. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: higher risk of cardiovascu- lar complications and overdose after administration of intravenous bolus epinephrine compared with intra- muscular epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:76-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.007
Gaeta JT, Clark S, pelletier AJ, Camargo CA. National study of US emergency department visits for acute allergic reactions, 1993 to 2004. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007;98:360-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60883-6
Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Agency. Adrenaline auto-injectors: a review of clinical and qua- lity considerations. 2014.
Fuzak JK, Trainor J. Comparison of the incidence, etiology, and management of anaphylaxis over time. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29(2):131-5.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e31828058cd
Turner pJ, Gowland mh, Sharma V, et al. Increase in anaphylaxis-related hospitalizations but noincrease in fatalities: an analysis of United Kingdom nationalan aphylaxis data, 1992-2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135(4):956-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.021
Diwakar L, Cummins C, Ryan R, marshall T, Roberts T. Prescription rates of adrenaline auto- injectors for children in UK general practice: a retros- pective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 2017;67(657):e300- e305.
https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17X689917
Topal E, Bakirtas A, yilmaz O, Ertoy Ih, Arga m, Demirsoy mS, et al. A real-life study on acquired skills from using an adrenaline autoinjector. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;160(3):301-6.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000341367
How Much We Know about the Use of Adrenaline in Anaphylaxis?
Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening, emergency clinic conditi- on, so it is essential to diagnose and treat anaphylaxis immediately. Adrenaline is the first choice in the treatment of anaphylaxis; it is the only drug that prevents death and hospitalization. It is also very important to prevent anaph- ylaxis as much as treatment, since it is not predictable when it will appear. Adrenaline auto-injectors AAI should be prescribed for individuals who have anaphylaxis and are at high risk for anaphylaxis, and they should be infor- med about when and how to use them. Generally, in adult and pediatric patients, administration of adrenaline in anaphylactic reactions is inadequate and AAI is prescribed at low rates for patients at risk of anaphylaxis
Sampson hA, munoz-Furlong A, Campbell RL, et al. Second symposium on the definition and manage- ment of anaphylaxis: summary report-Second National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease/Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Network symposium. Ann Emerg Med 2006;47(4):373-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2006.01.018
Rudders SA, Arias SA, Camargo CA Jr. Trends in hospitalizations for food-induced anaphylaxis in US children, 2000-2009. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134(4):960-2.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.06.018
Lee S, hess Ep, Lohse C, Gilani W, Chamberlain Am, Campbell RL. Trends, characteristics, and inci- dence of anaphylaxis in 2001-2010: A population- based study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2017;139(1):182- 188.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.029
Calvani m, Cardinale F, martelli A, muraro A, pucci N, Savino F, et al. Risk factors for severe pedi- atric food anaphylaxis in Italy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2011;22(8):813-9.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01200.x
González-pérez A, Aponte Z, Vidaurre CF, Rodríguez LA. Anaphylaxis epidemiology in patients withand patients without asthma: a United Kingdom database review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010;125(5): 1098-104.
Simons FER, Ardusso LRF, Bilo mB, El- Gamal ym, Ledford DK, Ring J et al. World Allergy Organization guidelines for the assessment and mana- gement of anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:587-93.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.038
Westfall TC. Adrenergic agonists and antagonists. In: Chabner BA, Brunton LL, Knollmann BC, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2006: 215- 268.
muraro A, Roberts G, ClarkA, et al. The manage- ment of anaphylaxis in childhood: position paper of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology Allergy 2007;62:857-71.
Soreide EB. Severe anaphylactic reactions outside hospital: etiology, symptoms and treatment. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1988;32:339-42.
Simons FE, Roberts JR, Gu X, Simons KJ. Epinephrine absorption in children with a history of anaphylaxis. J Allergy ClinImmunol 1998;101(1 Pt 1):33-7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(98)70190-3
Simons FE, Gu X, Simons KJ. Epinephrine absorpti- on in adults: intramuscular versus subcutaneous injec- tion. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108(5):871-3.
https://doi.org/10.1067/mai.2001.119409
Lieberman p. Use of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylaxis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2003;3:313-8.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00130832-200308000-00013
Boyce JA, Assa’ad A, Burks AW, Jones Sm, Sampson hA, Wood RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: sum- mary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report. Nutr Res 2011;31(1):61-75.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2011.01.001
Kemp SF, Lockey RF, Simons FE. Epinephrine: the drug of choice for anaphylaxis. A statement of the World Allergy Organization. Allergy 2008;63(8):1061- 70.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2008.01733.x
Simons KJ, Simons FER. Epinephrine and its use in anaphylaxis: current issues. CurrOpin Allergy ClinImmunol. 2010;10:354–361.
https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32833bc670
Rudders SA, Banerji A, Corel B, Clark S, Camargo CA Jr. Multicenterstudy of repeat epinephrine treat- ments for food-related anaphylaxis. Pediatrics 2010;125(4):e711-8.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2832
Grossman SL, Baumann Bm, Garciape-a Bm, Linares my, Greenberg B, hernandez-Trujillo Vp. Anaphylaxis knowledge and practice preferences of pediatric emergency medicine physicians: a national survey. J Pediatr 2013;163(3):841-6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.02.050
Simons FER, Gu X, Silver NA, Simons KJ. EpiPenJr versus EpiPen in young children weighing 15 to 30 kg at risk for anaphylaxis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2002;109:171-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.2011.01221.x
Larcan A, moneret-Vautrin DA. The use of adrenali- ne for thetreatment of anaphylaxis: the use by first-aid personnel is recommended. Presse Med 2013;42(6 Pt 1):922-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lpm.2012.11.012
Calamelli E, mattana F, Cipriani F, Ricci G. Management and treatment of anaphylaxis in children: still too low the rate of prescription and administration of intramuscular epinephrine. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2014;27(4):597-605.
https://doi.org/10.1177/03946320140270041
Robinson m, Greenhawt m, Stukus DR. Factors associated with epinephrine administration for anaph- ylaxis in children before arrival to the emergency department. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2017;119 (2):164-9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2017.06.001
Grouhi m, Alshehri m, hummel D, Roifman Cm. Anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector training: who will teach the teachers? J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:190-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70134-X
Sicherer Sh, Forman JA, Noone SA. Use assessment of self-administered epinephrine among food-allergic children and pediatricians. Pediatrics 2000;105:359- 62.
https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.105.2.359
Campbell RL, Bellolio mF, Knutson BD, Bellamkonda VR, Fedko mG, Nestler Dm, et al. Epinephrine in anaphylaxis: higher risk of cardiovascu- lar complications and overdose after administration of intravenous bolus epinephrine compared with intra- muscular epinephrine. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2015;3:76-80.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaip.2014.06.007
Gaeta JT, Clark S, pelletier AJ, Camargo CA. National study of US emergency department visits for acute allergic reactions, 1993 to 2004. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2007;98:360-5.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1081-1206(10)60883-6
Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Agency. Adrenaline auto-injectors: a review of clinical and qua- lity considerations. 2014.
Fuzak JK, Trainor J. Comparison of the incidence, etiology, and management of anaphylaxis over time. Pediatr Emerg Care 2013;29(2):131-5.
https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0b013e31828058cd
Turner pJ, Gowland mh, Sharma V, et al. Increase in anaphylaxis-related hospitalizations but noincrease in fatalities: an analysis of United Kingdom nationalan aphylaxis data, 1992-2012. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015;135(4):956-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2014.10.021
Diwakar L, Cummins C, Ryan R, marshall T, Roberts T. Prescription rates of adrenaline auto- injectors for children in UK general practice: a retros- pective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 2017;67(657):e300- e305.
https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17X689917
Topal E, Bakirtas A, yilmaz O, Ertoy Ih, Arga m, Demirsoy mS, et al. A real-life study on acquired skills from using an adrenaline autoinjector. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2013;160(3):301-6.
Sipahi, S., & Tamay, Z. Ü. (2017). Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?. Çocuk Dergisi, 17(4), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.139
AMA
Sipahi S, Tamay ZÜ. Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?. Çocuk Dergisi. October 2017;17(4):139-145. doi:10.5222/j.child.2017.139
Chicago
Sipahi, Sevgi, and Zeynep Ülker Tamay. “Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?”. Çocuk Dergisi 17, no. 4 (October 2017): 139-45. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.139.
EndNote
Sipahi S, Tamay ZÜ (October 1, 2017) Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?. Çocuk Dergisi 17 4 139–145.
IEEE
S. Sipahi and Z. Ü. Tamay, “Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?”, Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 139–145, 2017, doi: 10.5222/j.child.2017.139.
ISNAD
Sipahi, Sevgi - Tamay, Zeynep Ülker. “Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?”. Çocuk Dergisi 17/4 (October 2017), 139-145. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.139.
JAMA
Sipahi S, Tamay ZÜ. Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?. Çocuk Dergisi. 2017;17:139–145.
MLA
Sipahi, Sevgi and Zeynep Ülker Tamay. “Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?”. Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 4, 2017, pp. 139-45, doi:10.5222/j.child.2017.139.
Vancouver
Sipahi S, Tamay ZÜ. Anafilakside Adrenalin Kullanımı: Ne Kadar Biliniyor?. Çocuk Dergisi. 2017;17(4):139-45.