Amaç: D vitamininin kas-iskelet sistemi, immun sistem ve daha birçok mekanizma ile; B12 vitamininin ise özellikle nörokognitif fonksiyonlar olmak üzere yine çeşitli mekanizmalarla insan sağlığı üzerine önemli etkileri olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu yüzden hızlı gelişim ve değişim dönemi olan ergenlikte bu vitamin düzeylerinin istenilen sınırlar içerisinde olması önemlidir. Bu çalışmamızda amacımız ergenlerde D ve B12 vitamin düzeylerini değerlendirmekti.Gereç ve Yӧntem: İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi Ergen Sağlığı Bilim Dalı polikliniğine Ocak-Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında nonspesifik yakınmalarla ya da kontrol amaçlı başvuran 10-20 yaş arası ergenlerin dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Serum 25 hidroksi D 25OHD vitamin düzeyi n=187 ve serum B12 düzeyi n=219 ölçülmüş olan hastaların dosyaları değerlendirmeye alındı. Bulgular: Ergenlerin %56’sında serum 25OHD vitamin
Jääskeläinen t, Knekt P, marniemi J, Sares-Jäske l, männistö S, Heliövaara m, Järvinen R. Vitamin D status is associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and metabolic health. Eur J Nutr 2013;52(2): 513-25.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0354-0
Fayet F, Flood V, Petocz P, Samman S. Avoidance of meat and poultry decreases intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, selenium and zinc in young women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014;27 Suppl 2:135-42.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12092
Seamans Km, Cashman KD. Existing and potentially novel functional markers of vitamin D status: a syste- matic review. Am J Clin Nut 2009;89(6):1997-2008.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230D
lanske B, Densmore mJ, Erben RG. Vitamin D endocrine system and osteocytes. Bonekey Rep 2014; 3:494.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2013.228
Webb aR, Kline l, Holick mF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;67(2):373-8.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-67-2-373
Burgaz a, akesson a, Oster a, michaëlsson K, Wolk A. Associations of diet, supplement use, and ultraviolet B radiation exposure with vitamin D status in Swedish women during winter. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(5):1399-404.
Stagi S, Cavalli L, ıurato C, Seminara S, Brandi ml, de martino m. Bone metabolism in children and adolescents: main characteristics of the determinants of peak bone mass. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2013;10(3):172-9.
Korf H, Decallonne B, mathieu C. Vitamin D for infections. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2014;21(6):431-6.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000108
thomson Rl, Spedding S, Buckley JD. Vitamin D in the etiology and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77(3):343-50.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x
Hahn S, Haselhorst U, Tan S, Quadbeck B, Schmidt m, Roesler S, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006;114(10):577-83.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-948308
Pal L, Shu J, zeitlian G, Hickmon C. Vitamin D insufficiency in reproductive years may be contributory to ovulatory infertility and PCOS. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:S14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.382
Pludowski P, Holick mF, Pilz S, Wagner Cl, Hollis BW, Grant WB, et al. Vitamin D effects on musculos- keletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2013;12(10):976-89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004
Souberbille JC, Body JJ, lappe Jm, Plebani m, Shoenfeld Y, Wang tJ, et al. Vitamin D and muscu- loskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev 2010;9(11):709-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.009
Wang SS, Hon Kl, Kong aP, Pong HN, Wong GW, Leung TF. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diagnosis and severity of childhood atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014;25(1):30-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12167
Boonpiyathad T, Pradubpongsa P, Sangasapaviriya A. Vitamin D supplements improve urticaria symptoms and quality of life in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Dermato- Endocrinology 2014;6(1):e29727.
Shils mE. Vitamin B12 ‘Cobalamin’. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins 1999; 447-1.
Healton EB, Savage DG, Brust JCm, Garrett tJ, Lindenbaum J. Neurologic aspects of cobalamin defi- ciency. Medicine (Baltimore) 1991;70:229-45.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-199107000-00001
Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Jeffries NO, Castellanos FX, Liu H, zijdenbos A, et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci 1999, pp. 861-863.
https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
Craik Fı, Bialystok E. Cognition through the lifespan: mechanisms of change. Trends Cogn Sci 2006;10(3): 131-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.007
Herbert V. Vitamin B12; plant sources, requirements and assay. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:852-8.
andıran N, Çelik N, akça H, Doğan G. Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012;4(1):25-9.
https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.574
Choi DP, Oh Sm, lee J-m, Cho Hm, lee WJ, Song Bm, et al. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and insulin resistance in apparently healthy adolescents. PLoS ONE 2014;9(7):e103108.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103108
Ginde aa, liu mC, Camargo Ca. Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169(6):626-32.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.604
Rajakumar K, Fernstrom JD, Holick mF, Janosky JE, Greenspan SL. Vitamin D status and response to Vitamin D(3) in obese vs. non-obese African American children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16(1):90-5.
https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.23
Currie, C, Zanotti, C, morgan, a, et al. Social deter- minants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International Report From the 2009/2010 sur- vey. WHO Regional Office for Europe, (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6), Copenhagen; 2012.
Oberg J, Jorde R, almås B, Emaus N, Grimnes G. Vitamin D deficiency and lifestyle risk factors in a Norwegian adolescent population. Scand J Public Health 2014;42(7):593-602.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494814541593
Shah tH, Hassan m, Siddiqui tS. Subclinical nutri- tional rickets among adolescents in Kaghan Valley. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014;24(9):663-5.
Karagüzel G, Dilber B, Çan G, Ökten a, Değer O, Holick mF. Seasonal vitamin D status of healthy scho- olchildren and predictors of low vitamin D status. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58(5):654-60.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000274
torun E, Genç H, Gönüllü E, akovalı B, Ozgen ıt. The clinical and biochemical presentation of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adoles- cents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013;26(5-6):469- 75.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0245
Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Recommended vitamin D intake and management of low vitamin D status in adolescents: a position state- mentof the society for adolescent health and medicine. J Adolesc Health 2013;52(6):801-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.022
Dror Dk, Allen LH. Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutriti- onal contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2014;72(2):68-81.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12078
kapil U, Bhadoria AS. Prevalence of folate, ferritin and cobalamin deficiencies amongst adolescent in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2014;3(3):247-9.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.141619
Prevelance of Vitamin D and B12 Deficiency in Adolescence
Objective: Current guidelines recommend vitamin D supplementation during the adolescence period. Studies showed that the deficiencies of vitamins D and B12 are common in children in developing countries. On the other hand it is important to have optimum levels of vitamin D and B12 during the puberty. This study aims to evaluate the vitamin D and vitamin B12 levels of adolescents admitted to the outpatient department.Material and Method: The study was carried out in the Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Adolescent Health outpatient clinic between January to December 2014. The records of the adolescents aged 10-20 years were analyzed retrospectively. Of 187 adolescents were evaluated for vitamin 25 OH D and 219 were evaluated for vitamin B12.Results: Of 187 adolescents 56% had 25-OH vitamin D level ≤20 ng/ml, and 36% between 20-30 ng/ml. There were no statistically significant difference between genders or months in a year. Serum vitamin B12 levels were below the optimal level
Jääskeläinen t, Knekt P, marniemi J, Sares-Jäske l, männistö S, Heliövaara m, Järvinen R. Vitamin D status is associated with sociodemographic factors, lifestyle and metabolic health. Eur J Nutr 2013;52(2): 513-25.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0354-0
Fayet F, Flood V, Petocz P, Samman S. Avoidance of meat and poultry decreases intakes of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12, selenium and zinc in young women. J Hum Nutr Diet 2014;27 Suppl 2:135-42.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12092
Seamans Km, Cashman KD. Existing and potentially novel functional markers of vitamin D status: a syste- matic review. Am J Clin Nut 2009;89(6):1997-2008.
https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230D
lanske B, Densmore mJ, Erben RG. Vitamin D endocrine system and osteocytes. Bonekey Rep 2014; 3:494.
https://doi.org/10.1038/bonekey.2013.228
Webb aR, Kline l, Holick mF. Influence of season and latitude on the cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3: exposure to winter sunlight in Boston and Edmonton will not promote vitamin D3 synthesis in human skin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988;67(2):373-8.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-67-2-373
Burgaz a, akesson a, Oster a, michaëlsson K, Wolk A. Associations of diet, supplement use, and ultraviolet B radiation exposure with vitamin D status in Swedish women during winter. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86(5):1399-404.
Stagi S, Cavalli L, ıurato C, Seminara S, Brandi ml, de martino m. Bone metabolism in children and adolescents: main characteristics of the determinants of peak bone mass. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab 2013;10(3):172-9.
Korf H, Decallonne B, mathieu C. Vitamin D for infections. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2014;21(6):431-6.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000108
thomson Rl, Spedding S, Buckley JD. Vitamin D in the etiology and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012;77(3):343-50.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04434.x
Hahn S, Haselhorst U, Tan S, Quadbeck B, Schmidt m, Roesler S, et al. Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with insulin resistance and obesity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006;114(10):577-83.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-948308
Pal L, Shu J, zeitlian G, Hickmon C. Vitamin D insufficiency in reproductive years may be contributory to ovulatory infertility and PCOS. Fertil Steril 2008; 90:S14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.07.382
Pludowski P, Holick mF, Pilz S, Wagner Cl, Hollis BW, Grant WB, et al. Vitamin D effects on musculos- keletal health, immunity, autoimmunity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, fertility, pregnancy, dementia and mortality-a review of recent evidence. Autoimmun Rev 2013;12(10):976-89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2013.02.004
Souberbille JC, Body JJ, lappe Jm, Plebani m, Shoenfeld Y, Wang tJ, et al. Vitamin D and muscu- loskeletal health, cardiovascular disease, autoimmunity and cancer: Recommendations for clinical practice. Autoimmun Rev 2010;9(11):709-15.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2010.06.009
Wang SS, Hon Kl, Kong aP, Pong HN, Wong GW, Leung TF. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with diagnosis and severity of childhood atopic dermatitis. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2014;25(1):30-5.
https://doi.org/10.1111/pai.12167
Boonpiyathad T, Pradubpongsa P, Sangasapaviriya A. Vitamin D supplements improve urticaria symptoms and quality of life in chronic spontaneous urticaria patients: A Prospective Case-Control Study. Dermato- Endocrinology 2014;6(1):e29727.
Shils mE. Vitamin B12 ‘Cobalamin’. In: Shils ME, Olson JA, Shike M, Ross AC, eds. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams&Wilkins 1999; 447-1.
Healton EB, Savage DG, Brust JCm, Garrett tJ, Lindenbaum J. Neurologic aspects of cobalamin defi- ciency. Medicine (Baltimore) 1991;70:229-45.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-199107000-00001
Giedd JN, Blumenthal J, Jeffries NO, Castellanos FX, Liu H, zijdenbos A, et al. Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study. Nat Neurosci 1999, pp. 861-863.
https://doi.org/10.1038/13158
Craik Fı, Bialystok E. Cognition through the lifespan: mechanisms of change. Trends Cogn Sci 2006;10(3): 131-8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.007
Herbert V. Vitamin B12; plant sources, requirements and assay. Am J Clin Nutr 1988;48:852-8.
andıran N, Çelik N, akça H, Doğan G. Vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2012;4(1):25-9.
https://doi.org/10.4274/jcrpe.574
Choi DP, Oh Sm, lee J-m, Cho Hm, lee WJ, Song Bm, et al. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and insulin resistance in apparently healthy adolescents. PLoS ONE 2014;9(7):e103108.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103108
Ginde aa, liu mC, Camargo Ca. Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med 2009; 169(6):626-32.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2008.604
Rajakumar K, Fernstrom JD, Holick mF, Janosky JE, Greenspan SL. Vitamin D status and response to Vitamin D(3) in obese vs. non-obese African American children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008;16(1):90-5.
https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2007.23
Currie, C, Zanotti, C, morgan, a, et al. Social deter- minants of health and well-being among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: International Report From the 2009/2010 sur- vey. WHO Regional Office for Europe, (Health Policy for Children and Adolescents, No. 6), Copenhagen; 2012.
Oberg J, Jorde R, almås B, Emaus N, Grimnes G. Vitamin D deficiency and lifestyle risk factors in a Norwegian adolescent population. Scand J Public Health 2014;42(7):593-602.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494814541593
Shah tH, Hassan m, Siddiqui tS. Subclinical nutri- tional rickets among adolescents in Kaghan Valley. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2014;24(9):663-5.
Karagüzel G, Dilber B, Çan G, Ökten a, Değer O, Holick mF. Seasonal vitamin D status of healthy scho- olchildren and predictors of low vitamin D status. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014;58(5):654-60.
https://doi.org/10.1097/MPG.0000000000000274
torun E, Genç H, Gönüllü E, akovalı B, Ozgen ıt. The clinical and biochemical presentation of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in children and adoles- cents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2013;26(5-6):469- 75.
https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2012-0245
Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Recommended vitamin D intake and management of low vitamin D status in adolescents: a position state- mentof the society for adolescent health and medicine. J Adolesc Health 2013;52(6):801-3.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.03.022
Dror Dk, Allen LH. Dairy product intake in children and adolescents in developed countries: trends, nutriti- onal contribution, and a review of association with health outcomes. Nutr Rev 2014;72(2):68-81.
https://doi.org/10.1111/nure.12078
kapil U, Bhadoria AS. Prevalence of folate, ferritin and cobalamin deficiencies amongst adolescent in India. J Family Med Prim Care 2014;3(3):247-9.
Yetim, A., Tıkız, C., & Baş, F. (2017). Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı. Çocuk Dergisi, 17(1), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.024
AMA
Yetim A, Tıkız C, Baş F. Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı. Çocuk Dergisi. January 2017;17(1):24-29. doi:10.5222/j.child.2017.024
Chicago
Yetim, Aylin, Ceyhun Tıkız, and Firdevs Baş. “Ergenlik Döneminde D Ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı”. Çocuk Dergisi 17, no. 1 (January 2017): 24-29. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.024.
EndNote
Yetim A, Tıkız C, Baş F (January 1, 2017) Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı. Çocuk Dergisi 17 1 24–29.
IEEE
A. Yetim, C. Tıkız, and F. Baş, “Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı”, Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 24–29, 2017, doi: 10.5222/j.child.2017.024.
ISNAD
Yetim, Aylin et al. “Ergenlik Döneminde D Ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı”. Çocuk Dergisi 17/1 (January 2017), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2017.024.
JAMA
Yetim A, Tıkız C, Baş F. Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı. Çocuk Dergisi. 2017;17:24–29.
MLA
Yetim, Aylin et al. “Ergenlik Döneminde D Ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı”. Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 17, no. 1, 2017, pp. 24-29, doi:10.5222/j.child.2017.024.
Vancouver
Yetim A, Tıkız C, Baş F. Ergenlik Döneminde D ve B12 Vitamin Eksikliklerinin Sıklığı. Çocuk Dergisi. 2017;17(1):24-9.