Grup B Meningokok Enfeksiyonları ve Aşılama

Year 2019, Volume: 19 Issue: 3, 116 - 123, 01.10.2019

Özge Kaba Ayper Somer

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2019.06926

Abstract

Dünyanın heryerinde endemi ve epidemilere neden olan meningokokal enfeksiyonlar, saatler içerisinde mortalite ile sonuçlanan tablolara yol açabilir. Coğrafi özellikler, konak faktörü, mikroorganimanın serogrubu gibi faktörler seyri etkilemektedir. Edinilen sürveyans verilerine göre epidemilere en sık neden olan serogruplar A, B, C, W135 ve Y olarak belirlenmiştir. Bunun üzerine geliştirilen A, C, W135 ve Y serogruplarını içeren yeni meningokok aşıları ile tüm dünyada bu serogrupların görülme oranı belirgin olarak azalma göstermiştir. Ülkemizde ise bağışıklama programının Hib ve pnömokok aşılarının eklenmesiyle zenginleştirilmesinden sonra meningokokal hastalıklar çarpıcı bir şekilde kendini göstermiştir. Ön planda olduğu görülen serogrup B’ye karşı korunmanın yolları aranmış ve son dönemde ters vaksinoloji yöntemiyle serogrup B aşısı 4CMenB geliştirilmiştir

Keywords

Meningokok B, invazif meningokokal hastalık, çocukluk çağı, aşılama

Group B Meningococcal Infections and Vaccination

Abstract

Meningococcal infections leading to endemics and epidemics all over the world can lead to mortality resulting in hours. Factors such as geographical characteristics, host factors, serogroup of microorganism affect the course. According to the surveillance data, serogroups A, B, C, W135 and Y were the most common causes of epidemics. With the new meningococcal vaccines including serogroups A, C, W135 and Y, the incidence of these serogroups decreased significantly all over the world. In our country, meningococcal diseases have been striking after the immunization program has been enriched with the addition of Hib and pneumococcal vaccines. Protection against serogroup B, which appears to be in the forefront, has been sought and recently, serogroup B vaccine 4CMenB has been developed by reverse vaccination method.

Keywords

Meningococcus B, invazive meningococcal disease, childhood, vaccination

References

• 1. Pace D, Pollard AJ. Meningococcal disease: Clinical presentation and sequele. Vaccine 2012;305:3-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.062
• 2. Jafri RZ, Ali A, Messonnier NE, Tevi-Benissan C, Durrheim D, Eskola J, et al. Global epidemiology of invasive meningococcal disease. Popul Health Metr 2013 Sep 10;11(1):17. https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-11-17
• 3. Muttalif AR, Presa JV, Haridy H, Gamil A, Serra LC, Cané A. Incidence and Prevention of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Global Mass Gathering Events. Infect Dis Ther. 2019 Aug 30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-019-00262-9
• 4. Vespa Presa J, Abalos MG, Sini de Almeida R, Cane A. Epidemiological burden of meningococcal disease in Latin America: A systematic literature review. Int J Infect Dis. 2019 Aug; 85:37-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2019.05.006
• 5. Edmond K, Clark A, Korczak VS, Sanderson C, Griffiths UK, Rudan I. Global and regional risk of disabling sequelae from bacterial meningitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2010;10(5):317- 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(10)70048-7
• 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal home. Meningococcal disease in other countries. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/global.html).
• 7. Adams DA, Thomas KR, Jajosky RA, Foster L, Sharp P, Onweh DH, et al. Summary of Notifiable Infectious Diseases and Conditions - United States, 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2016;63:1. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6354a1
• 8. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Meningococcal home. Surveillance.Surveillance Data Tables. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at https://www.cdc.gov/meningococcal/surveillance/ surveillance-data.html#figure02)
• 9. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Expert opinion on the introduction of the meningococcal B (4CMenB) vaccine in the EU/EEA. Stockholm: ECDC; 2017.
• 10. Ceyhan M, Yildirim I, Balmer P, Borrow R, Dikici B, Turgut M, et al. A prospective study of etiology of childhood acute bacterial meningitis, Turkey. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008;14:1089-96.
• 11. Ceyhan M, Ozsurekci Y, Gürler N, Karadag Oncel E, Camcioglu Y, Salman N, et al. Bacterial agents causing meningitis during 2013-2014 in Turkey:A multi-center hospital-based prospective surveillance study. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016 Nov;12(11):2940-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1209278
• 12. Marshall GS, Dempsey AF, Srivastava A, Isturiz RE. US College Students Are at Increased Risk for Serogroup B Meningococcal Disease. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2019 May 11. pii: piz024. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piz024
• 13. MacNeil JR, Blain AE, Wang X, Cohn AC. Current Epidemiology and Trends in Meningococcal DiseaseUnited States, 1996-2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;66(8):1276-81. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix993
• 14. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Surveillance Atlas of Infectious Diseases. Invasive Meningococcal Disease. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at: https://atlas.ecdc.europa.eu/public/index.aspx?Dataset=27&FixDataset=1).
• 15. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Invasive meningococcal disease. In: ECDC. Annual epidemiological report for 2017. Stockholm: ECDC; 2019.
• 16. World Health Organization. Health Topics. Meningitidis. Serogroup distribution of invasive meningococcal disease, 2018. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/meningitis/serogroup-distribution-2018.pdf).
• 17. Berkman E, Özben G. Meningococcic meningitis epidemic in Ankara. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1982;16:101-6.
• 18. Berkman E, Özben G, İlhan O. A meningococcal epidemic in Ankara. Mikrobiyol Bul. 1977;11:256-66.
• 19. Tuncer AM, Gür I, Ulya E. One daily ceftriaxone for meningococcemia and meningococcal meningitis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1988; 7: 711-3. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006454-198810000-00009
• 20. Elmastas H, Narin N, Olcer N. Meningokoksemide epidemiyoloji. Klinik Pediatri 1992;1:58-61.
• 21. Ceyhan M, Gürler N, Ozsurekci Y, Keser M, Aycan AE, Gurbuz V, et al. Meningitis caused by Neisseria Meningitidis, Hemophilus Influenzae Type B and Streptococcus pneumoniae during 2005-2012 in Turkey. A multicenter prospective surveillance study. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(9):2706-12. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.29678
• 22. T. C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Meningokok Sürveyans Verileri, 2018
• 23. Cohn AC, MacNeil JR, Clark TA, et al. Prevention and Control of Meningococcal Disease Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR 2013;62:1-28.
• 24. Neal KR, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Jeffrey N, Slack RC, Madeley RJ, Ait-Tahar K, et al. Changing carriage rate of Neisseria meningitidis among university students during the first week of term: cross sectional study. BMJ 2000;320:846. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.320.7238.846
• 25. Ercis S, Köseoğlu O, Salmanzadeh-Ahrabi S, Ercis M, Akin L, Hasçelik C. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal Neisseria meningitidis carriage, serogroup distribution, and antibiotic resistance among healthy children in Cankaya municipality schools of Ankara province. Mikrobiyol Bul 2005;39:411-20.
• 26. Gazi H, Surucuoglu S, Ozbakkaloglu B, Akcali S, Ozkutuk N, Degerli K, et al. Oropharyngeal carriage and penicillin resistance of Neisseria meningitidis in primary school children in Manisa, Turkey. Ann Acad Med Singapore 2004; 33:758-62.
• 27. Tekin RT, Dinleyici EC, Ceyhan M, Karbuz A, Salman N, Sutçu M, et al. The prevalence, serogroup distribution and risk factors of meningococcal carriage in adolescents and young adults in Turkey. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017 May 4;13(5):1182-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2016.1268304
• 28. Çelebi S. Bakteriyel Menenjitte Epidemiyoloji, Korunma ve Meningokok Serogrup B Enfeksiyonu. J Pediatr Inf 2014; 8: 33-9.
• 29. American Academy of Pediatrics. Meningococcal infections. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2018 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 31st ed. Itasca, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018: p.550-561.
• 30. Robinson JL. Update on invasive meningococcal vaccination for Canadian children and youth. Paediatr Child Health. 2018 Feb;23(1):e1-e4. https://doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxx162
• 31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immunization Schedules. For Health Care Providers. Child and Adolescent Immunization Schedule(birth through 18 years) (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/ hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html).
• 32. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Vaccine Scheduler. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at: https://vaccine-schedule.ecdc.europa. eu/)
• 33. Wilkins AL, Snape MD. Emerging clinical experience with vaccines against group B meningococcal disease. Vaccine 2018 Aug 28;36(36):5470-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.056
• 34. Pérez Rodríguez A, Dickinson Meneses F, Rodríguez Ortega M. Effectiveness of the anti-meningococcal vaccine VA-MENGO-BC in the first year of life of Cuban children, 1997-2008. Rev Cubana Med Trop 2011 May
• 35. Harrison LH. Vaccines for prevention of group B meningococcal disease: Not your father’s vaccines. Vaccine 2015 Nov 27;33 Suppl 4:D32-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.05.101
• 36. Ladhani SN, Giuliani MM, Biolchi A, Pizza M, Beebeejaun K, Lucidarme J, Findlow J, Ramsay ME, Borrow R. Effectiveness of Meningococcal B Vaccine against Endemic Hypervirulent Neisseria meningitidis W Strain, England. Emerg Infect Dis 2016 Feb;22(2):309-11. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2202.150369
• 37. De Serres G, Billard MN, Gariépy MC, Rouleau I, Toth E, Landry M, Boulianne N, Gagné H, Gilca V, Deceuninck G, Ouakki M, Skowronski DM. Short-term safety of 4CMenB vaccine during a mass meningococcal B vaccination campaign in Quebec, Canada. Vaccine 2018 Dec 18;36(52):8039-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.095
• 38. European Medicines Agency. Medicines. Human medicine European public assessment report (EPAR):Bexsero. Product İnformation. (Accessed November 12, 2019, available at: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/bexsero-epar-productinformation_en.pdf).
• 39. Vesikari T, Esposito S, Prymula R, Ypma E, Kohl I, Toneatto D, et al. EU Meningococcal B Infant Vaccine Study group. Immunogenicity and safety of an investigational multicomponent, recombinant, meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) administered concomitantly with routine infant and child vaccinations: results of two randomised trials. Lancet 2013 Mar 9;381(9869):825-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61961-8
• 40. Gossger N, Snape MD, Yu LM, Finn A, Bona G, Esposito S, et al. European MenB Vaccine Study Group. Immunogenicity and tolerability of recombinant serogroup B meningococcal vaccine administered with or without routine infant vaccinations according to different immunization schedules: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2012 Feb 8;307(6):573-82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.85
• 41. Martinón-Torres F, Carmona Martinez A, Simkó R, Infante Marquez P, Arimany JL, Gimenez-Sanchez F, et al. Antibody persistence and booster responses 24-36 months after different 4CMenB vaccination schedules in infants and children: A randomised trial. J Infect. 2018 Mar;76(3):258-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2017.12.005
• 42. Biolchi A, Tomei S, Santini L, Welsch JA, Toneatto D, Gaitatzis N, et al. Evaluation of strain coverage of the multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine (4CMenB) administered in infants according to different immunisation schedules. Hum Vaccin Immunother.
• 43. Santolaya ME, O’Ryan ML, Valenzuela MT, Prado V, Vergara R, Muñoz A, et al. V72P10 Meningococcal B Adolescent Vaccine Study group. Immunogenicity and tolerability of a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B (4CMenB) vaccine in healthy adolescents in Chile: a phase 2b/3 randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study. Lancet 2012 Feb 18;379(9816):617-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61713-3
• 44. Santolaya ME, O’Ryan M, Valenzuela MT, Prado V, Vergara RF, Muñoz A, et al. Persistence of antibodies in adolescents 18-24 months after immunization with one, two, or three doses of 4CMenB meningococcal serogroup B vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2013 Nov;9(11):2304-10. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.25505
• 45. Prymula R, Esposito S, Zuccotti GV, Xie F, Barone M, Dull PM, et al. A phase 2 randomized controlled trial of a multicomponent meningococcal serogroup B vaccine, 4CMenB, in infants (II). Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2014;10(7):2005-14. https://doi.org/10.4161/hv.28666