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Tüberkülin Cilt Testi

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 6 - 12, 01.01.2010

Gülbin Gökçay

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2010.006

Abstract

TCT Latent tüberküloz enfeksiyonu- nun çocuklarda saptanmasında önemli bir tarama aracı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Ancak uygulanmasında ve yorum- lanmasında çeşitli tartışmalar süregelmektedir. Bu yazıda PPD olarak da bilinen TCT konusundaki güncel çalışma- lar ve öneriler değerlendirilmiştir

Keywords

Tüberkülin cilt testi çocuklar BCG aşısı

References

  • 1. Pediatric Tuberculosis Collaborative Group. Targeted tuberculin skin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:1175-201.
  • 2. Gökçay G, Neyzi O, Bulut A. Sosyal Pediatri. In: Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T; eds. Pediatri ed. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2002: 35-71.
  • 3. Koçoğlu F, Yücel B, Uysal M, Mandı M. BCG’li çocuklar üzerinde yıllık enfeksiyon riski hesabı. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 1995; 43:7-12.
  • 4. Bozkanat E, Çiftçi F, Apaydın M ve ark. İstanbul il merkezindeki bir askeri okulda tüberkülin cilt testi. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 2005;53(1):39-49.
  • 5. Huebner RE, Schein MF, Bass JB. The tuberculin skin test Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17:968-75.
  • 6. Sbarbaro JA. Skin test antigens: an evaluation whose time has come. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 118:1-5.
  • 7. Department of Health 1996 Immunisation against Infectious Disease HMSO, 1996, London.
  • 8. Toivgoogiin A, Toyota M, Yasuda N, Ohara H. Validity of using tuberculin skin test erythema measurement for contact investigation during a tuberculous outbreak in school children previously vaccinated with BCG. J Epidemiol 2005; 15:56- 64.
  • 9. Bouros D, Zeros, Panaretos C et al. Palpation vs pen method for the measurement of tuberculin reaction (Mantoux test) Chest 1991; 99:416-9.
  • 10. Cheng TL, Ottolini MC, Baumhaft K, et al. Strategies to increase adherence with tuberculosis test reading in a highrisk population. Pediatrics 1997; 100:210-3.
  • 11. Carter ER, Lee CM. Interpretation of the tuberculin skin test reaction by pediatric providers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:200-3.
  • 12. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Verem Savaşı Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye’de Tüberküloz Kontrolü İçin Başvuru Kitabı. Rekmay Limited Şirketi, Ankara, 2003.
  • 13. American Thoracic Society. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:S221-47.
  • 14. Menzies D. What does tuberculin reactivity after bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination tell us. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:S71-4.
  • 15. Thompson NJ, Glassroth JL, Snider DE, Farer LS. The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1979; 119:587-97.
  • 16. Soysal A. BCG Aşılı Sağlıklı Çocuklarda Tüberkülin Deri Testi Takipleri ve Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi [Tez], İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 1998.
  • 17. Starke JR, Jacobs RF, Jereb J. Resurgence of tuberculosis in children. J Pediatr 1992; 120:839-55.
  • 18. Steiner P, Rao M, Victoria MS, et al. Persistently negative tuberculin reactions: their presence among children with culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculin negative tuberculosis) Am J Dis Child 1980; 134:747-50.
  • 19. Mahadevan B, Mahadevan S, Serane VT, Narasimhan R. Tuberculin reactivity in tuberculous meningitis. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72:213-5.
  • 20. Starr S, Berkovich S. Effects of measles, gamma-globulinmodified measles and vaccine measles on the tuberculin test. N Engl J Med 1964; 270:386-91.
  • 21. Belsey MA. Tuberculosis and varicella infections in children. Am J Dis Child 1967; 113:444-8.
  • 22. Berkovich S, Starr S. Effects of live type 1 poliovirus vaccine and other viruses on the tuberculin test. N Engl J Med 1966; 27:67-72.
  • 23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immmunization . Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1994; 43(RR-1):1-38.
  • 24. Kupers TA, Petrich JM, Holloway AW, St Geme JW. Depression of tuberculin delayed hypersensitivity by live attenuated mumps virus. J Pediatr 1970; 76:716-21.
  • 25. Berkovich S, Fikrig S, Brunell PA, et al. Effect of live attenuated mumps vaccine virus on the expression of tuberculin sensitivity. J Pediatr 1972; 80:84-7.
  • 26. Berkovich S, Steiner P, Steiner M. Live rubella virus vaccine in tuberculous children. Am J Dis Child 1969; 118:252-7.
  • 27. Brickman HF, Beaudry PH, Marks MI. The timing of tuberculin test in relation to immunization with live viral vaccines. Pediatrics 1975; 55:392-6.
  • 28. MacGregor RR, Shaegren JN, Lipsett MB, Wolff SM. Alternate-day prednisone therapy. Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses, control of disease and steroid side effects. N Eng J Med 1969; 280:1427-31.
  • 29. Schatz M, Patterson R, Kloner R, Falk J. The prevalance of tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests in a steroidtreated asthmatic population. Ann Intern Med 1976; 84:261-5.
  • 30. Mohr JA, Killebrew L, Muchmore HG, Felton F, Rhoades ER. Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity. The role of blood transfusion in humans JAMA 1969; 207:517-9.
  • 31. Lalvani A, Pathan AA, Durkan H et al. Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells. Lancet. 2001; 357:2017-21.
  • 32. Saiman L, San Gabriel P, Schulte J, et al. Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among children in New York City. Pediatrics 2001; 107:999-1003.
  • 33. Almeida LM, Barbieri MA, Da Paixao AC, Cuevas LE. Use of purified protein derivative to assess the risk of infection in children in close contact with adults with tuberculosis in a population with Calmette Guerin bacillus coverage. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:1061-5.
  • 34. Mudido PM, Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto MK et al. The effect of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination at birth on tuberculin skin test reactivity in Ugandan children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:891-5.
  • 35. Lockman S, Tappero JW, Kenyon TA, et al. Tuberculin reactivity ın a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:23-30.
  • 36. Fine PE, Bruce J, Ponnighaus JM, Nkhosa P, Harawa A, Vynnycky E. Tuberculin sensitivity: conversion and reversions in a rural African population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:962-75.
  • 37. Tanzania Tuberculin Survey Collaboration. Tuberculosis control in the era of the HIV epidemic: Risk of tuberculosis infection ın Tanzania, 1983-1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001; 5:103-12.
  • 38. American Academy of Pediatrics. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK. Ed. Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 25th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003: 642-660.
  • 39. Karallıedde S, Katugaha LP, Uragoda CG. Tuberculin response of Sri Lankan Children after BCG vaccination at birth Tubercle 1987; 68:33-8.
  • 40. Leung CC, Yew WW, Tam CM, et al. Tuberculin response in BCG vaccinated schoolchildren and the estimation of annual risk of infection in Hong Kong. Thorax 2005; 60:124-9.
  • 41. Chee CB, Soh CH, Boudville IC, Chor SS, Wang YT. Interpretation of the tuberculin skin test in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated Singaporean schoolchildren. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:958-61.
  • 42. Gökçay G, Partalcı A, Baş F, Neyzi O. Tuberculin reactivity in young children following neonatal BCG vaccination. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2000; 40:51-2.
  • 43. Anon. Tuberculin skin test survey in a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage: Botswana, 1996. MMWR 1997; 46:846-51.
  • 44. Ormerod LP. Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations of the Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1990; 45:403-8.
  • 45. Soren K, Saiman L, Irıgoven M, et al. Evaluation of household contacts of children with positive tuberculin skin tests. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:949-55.
  • 46. Chadha VK, Jaganath PS, Kumar P. Tuberculin sensitivity among children vaccinated with BCG under universal immunization progamme. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71(12):1063-8.
  • 47. Kassimi FA, Abdullan AK, Al-Orainey IO, et al. The significance of positive Mantoux reactions in BCG-vaccinated children. Tubercle 1991; 72:101-4.
  • 48. Wang L, Turner MO, Elwood RK, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination on tuberculin skin test measurements. Thorax 2002; 57:804-9.
  • 49. Uçan ES, Sevinç C, Abadoğdu Ö, ve ark. Tüberkülin testi sonuçlarının yorumlanması ülkemiz standartları için gereksinimler. Toraks Dergisi 2000; 1(1):25-9.
  • 50. Ildırım İ, Hacımustafaoğlu M, Ediz B. Correlation of tuberculin induration with the number of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14:1060-3.
  • 51. Gülnar SB, Bulut BU. Influence of vaccination on tuberculin reactivity in healthy Turkish school chlidren Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:549.
  • 52. Bozaykut A, Atay E, Sevim H, Atay Z, Ceran O. Effect of BCG vaccine on tuberculin skin tests in 7-11 year-old children. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:1033-5.
  • 53. American Thoracic Society. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1376-95.
  • 54. Horsburgh CR. Priorities for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. N Eng J Med 2004; 350:2060-7.
  • 55. Mynak ML, Kumar L, Mathew JL, Jindal SK. Prevalance and risk factors for transmission of infection among children in household contact with adults having pulmonary tuberculosis Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:624-8.

Tuberculin Skin Test in Children

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 6 - 12, 01.01.2010

Gülbin Gökçay

https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2010.006

Abstract

The tuberculin skin test TST has become the established screening method for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infec- tion in children. However much discussion is stil going on about its use and interpretation. This paper reviews the current studies and recommendations on the use of TST in children

Keywords

Tuberculin skin test children BCG vaccine

References

  • 1. Pediatric Tuberculosis Collaborative Group. Targeted tuberculin skin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:1175-201.
  • 2. Gökçay G, Neyzi O, Bulut A. Sosyal Pediatri. In: Neyzi O, Ertuğrul T; eds. Pediatri ed. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri; 2002: 35-71.
  • 3. Koçoğlu F, Yücel B, Uysal M, Mandı M. BCG’li çocuklar üzerinde yıllık enfeksiyon riski hesabı. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 1995; 43:7-12.
  • 4. Bozkanat E, Çiftçi F, Apaydın M ve ark. İstanbul il merkezindeki bir askeri okulda tüberkülin cilt testi. Tüberküloz ve Toraks 2005;53(1):39-49.
  • 5. Huebner RE, Schein MF, Bass JB. The tuberculin skin test Clin Infect Dis 1993; 17:968-75.
  • 6. Sbarbaro JA. Skin test antigens: an evaluation whose time has come. Am Rev Respir Dis 1978; 118:1-5.
  • 7. Department of Health 1996 Immunisation against Infectious Disease HMSO, 1996, London.
  • 8. Toivgoogiin A, Toyota M, Yasuda N, Ohara H. Validity of using tuberculin skin test erythema measurement for contact investigation during a tuberculous outbreak in school children previously vaccinated with BCG. J Epidemiol 2005; 15:56- 64.
  • 9. Bouros D, Zeros, Panaretos C et al. Palpation vs pen method for the measurement of tuberculin reaction (Mantoux test) Chest 1991; 99:416-9.
  • 10. Cheng TL, Ottolini MC, Baumhaft K, et al. Strategies to increase adherence with tuberculosis test reading in a highrisk population. Pediatrics 1997; 100:210-3.
  • 11. Carter ER, Lee CM. Interpretation of the tuberculin skin test reaction by pediatric providers. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2002; 21:200-3.
  • 12. T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Verem Savaşı Daire Başkanlığı. Türkiye’de Tüberküloz Kontrolü İçin Başvuru Kitabı. Rekmay Limited Şirketi, Ankara, 2003.
  • 13. American Thoracic Society. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:S221-47.
  • 14. Menzies D. What does tuberculin reactivity after bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination tell us. Clin Infect Dis 2000; 31:S71-4.
  • 15. Thompson NJ, Glassroth JL, Snider DE, Farer LS. The booster phenomenon in serial tuberculin testing. American Review of Respiratory Disease 1979; 119:587-97.
  • 16. Soysal A. BCG Aşılı Sağlıklı Çocuklarda Tüberkülin Deri Testi Takipleri ve Sonuçlarının Değerlendirilmesi [Tez], İstanbul: İstanbul Üniversitesi; 1998.
  • 17. Starke JR, Jacobs RF, Jereb J. Resurgence of tuberculosis in children. J Pediatr 1992; 120:839-55.
  • 18. Steiner P, Rao M, Victoria MS, et al. Persistently negative tuberculin reactions: their presence among children with culture positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (tuberculin negative tuberculosis) Am J Dis Child 1980; 134:747-50.
  • 19. Mahadevan B, Mahadevan S, Serane VT, Narasimhan R. Tuberculin reactivity in tuberculous meningitis. Indian J Pediatr 2005; 72:213-5.
  • 20. Starr S, Berkovich S. Effects of measles, gamma-globulinmodified measles and vaccine measles on the tuberculin test. N Engl J Med 1964; 270:386-91.
  • 21. Belsey MA. Tuberculosis and varicella infections in children. Am J Dis Child 1967; 113:444-8.
  • 22. Berkovich S, Starr S. Effects of live type 1 poliovirus vaccine and other viruses on the tuberculin test. N Engl J Med 1966; 27:67-72.
  • 23. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General recommendations on immmunization . Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep 1994; 43(RR-1):1-38.
  • 24. Kupers TA, Petrich JM, Holloway AW, St Geme JW. Depression of tuberculin delayed hypersensitivity by live attenuated mumps virus. J Pediatr 1970; 76:716-21.
  • 25. Berkovich S, Fikrig S, Brunell PA, et al. Effect of live attenuated mumps vaccine virus on the expression of tuberculin sensitivity. J Pediatr 1972; 80:84-7.
  • 26. Berkovich S, Steiner P, Steiner M. Live rubella virus vaccine in tuberculous children. Am J Dis Child 1969; 118:252-7.
  • 27. Brickman HF, Beaudry PH, Marks MI. The timing of tuberculin test in relation to immunization with live viral vaccines. Pediatrics 1975; 55:392-6.
  • 28. MacGregor RR, Shaegren JN, Lipsett MB, Wolff SM. Alternate-day prednisone therapy. Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses, control of disease and steroid side effects. N Eng J Med 1969; 280:1427-31.
  • 29. Schatz M, Patterson R, Kloner R, Falk J. The prevalance of tuberculosis and positive tuberculin skin tests in a steroidtreated asthmatic population. Ann Intern Med 1976; 84:261-5.
  • 30. Mohr JA, Killebrew L, Muchmore HG, Felton F, Rhoades ER. Transfer of delayed hypersensitivity. The role of blood transfusion in humans JAMA 1969; 207:517-9.
  • 31. Lalvani A, Pathan AA, Durkan H et al. Enhanced contact tracing and spatial tracking of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection by enumeration of antigen-specific T cells. Lancet. 2001; 357:2017-21.
  • 32. Saiman L, San Gabriel P, Schulte J, et al. Risk factors for latent tuberculosis infection among children in New York City. Pediatrics 2001; 107:999-1003.
  • 33. Almeida LM, Barbieri MA, Da Paixao AC, Cuevas LE. Use of purified protein derivative to assess the risk of infection in children in close contact with adults with tuberculosis in a population with Calmette Guerin bacillus coverage. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2001; 20:1061-5.
  • 34. Mudido PM, Guwatudde D, Nakakeeto MK et al. The effect of bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccination at birth on tuberculin skin test reactivity in Ugandan children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:891-5.
  • 35. Lockman S, Tappero JW, Kenyon TA, et al. Tuberculin reactivity ın a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:23-30.
  • 36. Fine PE, Bruce J, Ponnighaus JM, Nkhosa P, Harawa A, Vynnycky E. Tuberculin sensitivity: conversion and reversions in a rural African population. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 1999; 3:962-75.
  • 37. Tanzania Tuberculin Survey Collaboration. Tuberculosis control in the era of the HIV epidemic: Risk of tuberculosis infection ın Tanzania, 1983-1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2001; 5:103-12.
  • 38. American Academy of Pediatrics. Tuberculosis. In: Pickering LK. Ed. Red Book: 2003 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases 25th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2003: 642-660.
  • 39. Karallıedde S, Katugaha LP, Uragoda CG. Tuberculin response of Sri Lankan Children after BCG vaccination at birth Tubercle 1987; 68:33-8.
  • 40. Leung CC, Yew WW, Tam CM, et al. Tuberculin response in BCG vaccinated schoolchildren and the estimation of annual risk of infection in Hong Kong. Thorax 2005; 60:124-9.
  • 41. Chee CB, Soh CH, Boudville IC, Chor SS, Wang YT. Interpretation of the tuberculin skin test in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated Singaporean schoolchildren. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:958-61.
  • 42. Gökçay G, Partalcı A, Baş F, Neyzi O. Tuberculin reactivity in young children following neonatal BCG vaccination. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 2000; 40:51-2.
  • 43. Anon. Tuberculin skin test survey in a pediatric population with high BCG vaccination coverage: Botswana, 1996. MMWR 1997; 46:846-51.
  • 44. Ormerod LP. Chemotherapy and management of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom: recommendations of the Joint Tuberculosis Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Thorax 1990; 45:403-8.
  • 45. Soren K, Saiman L, Irıgoven M, et al. Evaluation of household contacts of children with positive tuberculin skin tests. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1999; 18:949-55.
  • 46. Chadha VK, Jaganath PS, Kumar P. Tuberculin sensitivity among children vaccinated with BCG under universal immunization progamme. Indian J Pediatr 2004; 71(12):1063-8.
  • 47. Kassimi FA, Abdullan AK, Al-Orainey IO, et al. The significance of positive Mantoux reactions in BCG-vaccinated children. Tubercle 1991; 72:101-4.
  • 48. Wang L, Turner MO, Elwood RK, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of Bacille Calmette Guerin vaccination on tuberculin skin test measurements. Thorax 2002; 57:804-9.
  • 49. Uçan ES, Sevinç C, Abadoğdu Ö, ve ark. Tüberkülin testi sonuçlarının yorumlanması ülkemiz standartları için gereksinimler. Toraks Dergisi 2000; 1(1):25-9.
  • 50. Ildırım İ, Hacımustafaoğlu M, Ediz B. Correlation of tuberculin induration with the number of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccines. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1995; 14:1060-3.
  • 51. Gülnar SB, Bulut BU. Influence of vaccination on tuberculin reactivity in healthy Turkish school chlidren Acta Paediatr 1997; 86:549.
  • 52. Bozaykut A, Atay E, Sevim H, Atay Z, Ceran O. Effect of BCG vaccine on tuberculin skin tests in 7-11 year-old children. Acta Paediatr 2004; 93:1033-5.
  • 53. American Thoracic Society. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:1376-95.
  • 54. Horsburgh CR. Priorities for the treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States. N Eng J Med 2004; 350:2060-7.
  • 55. Mynak ML, Kumar L, Mathew JL, Jindal SK. Prevalance and risk factors for transmission of infection among children in household contact with adults having pulmonary tuberculosis Arch Dis Child 2005; 90:624-8.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gülbin Gökçay This is me

Publication Date January 1, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Gökçay, G. (2010). Tüberkülin Cilt Testi. Çocuk Dergisi, 10(1), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2010.006
AMA Gökçay G. Tüberkülin Cilt Testi. Çocuk Dergisi. January 2010;10(1):6-12. doi:10.5222/j.child.2010.006
Chicago Gökçay, Gülbin. “Tüberkülin Cilt Testi”. Çocuk Dergisi 10, no. 1 (January 2010): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2010.006.
EndNote Gökçay G (January 1, 2010) Tüberkülin Cilt Testi. Çocuk Dergisi 10 1 6–12.
IEEE G. Gökçay, “Tüberkülin Cilt Testi”, Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 6–12, 2010, doi: 10.5222/j.child.2010.006.
ISNAD Gökçay, Gülbin. “Tüberkülin Cilt Testi”. Çocuk Dergisi 10/1 (January 2010), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.5222/j.child.2010.006.
JAMA Gökçay G. Tüberkülin Cilt Testi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2010;10:6–12.
MLA Gökçay, Gülbin. “Tüberkülin Cilt Testi”. Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 1, 2010, pp. 6-12, doi:10.5222/j.child.2010.006.
Vancouver Gökçay G. Tüberkülin Cilt Testi. Çocuk Dergisi. 2010;10(1):6-12.