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Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 143 - 147, 30.06.2023

Veysel Tahiroğlu , Erkam Coşkun , Erhan Sönmez Naci Ömer Alayunt

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the levels of folate, vitamin B12, and ferritin according to gender and age groups in children who visited the hospital with the complaint of protein and energy deficiency.
Methods: Folate levels of 74 patients with protein and energy deficiency complaints, vitamin B12 levels of 184 patients, and ferritin levels of 187 people who were admitted to the hospital were included in the study. The hospital reference ranges for children were used to diagnose folate, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels and to determine their normal ranges.
Results: When the folate levels were examined in the study, it was determined that approximately 2% of the children in the 0-6 age group were below <3.89 ng/mL, and all of the children in the 7-18 age group were within the normal range. When the vitamin B12 levels are examined, it was determined that 3.3% of the children had a vitamin B12 level below 191 ng/L, and 14.3% of the 7-18 age group were below 191 ng/L. Considering the ferritin levels, it was determined that 51.6% of the children were below 30 µg/L. When evaluated according to gender, the majority of folate and B12 levels in both men and women were within the normal range, while 47.1% of women and 41% of men had ferritin levels below the normal range.
Conclusion: It was observed that the folate, vitamin B12, and ferritin levels of the patients could vary according to geographical regions. For this reason, we think that it should be focused on the 0-6 age range, where the incidence of micronutrient deficiencies and infectious diseases is the highest.

Keywords

Protein Insufficiency Child Folate B12 Ferritin

References

  • Kumar S, Olson DL, Schwenk WF. Part I. Malnutrition in the pediatric population. Dis Mon 2002;48(11):703-12. google scholar
  • Kuwornu J, Amoyaw J, Manyanga T, Cooper E, Donkoh E, Nkrumah A. Measuring the Overall Burden of Early Childhood Malnutrition in Ghana: A Comparison of Estimates from Multiple Data Sources. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2002;11(7):1035-46. google scholar
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  • Das JK, Lassi ZS, Hoodbhoy Z, Salam RA. Nutrition for the Next Generation: Older Children and Adolescents. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(3):56-64. google scholar
  • Valdes-Sosa PA, Galler JR, Bryce CP, Rabinowitz AG, Bringas-Vega ML, Hernandez-Mesa N, Taboada-Crispi A. Seeking Biomarkers of Early Childhood Malnutrition’s Long-term Effects. MEDICC Rev. 2018 ;20(2):43-48. google scholar
  • Pelin Z, Şit U, Fatma NÖ, Atilla Çİ, Neşe Y;Hiperpigmentasyon ile Başvuran bir Vitamin B12 Eksikliği Olgusu, Yeni Tıp Dergisi 2007;24: 234-36. google scholar
  • Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rodriguez RA, Humphreys MH. Association between serum ferritin and measures of inflammation, nutrition and iron in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 ;19(1):141-9 google scholar
  • McLean E, de Benoist B, Allen L. H. Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B12 Deficiencies Worldwide. Food Nutr. Bull. 2008;29(2): 38-51. google scholar
  • Tamura T, Picciano MF. Folate and Human Reproduction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83(5): 993-16. google scholar
  • Zhao R, Matherly LH, Goldman ID. Membrane Transporters and Folate Homeostasis; Intestinal Absorption, Transport into Systemic Compartments and Tissues. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 2009; 11(e4): 19173758 google scholar
  • Neyzi O. Beslenme Ve Beslenme Bozuklukları. İçinde Günay S(yazar). Pediyatri.İstanbul Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ltd Şti.2010:239-251 google scholar
  • Chandra RK. Protein-energy malnutrition and immunological responses. J Nutr 1992; 122: 597-600. google scholar
  • Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araşltırması 1993. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı (Türkiye), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü ve Macro International Inc. 1994; 113 25. google scholar
  • Stidham LG. International child health emergencies. Curr Opion Pediatr 1997; 9: 254-8. google scholar
  • Neyzi O. Çocukluk yaşlarında beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesi. Ed: İlter Ö, Arısoy N, Aydın A. 2000’e 5 kala Türkiye ve Dünya çocuklarının durumu. XXXI. Türk Pediatri Kongresi kitabı. 1995: 25-30. google scholar
  • Rowland MGM, Rowland SGJ. Impact of infection on the growth of children from 0 to 2 years in an urban West African Community. Am J Clin Nutr1987; 47:134-8. google scholar
  • Nyaradi A, Li J, Hickling S, Foster J, Oddy WH. The role of nutrition in children’s neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013; 7:97. google scholar
  • Dündar N, Dündar B. Malnütrisyonlu çocuğun değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009; 13(4): 39-42. google scholar
  • Şensoy F, Egemen A, Akgün B, Boztok D. Çubuk bölgesinde 0-48 aylık çocuklarda malnütrisyon prevalansı Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1991;20: 9-19. google scholar
  • Wong AY, Chan EW, Chui CS, Sutcliffe AG, Wong IC. The phenomenon of micronutrient deficiency among children in China: a systematic review of the literature. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(11):2605-18. google scholar
  • Vaid A, Sharma M, Jamunashree B, Gautam P. Serum vitamin B12 levels in severe acute malnutrition hospitalized children between age group 6 months to 59 months in Kangra, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr 2018;5:1997-2001. google scholar
  • Saka A, Ojuawo AI, Saka MJ, Abayomi Biliaminu S, Olatunbosun L. Assessment of iron deficiency in malnutrition: the value of serum ferritin. Tanta Med J 2019;47:39-44 google scholar
  • Wang J, Wang H, Chang S, Zhao L, Fu P, Yu W,et al. The Influence of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Status on Anemic Risk in Children under 3 Years Old in Poor Areas in China. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140840. google scholar
  • Anwer J, Mustafa G, Khalid S, Younis S, Riaz ul Haq, Tayyab HM. Vitamin B 12 and Folic Acid Deficiency among Malnourished Children with Pancytopenia. Professional Med J 2020; 27(2):348-352. google scholar
  • Hay G, Trygg K, Whitelaw A, Johnston C, Refsum H. Folate and cobalamin status in relation to diet in healthy 2-y-old children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011;93:727-735. google scholar
  • Solvik BS, Strand TA, Kvestad I, Markhus MW, Ueland PM, McCann A et al. Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of Folate and Cobalamin Status in Norwegian Preschool Children: The FINS-KIDS Study. J. Nutr. 2020;150:1852-1858. google scholar

Protein ve Enerji Yetersizliği ile Başvuran Çocuklarda Yaş ve Cinsiyete Göre Folat, Vitamin B12 ve Serum Ferritin Düzeyleri: Retrospektif Bir İnceleme

Year 2023, Volume: 23 Issue: 2, 143 - 147, 30.06.2023

Veysel Tahiroğlu , Erkam Coşkun , Erhan Sönmez Naci Ömer Alayunt

https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada protein ve enerji yetersizliği şikayetiyle başvuran çocuklarda cinsiyet ve yaş gruplarına göre folat, B12 vitamini ve ferritin düzeylerini belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Hastaneye başvuran ve şikayeti protein ve enerji yetersizliği olan 74 kişinin folat düzeyi, 184 kişinin vitamin B12 düzeyi ve 187 kişinin ferritin düzeyi çalışmaya dahil edildi. Folat B12 vitamini ve ferritin düzeylerini teşhis etmek ve normal aralıklarını belirlemek için hastanenin çocuklar için belirlediği referans aralıkları kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmada folat düzeyleri incelendiğinde; 0-6 yaş grubundaki çocukların yaklaşık %2’sinin <3,89 ng/mL’nin altında olduğu, 7-18 yaş grubundaki çocukların tamamının normal aralıkta olduğu belirlendi. B12 vitamini düzeyleri incelendiğinde; Çocukların %3,3’ünün B12 vitamini düzeyinin 191 ng/L’nin altında olduğu, 7-18 yaş grubundakilerin ise %14,3’ünün 191 ng/L’nin altında olduğu belirlendi. Ferritin seviyelerine bakıldığında; Çocukların %51,6’sının 30 µg/L’nin altında olduğu belirlendi. Cinsiyete göre değerlendirildiğinde hem erkeklerde hem de kadınlarda folat ve B12 düzeylerinin büyük çoğunluğu normal aralıkta bulunurken, kadınların %47,1’i ve erkeklerin %41’i ferritin düzeylerinin normal aralığın altında olduğu tespit edildi.
Sonuç: Hastaların folat, vitamin B12, ve ferritin düzeylerinin coğrafi bölgelere göre değişebildiği görüldü. Bu nedenle mikrobesin eksikliklerinin ve bulaşıcı hastalıkların görülme sıklığının en yüksek olduğu 0-6 yaş aralığına odaklanılması gerektiğini düşünüyoruz.

Keywords

Protein Yetersizliği Çocuk Folat B12 Ferritin

References

  • Kumar S, Olson DL, Schwenk WF. Part I. Malnutrition in the pediatric population. Dis Mon 2002;48(11):703-12. google scholar
  • Kuwornu J, Amoyaw J, Manyanga T, Cooper E, Donkoh E, Nkrumah A. Measuring the Overall Burden of Early Childhood Malnutrition in Ghana: A Comparison of Estimates from Multiple Data Sources. International Journal of Health Policy and Management, 2002;11(7):1035-46. google scholar
  • Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, de Onis M, Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and Child Undernutrition Study Group. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and reigonal exposures and health consequences. Lancet 2008;371(9608):243-60. google scholar
  • Das JK, Lassi ZS, Hoodbhoy Z, Salam RA. Nutrition for the Next Generation: Older Children and Adolescents. Ann Nutr Metab. 2018;72(3):56-64. google scholar
  • Valdes-Sosa PA, Galler JR, Bryce CP, Rabinowitz AG, Bringas-Vega ML, Hernandez-Mesa N, Taboada-Crispi A. Seeking Biomarkers of Early Childhood Malnutrition’s Long-term Effects. MEDICC Rev. 2018 ;20(2):43-48. google scholar
  • Pelin Z, Şit U, Fatma NÖ, Atilla Çİ, Neşe Y;Hiperpigmentasyon ile Başvuran bir Vitamin B12 Eksikliği Olgusu, Yeni Tıp Dergisi 2007;24: 234-36. google scholar
  • Kalantar-Zadeh K, Rodriguez RA, Humphreys MH. Association between serum ferritin and measures of inflammation, nutrition and iron in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004 ;19(1):141-9 google scholar
  • McLean E, de Benoist B, Allen L. H. Review of the Magnitude of Folate and Vitamin B12 Deficiencies Worldwide. Food Nutr. Bull. 2008;29(2): 38-51. google scholar
  • Tamura T, Picciano MF. Folate and Human Reproduction. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2006;83(5): 993-16. google scholar
  • Zhao R, Matherly LH, Goldman ID. Membrane Transporters and Folate Homeostasis; Intestinal Absorption, Transport into Systemic Compartments and Tissues. Expert Rev. Mol. Med. 2009; 11(e4): 19173758 google scholar
  • Neyzi O. Beslenme Ve Beslenme Bozuklukları. İçinde Günay S(yazar). Pediyatri.İstanbul Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri Ltd Şti.2010:239-251 google scholar
  • Chandra RK. Protein-energy malnutrition and immunological responses. J Nutr 1992; 122: 597-600. google scholar
  • Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araşltırması 1993. Ankara: Sağlık Bakanlığı (Türkiye), Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü ve Macro International Inc. 1994; 113 25. google scholar
  • Stidham LG. International child health emergencies. Curr Opion Pediatr 1997; 9: 254-8. google scholar
  • Neyzi O. Çocukluk yaşlarında beslenme durumunun değerlendirilmesi. Ed: İlter Ö, Arısoy N, Aydın A. 2000’e 5 kala Türkiye ve Dünya çocuklarının durumu. XXXI. Türk Pediatri Kongresi kitabı. 1995: 25-30. google scholar
  • Rowland MGM, Rowland SGJ. Impact of infection on the growth of children from 0 to 2 years in an urban West African Community. Am J Clin Nutr1987; 47:134-8. google scholar
  • Nyaradi A, Li J, Hickling S, Foster J, Oddy WH. The role of nutrition in children’s neurocognitive development, from pregnancy through childhood. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013; 7:97. google scholar
  • Dündar N, Dündar B. Malnütrisyonlu çocuğun değerlendirilmesi. SDÜ Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009; 13(4): 39-42. google scholar
  • Şensoy F, Egemen A, Akgün B, Boztok D. Çubuk bölgesinde 0-48 aylık çocuklarda malnütrisyon prevalansı Beslenme ve Diyet Dergisi 1991;20: 9-19. google scholar
  • Wong AY, Chan EW, Chui CS, Sutcliffe AG, Wong IC. The phenomenon of micronutrient deficiency among children in China: a systematic review of the literature. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(11):2605-18. google scholar
  • Vaid A, Sharma M, Jamunashree B, Gautam P. Serum vitamin B12 levels in severe acute malnutrition hospitalized children between age group 6 months to 59 months in Kangra, India. Int J Contemp Pediatr 2018;5:1997-2001. google scholar
  • Saka A, Ojuawo AI, Saka MJ, Abayomi Biliaminu S, Olatunbosun L. Assessment of iron deficiency in malnutrition: the value of serum ferritin. Tanta Med J 2019;47:39-44 google scholar
  • Wang J, Wang H, Chang S, Zhao L, Fu P, Yu W,et al. The Influence of Malnutrition and Micronutrient Status on Anemic Risk in Children under 3 Years Old in Poor Areas in China. PLoS One. 2015;10(10):e0140840. google scholar
  • Anwer J, Mustafa G, Khalid S, Younis S, Riaz ul Haq, Tayyab HM. Vitamin B 12 and Folic Acid Deficiency among Malnourished Children with Pancytopenia. Professional Med J 2020; 27(2):348-352. google scholar
  • Hay G, Trygg K, Whitelaw A, Johnston C, Refsum H. Folate and cobalamin status in relation to diet in healthy 2-y-old children. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011;93:727-735. google scholar
  • Solvik BS, Strand TA, Kvestad I, Markhus MW, Ueland PM, McCann A et al. Dietary Intake and Biomarkers of Folate and Cobalamin Status in Norwegian Preschool Children: The FINS-KIDS Study. J. Nutr. 2020;150:1852-1858. google scholar
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Paediatrics
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Veysel Tahiroğlu 0000-0003-3516-5561

Erkam Coşkun 0000-0001-5471-8606

Erhan Sönmez This is me 0000-0002-4607-2718

Naci Ömer Alayunt 0000-0003-2215-0934

Publication Date June 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 23 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tahiroğlu, V., Coşkun, E., Sönmez, E., Alayunt, N. Ö. (2023). Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review. Çocuk Dergisi, 23(2), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553
AMA Tahiroğlu V, Coşkun E, Sönmez E, Alayunt NÖ. Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review. Çocuk Dergisi. June 2023;23(2):143-147. doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553
Chicago Tahiroğlu, Veysel, Erkam Coşkun, Erhan Sönmez, and Naci Ömer Alayunt. “Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting With Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review”. Çocuk Dergisi 23, no. 2 (June 2023): 143-47. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553.
EndNote Tahiroğlu V, Coşkun E, Sönmez E, Alayunt NÖ (June 1, 2023) Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review. Çocuk Dergisi 23 2 143–147.
IEEE V. Tahiroğlu, E. Coşkun, E. Sönmez, and N. Ö. Alayunt, “Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review”, Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 143–147, 2023, doi: 10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553.
ISNAD Tahiroğlu, Veysel et al. “Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting With Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review”. Çocuk Dergisi 23/2 (June 2023), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553.
JAMA Tahiroğlu V, Coşkun E, Sönmez E, Alayunt NÖ. Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review. Çocuk Dergisi. 2023;23:143–147.
MLA Tahiroğlu, Veysel et al. “Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting With Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review”. Çocuk Dergisi, vol. 23, no. 2, 2023, pp. 143-7, doi:10.26650/jchild.2023.1263553.
Vancouver Tahiroğlu V, Coşkun E, Sönmez E, Alayunt NÖ. Folate, Vitamin B12 and Serum Ferritin Levels by Age and Gender in Children Presenting with Protein and Energy Insufficiency: A Retrospective Review. Çocuk Dergisi. 2023;23(2):143-7.
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