A Methodology for Designing Auxetic Metamaterials for Adaptive Systems

Abstract

To develop sustainable material systems, modern industries must create new, lighter systems using less materials without compromising their performances. Over the past thirty years, researchers from various disciplines have turned metamaterials as alternatives to natural materials. Among these materials, auxetics stand out due to their mechanical properties. Despite the fact that these materials have been experimentally used in architectural projects over the past two decades, design outcomes have predominantly relied on existing auxetic structures, limiting the use of them in architectural design solutions. This research aims to create a novel auxetic material system by focusing on the geometry of auxetic materials and their smart transformations, embedded within the morphological structures of these materials. The methodology of the study consists of four stages, including identifying geometrical parameters of auxetic metamaterials, setting the computational model, digital fabrication, and physical experiments. This study has progressed based on feedback from computational and physical models to evaluate the behavior of the system, which is passively activated by the applied forces. To evaluate the results, physical prototypes were produced for obtaining empirical data. Experiments applied on physical prototypes were conducted on two different materials, including biopolymer polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane. Thus, the auxetic behavior of different materials were observed and compared. In the future, the integration of the proposed system with responsive materials will enable the development of adaptable systems for large-scale architectural applications.

Keywords

• Auxetic Materials
• Computational Design
• Metamaterials
• Prototyping
• 3D Printing

Uyarlanabilir Sistemler için Genişleyebilen Metamalzemelerin Tasarımına Yönelik bir Metodoloji

Abstract

Sürdürülebilir malzeme sistemleri geliştirmek için, modern endüstriler performanslarından ödün vermeden daha az malzeme kullanarak yeni, daha hafif sistemler yaratmalıdır. Son otuz yılda, çeşitli disiplinlerden araştırmacılar doğal malzemelere alternatif olarak metamalzemelere yönelmiştir. Bu malzemeler arasında, mekanik özellikleri nedeniyle esnetildiğinde genişleyebilen(auxetics) malzemeler öne çıkmaktadır. Son yirmi yıl içerisinde bu tür malzemeler, mimari projelerde deneysel olarak kullanılmış olsa da tasarım çıktıları genellikle mevcut yapı tiplerine dayanmaktadır. Bu durum, ilgili malzemelerin mimari tasarım çözümlerindeki kullanımını sınırlandırmaktadır. Bu araştırma, genişleyebilen malzemelerin geometrisi ile bu malzemelerin morfolojik yapıları içinde gömülü olan akıllı dönüşümlerine odaklanarak, yeni bir genişleyebilen malzeme sistemi oluşturmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmanın metodolojisi genişleyebilen metamalzemelerin geometrik parametrelerinin belirlenmesi, hesaplamalı modelin oluşturulması, sayısal üretim ve fiziksel deneyler olmak üzere dört aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Bu çalışma, uygulanan kuvvetle pasif olarak etkinleşen sistemin davranışını değerlendirmek için hesaplamalı ve fiziksel modellerden alınan geri bildirimlere dayalı olarak geliştirilmiştir. Sonuçları değerlendirmek için, ampirik veriler elde etmek üzere fiziksel prototipler üretilmiştir. Fiziksel prototiplerle yapılan deneyler, biyopolimer polilaktik asit ve termoplastik poliüretan olmak üzere iki farklı malzeme üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece farklı malzemelerin davranışları gözlemlenmiş ve karşılaştırılmıştır. Gelecekte, önerilen sistemin tepkimeli malzemelerle entegrasyonu sayesinde büyük ölçekli mimari uygulamalara yönelik uyarlanabilir sistemlerin geliştirilmesi mümkün olabilecektir.

Keywords

• Genişleyebilen Malzemeler
• Hesaplamalı Tasarım
• Metamalzemeler
• Prototipleme
• 3B Baskı

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