Ofis Mekanlarında Döşeme Kaplama Malzemesinin Bulanık Kümeler Kullanılarak Seçimi

Year 2026, Volume: 7 Issue: 1 , 179 - 201 , 30.03.2026

Esra Eres Yalçin , Ferhat Pakdamar

https://doi.org/10.53710/jcode.1715401

https://izlik.org/JA27UT44SB

Abstract

Döşeme kaplama malzemeleri; döşeme katmanlarını koruma, işlevsel ve estetik olma, kullanıcı güvenliği ve konforunu sağlama gibi amaçlarla yapılmaktadır. Bu yüzden mekanın ve kullanıcı ihtiyacının iyi saptanmasının yanında malzemenin yatırım maliyeti, hizmet ömrü, dayanıklılığı, işletme maliyeti, konforu, çevresel etkisi karar verme safhasında etkili etmenlerdir. Farklı özelliklere sahip kaplama malzemeleri bu seçim etmenleri kapsamında değerlendirildiklerinde farklı avantaj ve dezavantajlara sahip olabilmektedirler. Döşeme kaplama malzemesi seçiminde, malzemelerin bu özelliklerinin bir arada düşünülmesi ve alternatifler arasında en uygun kararın verilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Karmaşık karar süreçlerini gerektiren bu işlemin daha sistematik ve gerçekçi bir düzlemde yapılması daha sağlıklı olacaktır. Bu nedenle “doğru (1)” ve “yanlış (0) olarak keskin değerlendirmeler yapan klasik mantıklı bilgisayar seçim sisteminin aksine tıpkı insan beyni gibi birçok kriteri birlikte ele alarak değerlendirme yapan ve bilgideki eksikliği gözetebilen bir yaklaşım olan bulanık mantık yöntemi seçilmiştir. Çalışmada; ofis mekanlarındaki döşeme kaplaması seçiminde karar kriterlerinin bulanık mantık yaklaşımıyla değerlendirilerek, döşeme kaplaması seçiminde daha gerçekçi bir karar süreci oluşturmayı amaçlanmıştır. Döşeme kaplama malzemeleri için belirlenen seçim kriterleri (yatırım maliyeti, hizmet ömrü, işletme maliyeti ve çevresel etkisi) ve ofis döşemelerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan malzemelere (ahşap, halı, PVC ve seramik) bulanık kümelerle üyelik fonksiyonları tanımlanmış ve oluşturulan kurallar doğrultusunda model tamamlanmıştır. Daha sonra seçim kriterleri üzerinden dengeli, işletme maliyeti odaklı ve çevresel etki odaklı olmak üzere 3 farklı senaryo oluşturulmuş ve bu senaryolar Matlab programında oluşturulan model üzerinden değerlendirilmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucu ahşap, PVC, halı ve seramik kaplama malzemeleri arasından ahşabın tüm senaryolarda ağırlıklı olarak en uygun tercih olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Bulanık Mantık , Döşeme Kaplama Malzemesi , Malzeme Seçimi

Selection Of Flooring Material In Office Spaces Using Fuzzy Sets

https://izlik.org/JA27UT44SB

Abstract

Floor covering materials are made for the purposes of protecting the floor layers, being functional and aesthetic, ensuring user safety and comfort. Therefore, in addition to determining the space and user needs well, the investment cost of the material, service life, durability, operating cost, comfort and environmental impact are effective factors in the decision-making phase. When covering materials with different properties are evaluated within the scope of these selection factors, they may have different advantages and disadvantages. In the selection of floor covering materials, it has great importance to consider these properties of the materials together and to make the most appropriate decision among the alternatives. It would be healthier to perform this process, which requires complex decision processes, on a more systematic and realistic level. Therefore, unlike the classical logical computer selection system that makes sharp evaluations as “correct (1)” and “incorrect (0), the fuzzy logic method, which is an approach that evaluates by considering many criteria together just like the human brain and can consider the deficiency in information, was chosen. In the study; it was aimed to create a more realistic decision process in the selection of floor coverings by evaluating the decision criteria in the selection of floor coverings in office spaces with the fuzzy logic approach. The selection criteria for floor covering materials (investment cost, service life, operating cost and environmental impact) and membership functions for materials commonly used in office flooring (wood, carpet, PVC and ceramics) were defined with fuzzy sets and the model was completed in line with the established rules. Then, 3 different scenarios were created based on the selection criteria, namely balanced, operating cost focused and environmental impact focused, and these scenarios were evaluated using the model created in the Matlab program. As a result of the evaluations, it was seen that wood was the most suitable choice among wood, PVC, carpet and ceramic flooring materials in all scenarios.

Keywords

Fuzzy Logic , Floor Covering Material , Material Selection

References

• Abeysundara, U.G.Y., Babel, S., Piantanakulchai M. (2009). A matrix for selecting sustainable floor coverings for buildings in Sri Lanka. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 231-238. https://10.1016/j.jclepro.2008.05.002
• Ajusree, P.A., Jenson, J. (2020). Environmental and Economic Impact Assessment of Flooring Materials. Springer Nature Switzerland AG https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26365-2_8
• Alibaba, H.Z., Özdeniz M. B., (2004). Abuilding elements selection system for architects. Building and Environment, 39, 307–316. https://10.1016/j.buildenv.2003.09.010
• Almeida, M. I., Dias, A. C., Demertzi M., Arroja, L. (2016). Environmental profile of ceramic tiles and their potential for improvement. Journal of Cleaner Production, 131, 583-593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.04.131
• Athawale, V. M., Chakraborty, S. (2012). Material selection using multi-criteria decision-making methods: a comparative study. Design and Applications, 226(4), 266–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/146442071244897
• Cao, S. (2023). A Review of Decision Theory and Methods. The Frontiers of Society, Science and Technology, 5, 3, 58-63. https://10.25236/FSST.2023.050311
• Carvalho, C., Couceir O., M., Montagna, G., Morais, C., Mendonça, R. (2021). Textiles in Architecture: Floors and Wall Coverings. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems 260, 632–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80829-7_78
• Derler, S., Huber, R., Kausch, F., Meyer, V.R. (2015). Effectiveness, durability and wear of anti-slip treatments for resilient floor coverings. Safety Science, 76, 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.02.002
• EN 15804, (2008). Sustainability Of Construction Works - Environmental Product Declarations - Product Category Rules.
• Hall, W. (1997). Floring. Time-Saver Standards for Architectural Design Data, C-79.
• Heralová, R. S. (2011). Life cycle costing as innovative a decision-making tool in the construction design phase. Business & IT, 1, 46-62.
• Hwang, C., Yoon, K. Multiple Attribute Decision Making Methods and Applications. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems.
• Jönsson, A., Tıllman, A. M., Svensson, T. (1997). Life Cycle Assessment of Flooring Materials: Case Study. Building and Environment, 32, 3, 245-255.
• Kim, I. (2025). Surface engineering for safer walking environments: Optimising floor coatings for enhanced slip resistance. Results in Engineering, 25, 103987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.103987
• Kim, I. (2018). Investigation of Floor Surface Finishes for Optimal Slip Resistance Performance. Safety and Health at Work, 9, 17-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.05.005
• Mahmoud, M. A. A., Aref, M., Al-Hammad, A. An Expert System for Evaluation and Selection of Floor Finishing Materials. Expert Systems With Applications, 10, 2, 281-303.
• Nicoletti, G. M., Notarnicola B., Tassielli G. (2002). Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of flooring materials: ceramic versus marble tiles. Journal of Cleaner Production, 10, 283-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-6526(01)00028-2
• Nguyen, P.H.D, Fayek, A.R. (2022). Applications of fuzzy hybrid techniques in construction engineering and management research. Automation in Construction, 134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2021.104064 Opricovic, S., Multicriteria Optimization of Civil Engineering Systems.
• Pakdamar, F., Güler, K. (2012). Evaluation of Flexible Performance of Reinforced Concrete Structures Using A Nonlinear Static Procedure Provided by Fuzzy Logic. Advances in Structural Engineering ,15, 12. https://doi.org/10.1260/1369-4332.15.12.2173
• Reza, B., Sadiq, R., Hewage, K. (2010). Sustainability assessment of flooring systems in the city of Tehran: An AHP-based life cycle analysis. Construction and Building Materials, 25, 2053-2066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.041
• Ros-Dosdá, T., Celades I., Vilalta, L., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., Monfort, E. (2019). Environmental comparison of indoor floor coverings. Science of the Total Environment, 693, 133519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.325
• Saaty, R. W. (1987). The Analytic Hierarchy Process-What And How It Is Used. Mathl Modelling, 9, 161-176.
• Silva, G., Munoz A., Feliu C., Vicent, M. Barbera J., Soler, C. (2004). New Method For Accelerated Evaluation Of Ceramic Floor Tile Durability On Exposure To Abrasio. Castellon, 353-366.
• Tegegne, D., Abera, m., Alemayehu E. (2023). Selection of Sustainable Building Material Using Multicriteria Decision-Making Model: A Case of Masonry Work in Lideta Subcity, Addis Ababa. Hindawi Advances in Civil Engineering, 1, 9729169. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/9729169
• Tikul, N., (2014). Environmental and Economic of Flooring Building Materials. Applied Environmental Research, 36, 2, 47-59.
• Toydemir, N., Gürdal, E., Tanaçan, L. Yapı Elemanı Tasarımında Malzeme. (2000), Literatür Yayıncılık.
• TS EN ISO 14040, (2007). Çevre Yönetimi - Hayat Boyu Değerlendirme - İlkeler Ve Çerçeve.
• TS EN 14342, (2009). Ahşap Yer Döşemeleri – Karakteristikler, Uygunluğun Değerlendirilmesi Ve İşaretleme.
• TS EN 14411, (2013). Seramik Karolar - Tarifler, Siniflandirma, Özellikler, Uygunluk Değerlendirmesi Ve İşaretleme.
• Tuscher, M., Hanák, M., Navrátilová, V., Tichá A. (2024). Usage of Building Passports and BIM in Multi-Criteria Evaluation. Procedia Computer Science, 239, 1086–1094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2024.06.273
• Walus, K. J., Warguła, L., Wieczorek, B., Krawiec P. (2022). Slip risk analysis on the surface of floors in public utility buildings. Journal of Building Engineering, 54, 104643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104643
• Zadeh, L.A., (1994). Making Computers Think Like People. IEEE Spectrum.
• Zadeh, L.A., (1968). Fuzzy Algorithms., Information And Control, 8, 338-353.
• Zadeh, L.A., (1965). Fuzzy Sets., Information And Control, 12, 94-102.