Doğal Sistemler Tarafından Bilgilendirilen Hesaplamalı Tasarım

Abstract

Doğada canlı ve cansız varlıkların tümü sistem bütünlüğü içinde değerlendirilmektedir. Doğal sistemler hesaplama ile tanımlanan düzen ve dengeyi temsil eder. Matematikçiler, biyologlar, malzeme bilimcileri ve farklı alanlardan profesyoneller problem çözme amaçlı olarak doğal sistemleri araştırmaktadır. Doğa, tarihsel dönemlerden beri tasarım sürecinde referans olarak kullanılsa da, doğanın tasarım süreciyle verimli bir şekilde nasıl bütünleştirileceğine dair yanlış kullanımlar bulunmaktadır. Biyomimesis terimi, günümüzde doğayı taklit etme anlamını aşarak, doğanın zekasından öğrenme anlamında kullanılmaktadır. Mimari tasarım öğrencilerinin hesaplama becerilerini geliştirerek, doğal sistemleri analitik bakış açısıyla inceleme ve bulguları yaratıcı tasarım çözümlerinde uygulama ihtiyacı bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırma, mimarlık lisans eğitiminde uygulanmak üzere geliştirilmiş biyomimesis konulu bir seçmeli ders üzerinedir. Yöntem, doğal sistemlerin incelenmesi (1), doğal sistemlerin soyutlanması ve sistem parametrelerinin çıkarılması (2), parametrelerin hesaplamalı tasarım modelinde uygulanması (3) dahil olmak üzere üç aşamadan oluşmaktadır. Önerilen çalışma, 2018 yılından 2020 yılına dek öğrenci projelerinde uygulanmış olup, çıktılar organizasyon-, performans-, süreç- ve hareket-tabanlı hesaplama olmak üzere dört grupta incelenmiştir. Sonuçlar irdelendiğinde, öğrencilerin hesaplamalı tasarım konusunda beceri kazandıkları ve doğada bulunan sistemler hakkında farkındalıklarının arttığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

• doğal sistemler
• hesaplama
• algoritmalar
• mimari tasarım eğitimi

Computational Design Informed by Natural Systems

Abstract

Animate and inanimate matters in nature are evaluated within systems’ unity. Natural systems represent order and balance defined by computation. Mathematicians, biologists, material scientists and professionals from other fields investigate natural systems for problem-solving. Although nature has been used as a reference since historical periods, there are improper uses on how to integrate nature efficiently into the design process. The term biomimicry is used today by transcending its meaning from imitating nature towards learning from its intelligence. There is a necessity that architectural design students develop their skills on computation and evaluate natural systems from an analytical point of view to apply their finding in creative design solutions. This research is about an elective course on biomimicry developed for undergraduate architectural design education. The methodology consists of three stages, including investigation of the natural systems (1), the abstraction of the natural systems and extracting the system parameters (2), implementing the parameters in the computational design model (3). The proposed study was implemented from 2018 to 2020 into the student projects, of which outputs are discussed and grouped under four categories, including organization-, performance-, process- and motion-based computation. By examining the results, it is determined that the students gained skills in computational design and their awareness related to the natural systems were increased.

Keywords

• natural system
• computation
• algorithms
• architectural design education

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