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Sanayi Derinleşmesinin Belirleyicileri: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Panel Veri ile Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme (2000–2022)

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 166 - 197, 25.09.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, sanayi derinleşmesini yalnızca sektörel üretim artışıyla değil, üretim yapısının niteliksel dönüşümüyle birlikte ele almaktadır. Türkiye, Endonezya, Arjantin ve Güney Afrika örneklerinde, sanayi derinleşmesini belirleyen yapısal faktörler panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bu ülkelerin seçimi, Wallerstein’ın dünya-sistemi kuramındaki yarı-çevre konumlarıyla ilişkilidir. AR-GE harcamaları, DYY, ithalat kompozisyonu ve hükümet etkinliği gibi değişkenlerle sanayi derinleşmesinin çok boyutlu yapısı açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
Yöntem: 2000–2022 dönemine ait yıllık ve dengeli panel veri seti kullanılmış, sabit etkiler modeli tercih edilmiştir. Bağımlı değişken olarak MVA/GSYİH oranı alınmıştır. Bağımsız değişkenler, AR-GE harcamaları, DYY, sermaye ve ara malı ithalatı ile hükümet etkinliğidir. Model varsayım testlerinden geçmiştir ve sadeleştirilmiş versiyonunda yalnızca anlamlı bulunan AR-GE ve DYY değişkenleri yer almıştır.
Bulgular: AR-GE harcamaları sanayi derinleşmesinin en güçlü belirleyicisi olarak öne çıkmıştır. DYY’nin etkisi ülkelere göre değişkenlik gösterse de genel olarak pozitif bulunmuştur. Diğer değişkenler anlamlı çıkmamıştır. Modelin açıklayıcılık düzeyi orta seviyededir (R² = 0.298).
Sonuç ve Katkılar: Çalışma, kalkınmacı devlet ve bağımlılık kuramlarını birleştirerek, sanayi derinleşmesini hem dışsal hem de kurumsal faktörlerle açıklamaktadır. Politika önerileri arasında AR-GE teşviki ve teknoloji yoğun yatırımların desteklenmesi öne çıkmaktadır.
Sınırlılıklar: Sınırlı ülke sayısı, veri eksiklikleri ve dinamik etkilerin analiz edilememesi gibi faktörler, sonuçların genellenebilirliğini ve derinliğini kısıtlamaktadır.

References

  • Amin, S. (1977). Unequal development: An essay on the social formations of peripheral capitalism. Monthly Review Press.
  • Amsden, A. H. (1992). Asia's next giant: South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford University Press.
  • Amsden, A. H. (2001). The rise of “the rest”: Challenges to the west from late-industrializing economies. Oxford University Press.
  • Arrighi, G. (1994). The long twentieth century: Money, power and the origins of our times. Verso.
  • Boratav, K., & Yeldan, E. (2006). Turkey, 1980-2000: Financial liberalization, macroeconomic (in)-stability, and patterns of distribution. Chp14, 417-455.
  • Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1979). Dependency and development in Latin America. University of California Press.
  • Chase-Dunn, C. (1998). Global formation: Structures of the world economy. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Evans, P. (1995). Embedded autonomy: States and industrial transformation. Princeton University Press.
  • Gambarotto, F., Rangone, M., & Solari) (2019). Financialization and deindustrialization in the Southern European periphery. Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 5(3), 151-172.
  • Gereffi, G. (2014). Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world. Review of International Political Economy, 21(1), 9–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2012.756414
  • Gereffi, G. (2017). Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world. In Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks (pp. 9-37). Routledge.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The strategy of economic development. Yale University Press.
  • Kaplinsky, R. (2000). Globalisation and unequalisation: what can be learned from value chain analysis?. Journal of development studies, 37(2), 117-146. McMichael, P. (2016). Development and social change: A global perspective (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Kaplinsky, R. (2005). Globalization, poverty and inequality: Between a rock and a hard place. Polity Press.
  • McMillan, M., Rodrik, D., & Verduzco-Gallo, Í. (2014). Globalization, structural change, and productivity growth, with an update on Africa. World development, 63, 11-32. Moore, J. W. (2015). Capitalism in the web of life: Ecology and the accumulation of capital. Verso.
  • Rodrik, D. (2016). Premature deindustrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21(1), 1–33.
  • Storm, S. (2023). Reclaiming Industrial Policy: Structural Transformation and the Role of the State. Development and Change, 54(2), 301–326.
  • Szirmai, A. (2012). Industrialization as an Engine of Growth in Developing Countries, 1950–2005. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23(4), 406–420.
  • Taylor, L. (2004). Reconstructing macroeconomics: Structuralist proposals and critiques of the mainstream. Harvard University Press.
  • UNCTAD. (2021). World investment report 2021: Investing in sustainable recovery. United Nations.
  • UNIDO. (2020). Industrial development report 2020: Industrializing in the digital age. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
  • Varol, N. B. (2018). Uluslararası Mal Ticaretinde Küresel Değer Zincirleri (Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi).
  • Wallerstein, I. (2005). World-systems analysis: An introduction. Duke University Press.

Determinants of Industrial Deepening in Developing Economies: A Panel Data Analysis (2000–2022))

Year 2025, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 166 - 197, 25.09.2025

Abstract

Purpose: This study approaches industrial deepening not merely as an increase in sectoral output, but as a qualitative transformation in the structure of production. Using panel data analysis, the research investigates the structural factors that determine industrial deepening in four semi-peripheral countries: Turkey, Indonesia, Argentina, and South Africa. The selection of these countries is based on their classification within the semi-periphery of Wallerstein’s World-System Theory. The multidimensional nature of industrial deepening is explored through variables such as R&D expenditures, foreign direct investment (FDI), import composition, and government effectiveness.
Methodology: A balanced annual panel dataset covering the period 2000–2022 is used, and the fixed effects model is employed. The dependent variable is the share of manufacturing value added (MVA) in GDP. Independent variables include R&D expenditures, FDI, capital and intermediate goods imports, and government effectiveness. The model passes standard assumption tests, and in its simplified version, only R&D and FDI—identified as statistically significant—are retained.
Findings: R&D expenditures emerge as the most robust determinant of industrial deepening. While the impact of FDI varies across countries, it is generally found to be positive. Other variables do not exhibit statistical significance. The explanatory power of the model is moderate (R² = 0.298).
Implications: By integrating the developmental state perspective with dependency theory, the study offers a dual-layered explanation of industrial deepening through both external structural constraints and internal institutional capacities. Policy recommendations highlight the importance of promoting R&D and supporting technology-intensive investments.
Limitations: The generalizability and depth of the findings are constrained by factors such as the limited number of countries, data availability, and the inability to fully capture dynamic effects.

References

  • Amin, S. (1977). Unequal development: An essay on the social formations of peripheral capitalism. Monthly Review Press.
  • Amsden, A. H. (1992). Asia's next giant: South Korea and late industrialization. Oxford University Press.
  • Amsden, A. H. (2001). The rise of “the rest”: Challenges to the west from late-industrializing economies. Oxford University Press.
  • Arrighi, G. (1994). The long twentieth century: Money, power and the origins of our times. Verso.
  • Boratav, K., & Yeldan, E. (2006). Turkey, 1980-2000: Financial liberalization, macroeconomic (in)-stability, and patterns of distribution. Chp14, 417-455.
  • Cardoso, F. H., & Faletto, E. (1979). Dependency and development in Latin America. University of California Press.
  • Chase-Dunn, C. (1998). Global formation: Structures of the world economy. Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Evans, P. (1995). Embedded autonomy: States and industrial transformation. Princeton University Press.
  • Gambarotto, F., Rangone, M., & Solari) (2019). Financialization and deindustrialization in the Southern European periphery. Athens Journal of Mediterranean Studies, 5(3), 151-172.
  • Gereffi, G. (2014). Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world. Review of International Political Economy, 21(1), 9–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2012.756414
  • Gereffi, G. (2017). Global value chains in a post-Washington Consensus world. In Global Value Chains and Global Production Networks (pp. 9-37). Routledge.
  • Hirschman, A. O. (1958). The strategy of economic development. Yale University Press.
  • Kaplinsky, R. (2000). Globalisation and unequalisation: what can be learned from value chain analysis?. Journal of development studies, 37(2), 117-146. McMichael, P. (2016). Development and social change: A global perspective (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  • Kaplinsky, R. (2005). Globalization, poverty and inequality: Between a rock and a hard place. Polity Press.
  • McMillan, M., Rodrik, D., & Verduzco-Gallo, Í. (2014). Globalization, structural change, and productivity growth, with an update on Africa. World development, 63, 11-32. Moore, J. W. (2015). Capitalism in the web of life: Ecology and the accumulation of capital. Verso.
  • Rodrik, D. (2016). Premature deindustrialization. Journal of Economic Growth, 21(1), 1–33.
  • Storm, S. (2023). Reclaiming Industrial Policy: Structural Transformation and the Role of the State. Development and Change, 54(2), 301–326.
  • Szirmai, A. (2012). Industrialization as an Engine of Growth in Developing Countries, 1950–2005. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 23(4), 406–420.
  • Taylor, L. (2004). Reconstructing macroeconomics: Structuralist proposals and critiques of the mainstream. Harvard University Press.
  • UNCTAD. (2021). World investment report 2021: Investing in sustainable recovery. United Nations.
  • UNIDO. (2020). Industrial development report 2020: Industrializing in the digital age. United Nations Industrial Development Organization.
  • Varol, N. B. (2018). Uluslararası Mal Ticaretinde Küresel Değer Zincirleri (Doktora Tezi, Marmara Üniversitesi).
  • Wallerstein, I. (2005). World-systems analysis: An introduction. Duke University Press.
There are 23 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Panel Data Analysis, Applied Macroeconometrics, Growth, Development Economics - Macro, International Economics (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Didem Nur Tezcan 0000-0001-5925-1814

Submission Date June 4, 2025
Acceptance Date July 16, 2025
Early Pub Date September 17, 2025
Publication Date September 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Tezcan, D. N. (2025). Sanayi Derinleşmesinin Belirleyicileri: Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Panel Veri ile Ampirik Bir Değerlendirme (2000–2022). Başkent Üniversitesi Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 166-197.