Research Article

THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Volume: 4 Number: 1 July 28, 2025
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THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Abstract

This study investigates the determinants of birth rate across 81 Turkish provinces from 2018 to 2023, focusing on the effects of marriage rate, aging population, and GDP per capita with a particular focus on the effect of the COVID19 pandemic. To address the challenges posed by province-specific heterogeneity, the study employs panel data methods to estimate both Fixed Effects (FE) and Random Effects (RE) models. Furthermore, the selection of the most appropriate model specification is facilitated by the Hausman test, confirming the appropriateness of the FE model. while the robustness of the findings is ensured through the application of heteroskedasticity test. The estimation results of this study suggest a positive relationship between the marriage rate and the birth rate while the aging population, defined as the ratio of people aged 65 and over in the population and GDP per capita show significant negative effects. Moreover, the COVID19 pandemic is found to have a statistically significant negative impact on birth rates. Furthermore, the findings underscore the substantial impact of the pandemic on birth rates, highlighting declining shifts in demographic patterns during and following the pandemic. This study has made a significant contribution to the existing literature by offering a province-level empirical analysis of Turkiye. It provides valuable insights for policymakers on demographic trends, family planning, and economic development.

Keywords

References

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  7. Choi, S.-Y. Y., & Kang-Shik. (2024). An Analysis of the Causes of Low Fertility Rate in Korea: From the Economic Perspective. East and West Studies, 36(3), 67-89.
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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

International Economics (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

July 11, 2025

Publication Date

July 28, 2025

Submission Date

April 7, 2025

Acceptance Date

April 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 4 Number: 1

APA
Korucu Gümüşoğlu, N. (2025). THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Journal of Economics Business and International Relations-JEBI, 4(1), 200-215. https://doi.org/10.58654/jebi.1670991
AMA
1.Korucu Gümüşoğlu N. THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. JEBI. 2025;4(1):200-215. doi:10.58654/jebi.1670991
Chicago
Korucu Gümüşoğlu, Nebile. 2025. “THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Journal of Economics Business and International Relations-JEBI 4 (1): 200-215. https://doi.org/10.58654/jebi.1670991.
EndNote
Korucu Gümüşoğlu N (July 1, 2025) THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Journal of Economics Business and International Relations-JEBI 4 1 200–215.
IEEE
[1]N. Korucu Gümüşoğlu, “THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”, JEBI, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 200–215, July 2025, doi: 10.58654/jebi.1670991.
ISNAD
Korucu Gümüşoğlu, Nebile. “THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Journal of Economics Business and International Relations-JEBI 4/1 (July 1, 2025): 200-215. https://doi.org/10.58654/jebi.1670991.
JAMA
1.Korucu Gümüşoğlu N. THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. JEBI. 2025;4:200–215.
MLA
Korucu Gümüşoğlu, Nebile. “THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC”. Journal of Economics Business and International Relations-JEBI, vol. 4, no. 1, July 2025, pp. 200-15, doi:10.58654/jebi.1670991.
Vancouver
1.Nebile Korucu Gümüşoğlu. THE NEXUS BETWEEN BIRTH RATE, MARRIAGE RATE, AGING POPULATION, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM TURKIYE PROVINCES AMID THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. JEBI. 2025 Jul. 1;4(1):200-15. doi:10.58654/jebi.1670991