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Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students

Year 2014, Issue: 6, 59 - 70, 12.08.2015

Abstract

Individuals may prefer to learn a language in various ways and there may be some factors that influence their ability to learn a foreign language. In this regard, research on learning styles may shed light on the possible reasons why there are differences on students’ level of success in foreign language classroom. Thus, the present study examines the perceptual learning style preferences of Turkish high school students. The first aim of the study is to investigate whether the perceptual learning style preferences of the students vary in terms of gender and proficiency level. Second, this study intends to examine the relation between perceptual learning styles and language proficiency.

   The study has a mixed-methods design, so Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Questionnaire was used to collect data and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Also, the respondents’ language proficiency levels were elaborated via the results of the placement test. The population of the study includes high school English as Foreign Language students and the sample consists of one hundred 9th grade high school students.

   The findings indicate that kinesthetic style is the most preferred followed by auditory and visual styles whereas group learning style is the least. Further, pre-intermediate level female students prefer visual style more than the elementary level females. Third, a statistically negative correlation between the respondents’ perceptual learning style preferences and their language proficiency is found, but interview data reported positive influence of knowing preferred learning style on the foreign language achievement. 

Gender and proficiency level may influence the learning style preferences, so language teachers should vary their teaching styles by considering the factors such as gender and proficiency level of their students. Additionally, recognizing the preferred learning style may positively help the language learner in the foreign language classroom, so language teachers may apply some instruments to the students in the beginning of the school year in order to reveal their preferred learning style and teachers should inform their students on this issue. 

Keywords: Learning styles, English language proficiency, high school students.

References

  • Bidabadi, F. S., & Yamat, H. (2010). Learning style preferences by Iranian EFL freshman university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 219-226.
  • Cassidy, S. (2004). Learning styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures. Educational Psychology, 24(4), 419-444.
  • Castro, O., & Peck, V. (2005). Learning styles and foreign language learning difficulties. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 401-409.
  • Chen, M-L. (2009). Influence of grade level on perceptual learning style preferences and language learning strategies of Taiwanese English as a foreign language learners. Learning and Individual Differences, 19, 304-308.
  • DeCapua, A., & Wintergerst, A. C. (2005). Assessing and validating a learning styles instrument. System, 33, 1-16.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Drysdale, M. T. B., Ross, J. L., & Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cognitive learning styles and academic performance in 19 first-year university courses: Successful students versus students at risk. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 6(3), 271-289.
  • Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hargadon, S. (2010). Learning style theory versus sustained hard work. Available in:
  • www.stevehargadon.com/2010/learning styles-theory-versus-sustained.html.
  • Isemonger, I., & Sheppard, C. (2003). Learning styles. RELC Journal 34(2), 195-222.
  • Isemonger, I. (2012). Perceptual learning styles and lessons in psychometric weakness. JALT Journal, 34(1), 5-34.
  • Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. (Retrieved January 20, 2014 from http://www.sagepub.com/foundations/includes/Appendix%20A.Ivankova,%20et%20al.2006.pdf ).
  • Jhaish, M. A. (2010). The relationship among learning styles, language learning strategies, and the academic achievement among the English majors at Al-Aqsa University (Unpublished master’s thesis). The Islamic University.
  • Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., Schmeck, R. R., & Avdic, A. (2011). The big five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 472-477.
  • Montgomery, S. M. (1995). Addressing diverse learning styles through the use of multimedia. In: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Naserieh, F., & Anani Sarab, M. R. (2013). Perceptual learning style preferences among Iranian graduate students. System, 41, 122-133.
  • Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Journal of the Association for the Psychological Science, 9(3), 105–119.
  • Peacock, M. (2001). Match or mismatch: Learning styles and teaching styles in EFL. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 11(1), 1-20.
  • Psaltou-Joycey, A., & Kantaridou, Z. (2011). Major, minor, and negative learning style preferences of university students. System, 39, 103-112.
  • Reid, J. M. (1987). The learning style preferences of ESL students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(1), 87- 110.
  • Reid , J. M. (Ed.). (1998). Preface. In J. M. Reid (Ed.). Understanding learning styles in the second language classroom. (pp. ix- xiv). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Riazi, A., & Mansoorian, M. A. (2008). Learning style preferences among Iranian male and female EFL students.
  • Iranian EFL Journal Quarterly, 2, 88-100. (Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.iranian-efl-journal.com/Iranian-EFL-Journal-second-edition.pdf.).
  • Seifoori, Z., & Zarei, M. (2011). The relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ perceptual learning styles and their multiple intelligences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1606-1613.
  • Stevenson, J., & Dunn, R. (2001). Knowledge management and learning styles: Prescriptions for future teachers. College Student Journal, 35(4), 483-490.
  • Tabanlıoğlu, S. (2003). The relationship between learning styles and language learning strategies of pre-intermediate EAP students (Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University The Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Tabatabaei, O., & Mashayekhi, S. (2013). The relationship between EFL learners’ learning styles and their L2 achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 245-253.
  • Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. Cambridge: CUP.
  • Wintergerst, A. C., & DeCapua, A. (2001). Exploring the learning styles of Russian-speaking ESL students. The CATESOL Journal, 13(1), 23-46.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2004). Comparison and contrast of the learning styles of the prep class students and the teaching styles of the English teachers at some Anatolian high schools (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.

Lise 1. Sınıf Türk Öğrencilerinin Algısal Öğrenme Stili Tercihleri

Year 2014, Issue: 6, 59 - 70, 12.08.2015

Abstract

Bireysel öğrenme farklılıklarının dil öğrenmeye etkisi olduğu pek çok uzman tarafından kabul edilen bir gerçektir. Öğrenme stilleri de yabancı dil öğrenimini etkileyen bireysel öğrenme farklılıklarından biridir. Bu çalışma Türk lise öğrencilerinin algısal öğrenme stili tercihlerini incelemektedir. Çalışmanın ilk amacı öğrencilerin algısal öğrenme stillerinin cinsiyet ve dil yeterliliği seviyesine göre değişiklik gösterip göstermediğini incelemektir. Ayrıca, bu çalışma algısal öğrenme stilleri ile dil yeterliliği arasındaki ilişkiyi de incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada karma-yöntem kullanılmıştır, yani veri toplamak için Reid (1987) tarafından geliştirilen Algısal Öğrenme Stili Tercihleri Envanteri kullanılmış ve yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler uygulanmıştır. Ayrıca, öğrencilerin dil yeterlilik seviyesi seviye sınavı sonuçlarına göre belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın evrenini İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen lise öğrencileri, örneklemini ise yüz tane 9. Sınıf lise öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Nicel bulgular kinestetik stilin en çok tercih edilen stil olduğunu ve bunu işitsel ve görsel stilin takip ettiğini ancak grupla öğrenme stilinin en az tercih edilen stil olduğunu göstermiştir. Dahası görüşme verileri de bu nicel bulgular ile örtüşmekte ve özellikle grupla öğrenmenin en az tercih edilen stil olması konusunda gürültü, iletişim problemleri, grup içi sorumluluğun adil olmayışı gibi sebepler belirtilmektedir. Cinsiyet ve yabancı dil yeterliliğinin öğrenme stili tercihlerine etkisi incelendiğinde ise ara düzey kız öğrencilerin görsel stili temel düzey kız öğrencilerden daha fazla tercih ettikleri görülmüş ancak erkek öğrenciler arasında herhangi bir anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Son olarak, öğrencilerin algısal öğrenme stili tercihleri ile yabancı dil yeterliliği arasında istatistiksel açıdan negatif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Ancak görüşme verileri bu bulgunun tam tersini göstermektedir. Yani algısal öğrenme stilini bilmenin motivasyonu ve derse katılımı arttırdığı, konuyu daha iyi anlamayı sağladığı gibi olumlu etkileri ortaya konmuş, sonuç olarak yabancı dil yeterliliğini olumlu anlamda etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma cinsiyet ve yabancı dil yeterlilik seviyesinin öğrenme stili tercihlerini etkileyebileceğini göstermektedir, bu yüzden yabancı dil öğretmenleri bu etkenleri göz önüne alarak öğretme stillerini çeşitlendirmelidir. Ayrıca, nicel veriler öğrenme stili tercihi ile yabancı dil yeterliliği arasında olumsuz bir ilişki olduğunu göstermesine rağmen görüşme verileri öğrenme stili tercihini bilmenin yabancı dil başarısını olumlu yönde etkileyeceğini göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda, yabancı dil öğretmenleri ders yılı başında öğrencilerini öğrenme stili tercihleri hakkında bilgilendirmeli, mümkünse çeşitli anketler uygulayarak öğrencilerin tercih ettikleri stili fark etmelerine yardımcı olmaları gerekmektedir

References

  • Bidabadi, F. S., & Yamat, H. (2010). Learning style preferences by Iranian EFL freshman university students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 219-226.
  • Cassidy, S. (2004). Learning styles: An overview of theories, models, and measures. Educational Psychology, 24(4), 419-444.
  • Castro, O., & Peck, V. (2005). Learning styles and foreign language learning difficulties. Foreign Language Annals, 38(3), 401-409.
  • Chen, M-L. (2009). Influence of grade level on perceptual learning style preferences and language learning strategies of Taiwanese English as a foreign language learners. Learning and Individual Differences, 19, 304-308.
  • DeCapua, A., & Wintergerst, A. C. (2005). Assessing and validating a learning styles instrument. System, 33, 1-16.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of language learner: Individual differences in second language acquisition. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Drysdale, M. T. B., Ross, J. L., & Schulz, R. A. (2001). Cognitive learning styles and academic performance in 19 first-year university courses: Successful students versus students at risk. Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk, 6(3), 271-289.
  • Ellis, R. (1985). Understanding second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hargadon, S. (2010). Learning style theory versus sustained hard work. Available in:
  • www.stevehargadon.com/2010/learning styles-theory-versus-sustained.html.
  • Isemonger, I., & Sheppard, C. (2003). Learning styles. RELC Journal 34(2), 195-222.
  • Isemonger, I. (2012). Perceptual learning styles and lessons in psychometric weakness. JALT Journal, 34(1), 5-34.
  • Ivankova, N. V., Creswell, J. W., & Stick, S. L. (2006). Using mixed-methods sequential explanatory design: From theory to practice. (Retrieved January 20, 2014 from http://www.sagepub.com/foundations/includes/Appendix%20A.Ivankova,%20et%20al.2006.pdf ).
  • Jhaish, M. A. (2010). The relationship among learning styles, language learning strategies, and the academic achievement among the English majors at Al-Aqsa University (Unpublished master’s thesis). The Islamic University.
  • Komarraju, M., Karau, S. J., Schmeck, R. R., & Avdic, A. (2011). The big five personality traits, learning styles, and academic achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 472-477.
  • Montgomery, S. M. (1995). Addressing diverse learning styles through the use of multimedia. In: Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference, vol. 1. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA.
  • Naserieh, F., & Anani Sarab, M. R. (2013). Perceptual learning style preferences among Iranian graduate students. System, 41, 122-133.
  • Pashler, H., McDaniel, M., Rohrer, D., & Bjork, R. (2008). Learning styles: Concepts and evidence. Journal of the Association for the Psychological Science, 9(3), 105–119.
  • Peacock, M. (2001). Match or mismatch: Learning styles and teaching styles in EFL. International Journal of Applied Linguistics 11(1), 1-20.
  • Psaltou-Joycey, A., & Kantaridou, Z. (2011). Major, minor, and negative learning style preferences of university students. System, 39, 103-112.
  • Reid, J. M. (1987). The learning style preferences of ESL students. TESOL Quarterly, 21(1), 87- 110.
  • Reid , J. M. (Ed.). (1998). Preface. In J. M. Reid (Ed.). Understanding learning styles in the second language classroom. (pp. ix- xiv). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
  • Riazi, A., & Mansoorian, M. A. (2008). Learning style preferences among Iranian male and female EFL students.
  • Iranian EFL Journal Quarterly, 2, 88-100. (Retrieved December 12, 2013 from http://www.iranian-efl-journal.com/Iranian-EFL-Journal-second-edition.pdf.).
  • Seifoori, Z., & Zarei, M. (2011). The relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ perceptual learning styles and their multiple intelligences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1606-1613.
  • Stevenson, J., & Dunn, R. (2001). Knowledge management and learning styles: Prescriptions for future teachers. College Student Journal, 35(4), 483-490.
  • Tabanlıoğlu, S. (2003). The relationship between learning styles and language learning strategies of pre-intermediate EAP students (Unpublished master’s thesis). Middle East Technical University The Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara.
  • Tabatabaei, O., & Mashayekhi, S. (2013). The relationship between EFL learners’ learning styles and their L2 achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 245-253.
  • Williams, M., & Burden, R. L. (1997). Psychology for language teachers: A social constructivist approach. Cambridge: CUP.
  • Wintergerst, A. C., & DeCapua, A. (2001). Exploring the learning styles of Russian-speaking ESL students. The CATESOL Journal, 13(1), 23-46.
  • Yılmaz, B. (2004). Comparison and contrast of the learning styles of the prep class students and the teaching styles of the English teachers at some Anatolian high schools (Unpublished master’s thesis). Gazi University Institute of Educational Sciences, Ankara.
There are 32 citations in total.

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Pınar Yeni Palabıyık

Publication Date August 12, 2015
Published in Issue Year 2014 Issue: 6

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APA Yeni Palabıyık, P. (2015). Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students. Journal of Education and Future(6), 59-70.
AMA Yeni Palabıyık P. Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students. JEF. August 2015;(6):59-70.
Chicago Yeni Palabıyık, Pınar. “Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Among Turkish Junior High School Students”. Journal of Education and Future, no. 6 (August 2015): 59-70.
EndNote Yeni Palabıyık P (August 1, 2015) Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students. Journal of Education and Future 6 59–70.
IEEE P. Yeni Palabıyık, “Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students”, JEF, no. 6, pp. 59–70, August 2015.
ISNAD Yeni Palabıyık, Pınar. “Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Among Turkish Junior High School Students”. Journal of Education and Future 6 (August 2015), 59-70.
JAMA Yeni Palabıyık P. Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students. JEF. 2015;:59–70.
MLA Yeni Palabıyık, Pınar. “Perceptual Learning Style Preferences Among Turkish Junior High School Students”. Journal of Education and Future, no. 6, 2015, pp. 59-70.
Vancouver Yeni Palabıyık P. Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Turkish Junior High School Students. JEF. 2015(6):59-70.

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