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YOKSULLUĞUN AZALTILMASINDA İŞÇİ DÖVİZLERİNİN ROLÜ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 346 - 354, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1308

Abstract

Amaç - Bu çalışmanın amacı, Dünya Bankası verilerine göre 2019 yılında en fazla göçmen gönderisi alan 10 gelişmekte olan ülkede göçmen gönderilerinin yoksulluk üzerindeki etkisini incelemektir.
Yöntem - Değişkenlere ait verilerin kesikli olması ve gözlem sayısının düşüklüğü nedeniyle statik panel yöntemlerinden havuzlanmış EKK, sabit etkiler ve rassal etkiler modeli ile tahmin yapılmıştır.
Bulgular- Çalışmadan elde edilen ampirik bulgulara göre, göçmen gönderileri tüm yoksulluk endeksleri üzerinde negatif yönlü ve anlamlı etkiye sahiptir. Ayrıca uzun dönemde kişi başı gelir düzeyinde artış yoksulluğu azaltıcı etkilere sahipken enflasyon oranlarındaki yükseliş, yoksulluğu derinleştirmektedir.
Sonuç- Küresel göç hareketlerinin artmasıyla birlikte ülkelerin sosyo-ekonomik kalkınmasında işçi dövizlerinin önemi artmaktadır. Bu nedenle, işçi dövizi alan ülkelerin, bu döviz kaynağını doğru bir şekilde yönetmek için politikalar geliştirmeleri önemlidir.

References

  • Abduvaliev, M. ve Bustillo, R. (2019). “Impact of Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction amongs CIS Countries”, Post-Communist Economies, 32(4), 525-546.
  • Acosta, P., Fajnzylber, P. ve Lopez, J.H. (2007). “The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human Capital: Evidence from Latin American Household Surveys”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,4247, WPS4247.
  • Adams, R. (1991). ‘The Effects of International Remittances on Poverty, Inequality, and Development in Rural Egypt’, IFPRI Research Report 86, Washington.
  • Adams, R. ve Page, J. (2003). “International Migration Remittances and Poverty in Developing Countries”, Policy Research Working Paper, No:3179, Washington, DC.
  • Adams, R. ve Page, J. (2005). “Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?”, World Development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
  • Ahlburg, D.A, (1996). “Remittances And The Income Distribution in Tonga”, Population Research and Policy Review, 15(4), 391-400.
  • Andersen, L., Christensen, B. ve Tejerina, O. M. (2005). The Impact of Aid on Recipient Behavior: A Micro-Level Dynamic Analysis Of Remittances, Schooling, Work, Consumption, Investment and Social Mobility in Nicaragua, Grupo Integral Study No. GI-E12.
  • Ang A. P., Sugiyarto, G. ve Jha, S. (2009). Remittances and Household Behavior in the Philippines. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 188. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
  • Anyanwu, J.C. ve Erhijakpor, A. E.O., (2010). “Do International Remittances Affect Poverty in Africa?”,African Development Review, 22(1) 51-91.
  • Azam, J.-P. ve F. Gubert (2006). ‘Migrants’ Remittances and the Household in Africa: A Review of Evidence’, Journal of African Economies, Vol. 15, AERC Supplement 2, 426–62.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons Publication.
  • Barham, B. ve Boucher, S. (1998). “Migration, Remittances, and Inequality: Estimating The Net Effects of Migration on Income Distribution”, Journal of Development Economics, 55,307–31.
  • Beck, N. ve Katz, J. N. (1995). “What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data,” American Political Science Review, 89, 634–647.
  • Bridi, H. (2005). Consequences of Labour Migration for the Developing Countries Management of Remittances, World Bank Brussels Office.
  • Brown, R. P., ve Walker, C. (1995). Migrants and Their Remittances: Results of a Household Survey of Tongans and Estern Samoans in Sidney, Pacific Studies Monograph, No:17, Centre for South Pacific Studies, University of New South Wales.
  • Brown, R. P., ve Leeves, G. (2007). Impacts of International Migration and Remittances on Source Country Household Incomes in Small Island States; Fiji and Tonga. Working Papers 07–13. Rome: Agricultural and Development Economics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization.
  • Chami, R., C. Fullenkamp ve Jahjah, S. (2005). ‘Are Immigrant Remittances Flows a Source of Capital for Development?’, IMF Staff Papers, 52, (1).
  • Foster, J., Greer, J. ve Thorbecke, E. (1984). “A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures,” Econometrica, 52(3): 761-766.
  • Ghosh, B. (2006). ‘Migrants’ Remittances and Development: Myths, Rhetoric and Realities’, International Organization for Migration (IOM).
  • Giuliano, Paola ve Ruiz-Arranz, Marta (2005). Remittances, Financial Development, and Growth. IMF Working Paper Research Department, WP/05/234.
  • Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis, Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). “Specification Tests in Econometrics,” Econometrica, 43, 727-738.
  • Hein, D. H. (2005). “International Migration, Remittances and Development: Myths and Facts.” Third World Quarterly 26 (8): 1269‒84.
  • Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data, Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Imai, K. S., Gaiha, R., Ali, A. ve Kaicker, N. (2014). “Remittances, Growth, and Poverty: New Evidence from Asian Countries.” Journal of Policy Modeling 36: 524‒38.
  • Knomad, Remittances Data (2019). Migration and Remittances: Recent Developments and Outlook. Migration and Development Brief 31, April 2019, World Bank.
  • Lipton, M. (1980). “Migration from Rural Areas of Poor Countries: The Impact on Rural Productivity and Income Distribution”, World Development, 8(1), 1-24.
  • IOM (2000). World Migration Report, 2020 .............................................
  • Nsiah, C. ve Fayissa, B. (2013). “Remittances And Economic Growth in Africa, Asia and Latin American-Caribbean Countries: A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Analysis”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 37(3), 424-441.
  • Rosser, E. (2008). “ Immigrant Remittances”, Connecticut Law Review, 41(1), 1-61.
  • Sorensen, N. ve Pedersen, P. (2002). ‘The Migration and Development Nexus: Evidence and Policy Options’, Policy Study, Center for Development Research (CDR), Copenhagen.
  • Taylor, J. E.ve Wyatt, T.J. (1996). “The Shadow Value of Migrant Remittances, Income and Inequality in A Household-Farm Economy.” Journal of Development Studies, 32(6), 899–912.
  • Taylor, J.E., Mora, J., Adams, R. ve Lopez-Feldman, A. (2005). ‘Remittances, Inequality and Poverty: Evidence from Rural Mexico’, Working Paper No. 05-003, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis.
  • Vijayamohanan, P. N. (2016). Panel Data Analysis with Stata Part 1: Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models. MPRA Paper No. 76869
  • Woodruff, C. ve Zenteno, R. (2001). Remittances and Microenterprices in Mexico, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies Working Paper.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2012). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, Fifth Edition. Ohio: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı. Beta Basım Yayın, İstanbul.
  • Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. ve Otsuka, M. (2017). International Remittances and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Asian Developing Countries, ADBI Working Paper, No: 759

THE ROLE OF REMITTANCES ON POVERTY REDUCTION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Year 2020, Volume: 7 Issue: 4, 346 - 354, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1308

Abstract

Purpose - This study aims to analyze the impact of remittances on poverty in the largest remittance-receiving 10 developing countries in 2019 in the light of World Bank data.
Methodology – Due to lack of data and insufficient observations, this study employed static panel methods including pooled OLS, fixed effect and random effect estimations.
Findings- Empirical findings obtained in the study show that remittances have statistically significant and negative effects on all poverty measures considered. In addition, while the increase in per capita income in the long run has poverty-reducing effects, the rise in inflation rates deepens poverty.
Conclusion- With the increase in global migration movements, the importance of remittances in the socio-economic development of countries is increasing. For this reason, it is important that countries receiving remittances develop well-considered policies to manage remittances correctly.

References

  • Abduvaliev, M. ve Bustillo, R. (2019). “Impact of Remittances on Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction amongs CIS Countries”, Post-Communist Economies, 32(4), 525-546.
  • Acosta, P., Fajnzylber, P. ve Lopez, J.H. (2007). “The Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Human Capital: Evidence from Latin American Household Surveys”, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper,4247, WPS4247.
  • Adams, R. (1991). ‘The Effects of International Remittances on Poverty, Inequality, and Development in Rural Egypt’, IFPRI Research Report 86, Washington.
  • Adams, R. ve Page, J. (2003). “International Migration Remittances and Poverty in Developing Countries”, Policy Research Working Paper, No:3179, Washington, DC.
  • Adams, R. ve Page, J. (2005). “Do International Migration and Remittances Reduce Poverty in Developing Countries?”, World Development, 33(10), 1645-1669.
  • Ahlburg, D.A, (1996). “Remittances And The Income Distribution in Tonga”, Population Research and Policy Review, 15(4), 391-400.
  • Andersen, L., Christensen, B. ve Tejerina, O. M. (2005). The Impact of Aid on Recipient Behavior: A Micro-Level Dynamic Analysis Of Remittances, Schooling, Work, Consumption, Investment and Social Mobility in Nicaragua, Grupo Integral Study No. GI-E12.
  • Ang A. P., Sugiyarto, G. ve Jha, S. (2009). Remittances and Household Behavior in the Philippines. ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 188. Manila: Asian Development Bank.
  • Anyanwu, J.C. ve Erhijakpor, A. E.O., (2010). “Do International Remittances Affect Poverty in Africa?”,African Development Review, 22(1) 51-91.
  • Azam, J.-P. ve F. Gubert (2006). ‘Migrants’ Remittances and the Household in Africa: A Review of Evidence’, Journal of African Economies, Vol. 15, AERC Supplement 2, 426–62.
  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Third Edition. NewYork: John Wiley and Sons Publication.
  • Barham, B. ve Boucher, S. (1998). “Migration, Remittances, and Inequality: Estimating The Net Effects of Migration on Income Distribution”, Journal of Development Economics, 55,307–31.
  • Beck, N. ve Katz, J. N. (1995). “What to Do (and Not to Do) with Time-Series Cross-Section Data,” American Political Science Review, 89, 634–647.
  • Bridi, H. (2005). Consequences of Labour Migration for the Developing Countries Management of Remittances, World Bank Brussels Office.
  • Brown, R. P., ve Walker, C. (1995). Migrants and Their Remittances: Results of a Household Survey of Tongans and Estern Samoans in Sidney, Pacific Studies Monograph, No:17, Centre for South Pacific Studies, University of New South Wales.
  • Brown, R. P., ve Leeves, G. (2007). Impacts of International Migration and Remittances on Source Country Household Incomes in Small Island States; Fiji and Tonga. Working Papers 07–13. Rome: Agricultural and Development Economics Division, Food and Agriculture Organization.
  • Chami, R., C. Fullenkamp ve Jahjah, S. (2005). ‘Are Immigrant Remittances Flows a Source of Capital for Development?’, IMF Staff Papers, 52, (1).
  • Foster, J., Greer, J. ve Thorbecke, E. (1984). “A Class of Decomposable Poverty Measures,” Econometrica, 52(3): 761-766.
  • Ghosh, B. (2006). ‘Migrants’ Remittances and Development: Myths, Rhetoric and Realities’, International Organization for Migration (IOM).
  • Giuliano, Paola ve Ruiz-Arranz, Marta (2005). Remittances, Financial Development, and Growth. IMF Working Paper Research Department, WP/05/234.
  • Greene, W. H. (2003). Econometric Analysis, Fifth Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
  • Hausman, J. A. (1978). “Specification Tests in Econometrics,” Econometrica, 43, 727-738.
  • Hein, D. H. (2005). “International Migration, Remittances and Development: Myths and Facts.” Third World Quarterly 26 (8): 1269‒84.
  • Hsiao, C. (2003). Analysis of Panel Data, Second Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Imai, K. S., Gaiha, R., Ali, A. ve Kaicker, N. (2014). “Remittances, Growth, and Poverty: New Evidence from Asian Countries.” Journal of Policy Modeling 36: 524‒38.
  • Knomad, Remittances Data (2019). Migration and Remittances: Recent Developments and Outlook. Migration and Development Brief 31, April 2019, World Bank.
  • Lipton, M. (1980). “Migration from Rural Areas of Poor Countries: The Impact on Rural Productivity and Income Distribution”, World Development, 8(1), 1-24.
  • IOM (2000). World Migration Report, 2020 .............................................
  • Nsiah, C. ve Fayissa, B. (2013). “Remittances And Economic Growth in Africa, Asia and Latin American-Caribbean Countries: A Panel Unit Root and Panel Cointegration Analysis”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 37(3), 424-441.
  • Rosser, E. (2008). “ Immigrant Remittances”, Connecticut Law Review, 41(1), 1-61.
  • Sorensen, N. ve Pedersen, P. (2002). ‘The Migration and Development Nexus: Evidence and Policy Options’, Policy Study, Center for Development Research (CDR), Copenhagen.
  • Taylor, J. E.ve Wyatt, T.J. (1996). “The Shadow Value of Migrant Remittances, Income and Inequality in A Household-Farm Economy.” Journal of Development Studies, 32(6), 899–912.
  • Taylor, J.E., Mora, J., Adams, R. ve Lopez-Feldman, A. (2005). ‘Remittances, Inequality and Poverty: Evidence from Rural Mexico’, Working Paper No. 05-003, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, Davis.
  • Vijayamohanan, P. N. (2016). Panel Data Analysis with Stata Part 1: Fixed Effects and Random Effects Models. MPRA Paper No. 76869
  • Woodruff, C. ve Zenteno, R. (2001). Remittances and Microenterprices in Mexico, Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies Working Paper.
  • Wooldridge, J. M. (2012). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, Fifth Edition. Ohio: South-Western, Cengage Learning.
  • Yerdelen Tatoğlu, Ferda (2013). Panel Veri Ekonometrisi: Stata Uygulamalı. Beta Basım Yayın, İstanbul.
  • Yoshino, N., Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. ve Otsuka, M. (2017). International Remittances and Poverty Reduction: Evidence from Asian Developing Countries, ADBI Working Paper, No: 759
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics, Finance, Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Gulbahar Ucler This is me 0000-0002-5872-8577

Serife Ozsahın This is me 0000-0001-8310-1816

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 7 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ucler, G., & Ozsahın, S. (2020). YOKSULLUĞUN AZALTILMASINDA İŞÇİ DÖVİZLERİNİN ROLÜ: GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ANALİZ. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 7(4), 346-354. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1308

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