Innovation Process: A Meta-Analysis of Research on Innovation in New Product Development

Year 2012, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 1 - 23, 01.06.2012

Nükhet Harmancıoğlu

Abstract

This research provides a meta-analysis of marketing, management and new product studies that have empirically examined the relationships of innovation with either antecedents e.g., customer orientation and/or outcomes new product performance . This study extends previous meta-analytic works by drawing upon 70 independent samples from 64 studies published from 1970-2006 with a total sample size of 12921. The goals are to derive generalizations from the marketing, management and new product literatures. The overall objective is to propose a synthesized model that permits evaluation of key mediators. Using structural equation modeling techniques, this study explores a ‘theory-driven’ model that includes customer orientation, competitor orientation, organizational structure, technological turbulence, market turbulence, innovation, and new product performance.

Keywords

Innovation, new product development, meta-Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling, resource-based view.

İnovasyon Süreci: Yeni Ürün Geliştirmede İnovasyon Literatürünün Teorik Meta Analizi

Abstract

Bu araştırma, inovasyonun öncül faktörleriyle örneğin müşteri odaklılık ve/veya sonuçlarıyla yeni ürün performansı olan ilişkisini ampirik olarak inceleyen pazarlama, yönetim ve yeni ürün literatürlerindeki çalışmalarının meta-analizini sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma, 1970-2006 arası yayınlanan 64 çalışmadan 70 bağımsız örneğinin oluşturduğu toplam 12921 büyüklüğünde bir örneklem kullanarak daha önceki meta analitik çalışmaların kapsamını genişletmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı, pazarlama, yönetim ve yeni ürün literatürlerindeki genellemeleri çıkarmaktır. Genel amaç, temel aracı değişkenlerin değerlendirilmelerine olanak sağlayan, sentez haline getirilmiş bir model önermektir. Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi tekniklerini kullanan bu çalışma, müşteri odaklılık, rakip odaklılık, örgütsel yapı, teknoloji dalgalanması, pazar dalgalanması, inovasyon, ve yeni ürün performansını içeren “teori odaklı” bir modeli incelemektedir.

Keywords

İnovasyon, Yeni Ürün Geliştirme, Meta Analizi, Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Kaynak Temelli Yaklaşım.

References

• Achrol, Ravi S. (1991), “Evolution of the Marketing Organization: New Forms for Turbulent Environments”, Journal of Marketing 55 (4), 77-93.
• Adams, M. E., G. S. Day ve D. Dougherty (1998), “Enhancing New Product Development Performance: An Organizational Learning Perspective”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 15 (5), 403-22.
• Aiken, M., S. B. Bacharach ve J. L. French (1980), “Organizational Structure, Work Process, and Proposal Making in Administrative Bureaucracies”, Academy of Management Journal 23 (4), 631-52.
• Atuahene-Gima, Kwaku (2005), “Resolving the Capability-Rigidity Paradox in New Product Innovation”, Journal of Marketing 69(4), 61-83.
• Atuahene-Gima, Kwaku ve Anthony Ko (2001), “An Empirical Investigation of the Effect of Market Orientation and Entrepreneurship Orientation Alignment on Product Innovation”, Organization Science 12 (1), 54-74.
• Atuahene-Gima, K., H. Li ve L. M. De Luca (2006), “The contingent value of marketing strategy innovativeness for product development performance in Chinese new technology ventures”, Industrial Marketing Management 35(3), 359-72.
• Atuahene-Gima, K., S. F. Slater ve E. M. Olson (2005), “The Contingent Value of Responsive and Proactive Market Orientations for New Product Program Performance”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 22(6), 464-82.
• Ayers, D., R. Dahlstrom, ve S. J. Skinner (1997), “An Exploratory Investigation of Organizational Antecedents to New Product Success”, Journal of Marketing Research 34 (1), 107-16.
• Baker, William E ve James M Sinkula (2005), “Market Orientation and the New Product Paradox”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 22(6), 483-502.
• Barney, Jay B. (2001), “Resource-Based Theories of Competitive Advantage: A Ten-Year Retrospective on the Resource-Based View”, Journal of Management 27(6), 643-50.
• Bentler, Peter M. (1995), EQS Structural Equations Program Manual, Multivariate Software, Inc., Encino, CA.
• Berthon, Pi., J. M. Hulbert ve L. Pitt (2004), “Innovation or customer orientation? An empirical investigation”, European Journal of Marketing 38(9/10), 1065-90.
• Bollen, Kenneth A (1989), Structural Equations with Latent Variables, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Bonner, J. M., R. W. Ruekert, ve O. C. Walker Jr (2002), “Upper Management Control of New Product Development Projects and Project Performance”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 19 (3), 233-45.
• Bourgeois, L. J., III ve Kathleen M. Eisenhardt (1988), “Strategic Decision Processes in High Velocity Environments: Four Cases in Microcomputer Industry”, Management Science 34 (7), 816-35.
• Burns, Tom ve G. M. Stalker (1961), The Management of Innovation, London: Tavistock Publications.
• Calantone, R., R. Garcia, ve C. Droge (2003), “The Effects of Environmental Turbulence on New Product Development Strategy Planning”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 20 (2), 90-103.
• Calantone, R. J, S T. Cavusgil, ve Y. Zhao (2002), “Learning Orientation, Firm Innovation Capability, and Firm Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management 31 (6), 515-24.
• Calantone, R. J., C. A. Di Benedetto, ve S. Bhoovaraghavan (1994), “Examining the Relationship between Degree of Innovation and New Product Success”, Journal of Business Research 30 (2), 143-48.
• Calantone, R. J., J. B. Schmidt, ve C. A. Di Benedetto (1997), “New Product Activities and Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Hostility”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 14 (3), 179-89.
• Calantone, R. J., S. K. Vickery, ve C. Droge (1995), “Business Performance and Strategic New Product Development Activities: An Empirical Investigation”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 12 (3), 214-23.
• Calantone, Roger J. ve C. Anthony di Benedetto (1988), “An Integrative Model of the New Product Development Process: An Empirical Validation”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 5 (3), 201-15.
• Calantone, R. J, Kw. Chan ve A. S. Cui (2006), “Decomposing Product Innovativeness and Its Effects on New Product Success”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 23(5), 408-21.
• Chandy, Rajesh K ve Gerard J Tellis (1998), “Organizing for Radical Product Innovation: The Overlooked Role of Willingness to Cannibalize”, Journal of Marketing Research 35 (4), 474-87.
• Cho, Hee-Jae ve Vladimir Pucik (2005), “Relationship between innovativeness, quality, growth, profitability, and market value”, Strategic Management Journal 26(6), 555-75.
• Cooper, Harris (1998), Synthesizing Research: A Guide for Literature Reviews, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc
• Cooper, Robert G. ve Elko J. Kleinschmidt (1987), “New Products: What Separates Winners from Losers?”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 4 (3), 169-84.
• Covin, Jeffrey G ve Dennis P Slevin (1989), “Strategic Management of Small Firms in Hostile and Benign Environments”, Strategic Management Journal 10 (1), 75-87.
• Crawford, C. Merle (1984), “Protocol: New Tool for Product Innovation”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 1 (2), 85-91.
• Damanpour, Fariborz (1987), “The Adoption of Technological, Administrative, and Ancillary Innovation: Impact of Organizational Factors”, Journal of Management 13 (4), 675-88.
• Danneels, Erwin ve Elko J Kleinschmidt (2001), “Product Innovativeness from the Firm’s Perspective: Its Dimensions and Their Relation with Project Selection and Performance”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 18 (6), 357-73.
• Davis, P. S, C C. Dibrell, ve B. D Janz (2002), “The Impact of Time on the StrategyPerformance Relationship: Implications for Managers”, Industrial Marketing Management 31 (4), 339-47.
• Day, George S (1994), “The Capabilities of Market-Driven Organizations”, Journal of Marketing 58 (4), 37-52.
• Deshpande, Rohit ve Frederick E. Webster, Jr. (1989), “Organizational Culture and Marketing: Defining the Research Agenda, Journal of Marketing 53 (1), 3-15.
• Dewar, Robert D ve Jane E Dutton (1986), The Adoption of Radical and Incremental Innovations: An Empirical Analysis”, Management Science 32 (11), 1422-33.
• Duncan, T. E., S. C. Duncan, L. A. Strycker, F. Li, ve A. Alpert (1999), An Introduction to Latent Variable Growth Curve Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications, Manwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
• Eisenhardt, Kathleen M. (1985), “Control: Organizational and Economic Approaches”, Management Science 31 (2), 134-49.
• Ettlie, Jo. E, W. P. Bridges, ve R. D. O’Keefe (1984), “Organization Strategy and Structural Differences for Radical versus Incremental Innovation”, Management Science 30 (6), 682-96.
• Ettlie, John E. ve Albert H. Rubenstein (1987), “Firm Size and Product Innovation”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 4 (2), 89-108.
• Fennell, Mary L (1984), “Synergy, Influence, ve Information in the Adoption of Administrative Innovations”, Academy of Management Journal 27 (1), 113-29.
• Friar, John H (1995), “Competitive Advantage through Performance Innovation in a Competitive Market”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 12 (1), 33-42.
• Garcia, Rosanna ve Roger Calantone (2002), “A Critical Look at Technological Innovation Typology and Innovativeness Terminology: A Literature Review”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 19 (2), 110-32.
• Gatignon, Hubert ve Jean-Marc Xuereb (1997), “Strategic Orientation of the Firm New Product Performance”, Journal of Marketing Research 34 (1), 77-90.
• Grant, Robert M. (1991), “The Resource-Based Theory of Competitive Advantage: Implications for Strategy Formulation”, California Management Review 33 (3), 114-35.
• Griffin, Abbie (1997), “The Effect of Project and Process Characteristics on Product Development Cycle Time”, Journal of Marketing Research 34 (1), 24-35.
• Griffin, Abbie ve John R Hauser (1996), “Integrating R&D and Marketing: A Review and Analysis of the Literature”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 13 (3), 191-215.
• Gupta, Ashok K., ve David Wilemon (1986), “Improving R&D/ Marketing Relations: R&D Perspective”, R&D Management 20 (4), 277-90.
• Hage, Jerald ve Robert Dewar (1973), “Elite Values Versus Organizational Structure in Predicting Innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly 18 (3), 279-90.
• Han, J. K, N. Kim, ve R. K Srivastava (1998), “Market Orientation and Organizational Performance: Is Innovation a Missing Link?”, Journal of Marketing 62 (4), 30-45.
• Henard, David H ve David M Szymanski (2001), “Why Some New Products Are More Successful Than Others”, Journal of Marketing Research 38 (3), 362-75.
• Hoyle, Rick H. (1995), Structural Equation Modeling: Concepts, Issues and Applications, Sage Publications, Inc.
• Hua, Stella Y ve Urban Wemmerlov (2006), “Product Change Intensity, Product Advantage, and Market Performance: An Empirical Investigation of the PC Industry”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 23(4), 316-29.
• Huffcutt, Allen I. ve Arthur, Winfred Jr. (1995), “Development of a New Outlier Statistic for Meta-Analytic Data”, Journal of Applied Psychology 80 (2), 327-34.
• Hult, G T. M, R. F Hurley, ve G. A Knight (2004), “Innovativeness: Its Antecedents and Impact on Business Performance”, Industrial Marketing Management 33 (5), 429-38.
• Hunter, John E. ve Frank L. Schmidt (1990), Methods of Meta-Analysis: Correcting Error and Bias in Research Findings, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Hurley, Robert F ve G Tomas M Hult (1998), “Innovation, Market Orientation, and Organizational Learning: An Integration and Empirical Examination”, Journal of Marketing 62 (3), 42-54.
• Im, Subin ve John P Workman Jr (2004), “Market Orientation, Creativity, and New Product Performance in High-Technology Firms”, Journal of Marketing 68 (2), 114-32.
• Ittner, Christopher D ve David F Larcker (1997), “Product Development Cycle Time and Organizational Performance”, Journal of Marketing Research 34 (1), 13-23.
• Jassawalla, Avan R ve Hemant C Sashittal (1998), “An Examination of Collaboration in High-Technology New Product Development Processes”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 15 (3), 237-54.
• Jaworski, B. J, V. Stathakopoulos, ve H S. Krishnan (1993), “Control Combinations in Marketing: Conceptual Framework and Empirical Evidence”, Journal of Marketing 57 (1), 57-69.
• Jaworski, Bernard J. (1988), “Toward a Theory of Marketing Control: Environmental Context, Control Types, and Consequences”, Journal of Marketing 52 (3), 23- 39.
• Johne, Frederick Axel ve Patricia A. Snelson (1988), “Success Factors in Product Innovation: A Selective Review of the Literature”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 5 (2), 114-28.
• Kamath, R. R, D. M. Mansour-Cole ve R. Apana (1993), “Functional perspectives on innovation: The correlates of innovation in the marketing and manufacturing functions”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 40(3), 293-99.
• Kaplan, David (1995), Structural Equation Modeling: Foundations and Extensions, Sage Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA.
• Kessler, Eric H ve Paul E Bierly III (2002), “Is faster really better? An empirical test of the implications of innovation speed”, IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 49(1), 2-12.
• Kimberly, John R ve Michael J Evanisko (1981), “Organizational Innovation: The Influence of Individual, Organizational, and Contextual Factors on Hospital Adoption of Technological and Administrative Innovations”, Academy of Management Journal 24 (4), 689-731.
• Kleinschmidt, Elko J. ve Robert G. Cooper (1991), “The Impact of Product Innovativeness on Performance”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 8 (4), 240-51.
• Kotabe, Masaaki ve K Scott Swan (1995), “The Role of Strategic Alliances in High-Technology New Product Development”, Strategic Management Journal 16 (8), 621-36.
• Langerak, F., H. S J Robben ve E. J. Hultink (2004), “The Impact of Market Orientation, Product Advantage, and Launch Proficiency on New Product Performance