Pan Dead and Reborn: Reimagining the Myth of Pan in Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s “The Dead Pan” and “A Musical Instrument”
Abstract
This paper examines Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s reimagining of the mythological figure Pan in “The Dead Pan” (1844) and “A Musical Instrument” (1860). Although Pan is traditionally associated with nature, desire, and poetic inspiration, Barrett Browning transforms him into a far more complex figure through whom she explores religion, artistic creation, gender, violence, and suffering. Written at different stages of her literary career, these poems also reflect the development of Barrett Browning’s poetic vision and evolving understanding of power and authority. While “The Dead Pan” presents the symbolic death of paganism and the triumph of Christianity, “A Musical Instrument” reintroduces Pan as an active and disturbing creative force through the myth of Pan and Syrinx. By rewriting this classical myth from a female perspective, Barrett Browning shifts attention away from male desire and toward female suffering, silencing, and transformation. The paper further argues that her treatment of Pan differs significantly from the Romantic tradition, in which the figure frequently symbolizes innocence, imagination, and harmony with nature. Through close reading and feminist literary criticism, this study demonstrates how Barrett Browning reshapes myth according to Victorian concerns while simultaneously asserting her own poetic authority as a woman writer.
Keywords
References
- Barrett Browning, E. (1900). A Musical Instrument. In H. W. Preston (Ed.), The Complete Poetical Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Riverside Press.
- Barrett Browning, E. (1900). The Dead Pan. In H. W. Preston (Ed.), The Complete Poetical Works of Elizabeth Barrett Browning. The Riverside Press.
- Belloc, E. (1948). Elizabeth Barrett Browning. Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, 37(145), 49–58.
- Byrd, D. (1987). Combating an Alien Tyranny: Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Evolution as a Feminist Poet. Browning Institute Studies, 15, 23–41.
- Davies, C. (2006). Two of Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s Pan Poems and Their After-Life in Robert Browning’s “Pan and Luna.” Victorian Poetry, 44(4), 561–570.
- Dillon, S. (2001). Barrett Browning’s Poetic Vocation: Crying, Singing, Breathing. Victorian Poetry, 39(4), 509–532.
- Leighton, A. (1992). Victorian Women Poets: Writing Against the Heart. University Press of Virginia.
- Mermin, D. (1989). Elizabeth Barrett Browning: The Origins of a New Poetry. The University of Chicago Press.
Details
Primary Language
English
Subjects
English As A Second Language, Language Studies (Other)
Journal Section
Review Article
Authors
Early Pub Date
June 22, 2026
Publication Date
June 23, 2026
Submission Date
June 3, 2026
Acceptance Date
June 22, 2026
Published in Issue
Year 2026 Volume: 4 Number: 1