Research Article
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Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 20 - 42, 30.06.2022

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, A. M. (2020). From reluctance to addiction: The impact of reflective journals on Qatari undergraduate students’ learning. Reflective Practice, 21(2), 251-270.
  • Arndt, V. (1987). Six writers in search of texts: A protocol-based study of L1 and L2 writing. ELT Journal, 41, 257-267.
  • Bai, R., Hu, G., & Gu, P. (2014). The relationship between use of writing strategies and English proficiency in Singapore primary schools. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(3), 355–365.
  • Baker, M. (1992). In other words: A course book on translation. London: Routledge.
  • Bergen, D. (n. d.). Translation strategies and the students of translation. Jorma Tommola, 1, 109-125. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.hum.utu.fi/oppiaineet/englantilailentilologia/exambergen.pdf .
  • Bhatti, M. A., Sundram, V. P. K. (2015). Business research quantitative and qualitative methods. Published by Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd; level 1, Tower 2A, Avenue 5 Bangsar South No. 8 Jalan Kerinchi, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Bosher, S. (1998). The composing processes of three Southeast Asian writers at the post-secondary level: An exploratory study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7(2), 205-241.
  • Britton, E. (1970). Language Learning. Middlesex, England: Penguin Press.
  • Chamot, A. U., Kupper, L., & Impink-Hernandez, M. (1988). A study of learning strategies in foreign language instruction: Findings of the longitudinal study. McLean, VA: Interstate Research Associates.
  • Chamot, Anna U. 2001. The role of learning strategies in second language acquisition. In learner contributions to language learning, edited by Michael P. Breen, 25–43. Harlow: Longman.
  • Chen, Y. (2011). Study of the writing strategies used by Chinese non-English majors. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(3), 245-251.
  • Chien, S. (2010). Enhancing English composition teachers’ awareness of their students’ writing strategy use. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 19(3), 417-438.
  • Cohen, A. D. (1998). Strategies and processes in test taking and SLA. In M. H. Long & J. C. Richards (Eds.), Interfaces between second language acquisition and language testing research (pp. 90‒111). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, A. D., & Upton, T. A. (2007). 'I want to go back to the text': Response strategies on the reading subtest of the new TOEFL. Language Testing, 24(2), 209‒250.
  • Coleman, L., & Tuck, J. (2021). Understanding student writing from lecturers’ perspectives: Acknowledging pedagogic complexity to support transformative practices in context. Studies in Higher Education, 46(9), 1894-1906.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Education. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
  • Davies, M. (2007). Doing a successful research project. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Feng Teng, M. (2021). Coupling text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for ESL primary school students’ writing outcomes.
  • Flower, L. (1981). Problem-solving Strategies for Writing. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1980a) Identifying the organization of writing processes. In L. Gregg and E. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3–30.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1980b). The dynamic of composing: Making plans and juggling constraints. In L.W. Gregg and E.R. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 31–50.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1981a). A cognitive process theory of writing. College composition and communication, 32, 365–87.
  • Graham, S., & Harris, K. (2000). The role of self-regulation and transcription skills in writing and writing development. Educational Psychologist, 35, 3–12. DOI: 10.1207/S15326985EP3501_2.
  • Halliday, M.A.K. (1978). An interpretation of the functional relationship between language and social structure, from Uta Quastoff (ed.), Sprachstruktur – Sozialstruktur: Zure Linguistichen Theorienbildung, 3–42. Reprinted in volume 10 of Halliday's collected works. (2007). Edited by Jonathan Webster. London and New York: Continuum.
  • Halliday, M.A.K. (1982a). Three aspects of children’s language development: Learning language, learning through language, learning about language. In a Hauster Goodman and D. Strickland (eds.), Oral and written language development research: Impact on schools. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Haukås, Å., Bjørke, C., & Dypedahl, M. (2018). Metacognition in language learning and teaching. Taylor & Francis.
  • Hayes, J.R., and Flower, L.S. (1980). Identifying the organisation of writing processes. In L.W. Gregg and E.R. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum, pp. 31–50.
  • Hyland, K. (2008). Writing theories and writing pedagogies. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 4(2), 91-110.
  • Larsson, M. L. (1998). Meaning based translation: A guide to cross language equivalence. Lanham & New York: University Press of America.
  • Leki, I. (1995). Coping strategies of ESL students in writing tasks across the curriculum. TESOL Quarterly, 29(2), 235-260.
  • Maarof, N., & Murat, M. (2013). Writing strategies used by ESL upper secondary school students. International Education Studies, 6(4), 47.
  • Mekheimer, M. A., & Aldosari, H. S. (2013). Evaluating an integrated EFL teaching methodology in Saudi universities: a longitudinal study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(6), 1264-1277.
  • Mu, C. (2005). A taxonomy of ESL writing strategies. In Proceedings Redesigning Pedagogy: Research, Policy, Practice, 30 May - 1June 2005 (pp. 1-10). Singapore.
  • Mu, C., & Carrington, S. (2007). An investigation of three Chinese students’ English writing strategies. TESL-EJ, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Nababan, M. R. (1997). Aspek teori penerjemahan dan pengalihbahasaan. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas
  • O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ou, Y. C. A. (2013). Writing strategies: Perceptions, experience, and use in undergraduate and graduate ESL students, Doctoral Dissertation, Purdue University.
  • Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle
  • Petric, B., & Czarl, B. (2003). Validating a writing strategy questionnaire. System, 31, 187-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jbtep.2010.12.003
  • Riazi, A. (1997). Acquiring disciplinary literacy: A social-cognitive analysis of text production and learning among Iranian graduate students of education. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(2), 105-137.
  • Rivers, W. M., & Temperley, M. S. (1978). A practical guide to the teaching of English as a second or foreign language. New York: Oxford University Press
  • Sasaki, M. (2000). Toward an empirical model of EFL writing processes: An exploratory study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 9, 259–91.
  • Schmidt, R. (1994). Deconstructing consciousness in search of useful definitions for applied linguistics. AILA Review, 11, 11‒16.
  • Spack, R. (1984). Invention strategies and the ESL composition student. TESOL Quarterly, 18, 649-670.
  • Suastra, I., & Menggo, S. (2020). Empowering students' writing skill through performance assessment. International Journal of Language Education, 4(3), 432-441.
  • Susser, B. (1994). Process approaches in ESL/EFL writing instruction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 3(1), 31-47.
  • Teng, F., & Huang, J. (2019). Predictive effects of writing strategies for self-regulated learning on secondary school learners’ EFL writing proficiency. TESOL Quarterly, 53, 232–247.
  • Teng, F., Qin, C., & Wang, C. (2021). Validation of metacognitive academic writing strategies and the predictive effects on academic writing performance in a foreign language context. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-021-09278-4
  • Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2016). A questionnaire-based validation of multidimensional models of self-regulated learning strategies. Modern Language Journal, 100(3), 674–701.
  • Teng, M. F., Wang, C., & Zhang, L. J. (2022). Assessing self-regulatory writing strategies and their predictive effects on young EFL learners’ writing performance. Assessing Writing, 51, 100573.
  • Wenden, A. L. (1991). Metacognitive strategies in L2 writing: A case for task knowledge. In J. E. Alatis (Ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1991 (pp. 302-322). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
  • Wong, A.T.Y. (2005). Writers’ mental representations of the intended audience and of the rhetorical purpose for writing and the strategies that they employed when they composed. System 33, 29–47.
  • Zamel, V. (1983). The composing processes of advanced ESL learners: Six case studies. TESOL Quarterly, 17, 165-187.
  • Zhang, L. J., & Qin, L. (2018). Validating a questionnaire on EFL writers’ metacognitive awareness of writing strategies in multimedia environments. In a. Haukås, C. Bjørke, & M. Dypedahl (Eds.), Metacognition in language learning and teaching (pp. 171–192). New York: Routledge.

The Impact of using Translation Strategies for Effective Essay Writings by EFL International Students during English Intensive Course

Year 2022, Volume: 4 Issue: 1, 20 - 42, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Students across the globe attend universities in Malaysia, especially from Africa and Asia. Therefore, in the attempt to harness their performances in language skills, English Intensive Course (EIC) is emphasised and made compulsory to the newly admitted international students, especially those from the countries that use English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Nonetheless, majority of the EFL students encounter challenges in English Writing Tasks (EWT). To understand the extents of using translation strategies before writing English Essays during EIC program, this paper purposively sampled 50 EFL students of various nations in Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM). The selected participants were administered Writing Strategy Questionnaires (WSQ) and analysed using SPSS. The paper indicates negative results as most of the EFL students were not writing bits of the text in their native languages before translating them into English during English Essay Writing, having 38% validation of “never true” response as the most frequent feedback. On the other hand, the paper indicate positive results on EFL students writing a difficult word on their native languages and subsequent search for its appropriate English equivalent, having 32% validation of “usually true” as the most frequent response with 88% cumulative. The results suggest that UUM EFL International students are normally confident of using their initial knowledge and what they have been taught during the EIC program in the attempt to maintain their writing standard.

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References

  • Ahmed, A. M. (2020). From reluctance to addiction: The impact of reflective journals on Qatari undergraduate students’ learning. Reflective Practice, 21(2), 251-270.
  • Arndt, V. (1987). Six writers in search of texts: A protocol-based study of L1 and L2 writing. ELT Journal, 41, 257-267.
  • Bai, R., Hu, G., & Gu, P. (2014). The relationship between use of writing strategies and English proficiency in Singapore primary schools. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 23(3), 355–365.
  • Baker, M. (1992). In other words: A course book on translation. London: Routledge.
  • Bergen, D. (n. d.). Translation strategies and the students of translation. Jorma Tommola, 1, 109-125. Retrieved July 21, 2010, from http://www.hum.utu.fi/oppiaineet/englantilailentilologia/exambergen.pdf .
  • Bhatti, M. A., Sundram, V. P. K. (2015). Business research quantitative and qualitative methods. Published by Pearson Malaysia Sdn Bhd; level 1, Tower 2A, Avenue 5 Bangsar South No. 8 Jalan Kerinchi, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
  • Bosher, S. (1998). The composing processes of three Southeast Asian writers at the post-secondary level: An exploratory study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 7(2), 205-241.
  • Britton, E. (1970). Language Learning. Middlesex, England: Penguin Press.
  • Chamot, A. U., Kupper, L., & Impink-Hernandez, M. (1988). A study of learning strategies in foreign language instruction: Findings of the longitudinal study. McLean, VA: Interstate Research Associates.
  • Chamot, Anna U. 2001. The role of learning strategies in second language acquisition. In learner contributions to language learning, edited by Michael P. Breen, 25–43. Harlow: Longman.
  • Chen, Y. (2011). Study of the writing strategies used by Chinese non-English majors. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 1(3), 245-251.
  • Chien, S. (2010). Enhancing English composition teachers’ awareness of their students’ writing strategy use. The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 19(3), 417-438.
  • Cohen, A. D. (1998). Strategies and processes in test taking and SLA. In M. H. Long & J. C. Richards (Eds.), Interfaces between second language acquisition and language testing research (pp. 90‒111). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, A. D., & Upton, T. A. (2007). 'I want to go back to the text': Response strategies on the reading subtest of the new TOEFL. Language Testing, 24(2), 209‒250.
  • Coleman, L., & Tuck, J. (2021). Understanding student writing from lecturers’ perspectives: Acknowledging pedagogic complexity to support transformative practices in context. Studies in Higher Education, 46(9), 1894-1906.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. New Jersey: Pearson Education. University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
  • Davies, M. (2007). Doing a successful research project. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Ellis, R. (1994). The study of second language acquisition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Feng Teng, M. (2021). Coupling text structure and self-regulated strategy instruction for ESL primary school students’ writing outcomes.
  • Flower, L. (1981). Problem-solving Strategies for Writing. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanich.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1980a) Identifying the organization of writing processes. In L. Gregg and E. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 3–30.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1980b). The dynamic of composing: Making plans and juggling constraints. In L.W. Gregg and E.R. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 31–50.
  • Flower, L., and Hayes, J.R. (1981a). A cognitive process theory of writing. College composition and communication, 32, 365–87.
  • Graham, S., & Harris, K. (2000). The role of self-regulation and transcription skills in writing and writing development. Educational Psychologist, 35, 3–12. DOI: 10.1207/S15326985EP3501_2.
  • Halliday, M.A.K. (1978). An interpretation of the functional relationship between language and social structure, from Uta Quastoff (ed.), Sprachstruktur – Sozialstruktur: Zure Linguistichen Theorienbildung, 3–42. Reprinted in volume 10 of Halliday's collected works. (2007). Edited by Jonathan Webster. London and New York: Continuum.
  • Halliday, M.A.K. (1982a). Three aspects of children’s language development: Learning language, learning through language, learning about language. In a Hauster Goodman and D. Strickland (eds.), Oral and written language development research: Impact on schools. Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers of English.
  • Haukås, Å., Bjørke, C., & Dypedahl, M. (2018). Metacognition in language learning and teaching. Taylor & Francis.
  • Hayes, J.R., and Flower, L.S. (1980). Identifying the organisation of writing processes. In L.W. Gregg and E.R. Steinberg (eds.), Cognitive processes in writing. Hillsdale, NJ: Laurence Erlbaum, pp. 31–50.
  • Hyland, K. (2008). Writing theories and writing pedagogies. Indonesian Journal of English Language Teaching, 4(2), 91-110.
  • Larsson, M. L. (1998). Meaning based translation: A guide to cross language equivalence. Lanham & New York: University Press of America.
  • Leki, I. (1995). Coping strategies of ESL students in writing tasks across the curriculum. TESOL Quarterly, 29(2), 235-260.
  • Maarof, N., & Murat, M. (2013). Writing strategies used by ESL upper secondary school students. International Education Studies, 6(4), 47.
  • Mekheimer, M. A., & Aldosari, H. S. (2013). Evaluating an integrated EFL teaching methodology in Saudi universities: a longitudinal study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(6), 1264-1277.
  • Mu, C. (2005). A taxonomy of ESL writing strategies. In Proceedings Redesigning Pedagogy: Research, Policy, Practice, 30 May - 1June 2005 (pp. 1-10). Singapore.
  • Mu, C., & Carrington, S. (2007). An investigation of three Chinese students’ English writing strategies. TESL-EJ, 11(1), 1-23.
  • Nababan, M. R. (1997). Aspek teori penerjemahan dan pengalihbahasaan. Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas
  • O’Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Ou, Y. C. A. (2013). Writing strategies: Perceptions, experience, and use in undergraduate and graduate ESL students, Doctoral Dissertation, Purdue University.
  • Oxford, R. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle
  • Petric, B., & Czarl, B. (2003). Validating a writing strategy questionnaire. System, 31, 187-215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jbtep.2010.12.003
  • Riazi, A. (1997). Acquiring disciplinary literacy: A social-cognitive analysis of text production and learning among Iranian graduate students of education. Journal of Second Language Writing, 6(2), 105-137.
  • Rivers, W. M., & Temperley, M. S. (1978). A practical guide to the teaching of English as a second or foreign language. New York: Oxford University Press
  • Sasaki, M. (2000). Toward an empirical model of EFL writing processes: An exploratory study. Journal of Second Language Writing, 9, 259–91.
  • Schmidt, R. (1994). Deconstructing consciousness in search of useful definitions for applied linguistics. AILA Review, 11, 11‒16.
  • Spack, R. (1984). Invention strategies and the ESL composition student. TESOL Quarterly, 18, 649-670.
  • Suastra, I., & Menggo, S. (2020). Empowering students' writing skill through performance assessment. International Journal of Language Education, 4(3), 432-441.
  • Susser, B. (1994). Process approaches in ESL/EFL writing instruction. Journal of Second Language Writing, 3(1), 31-47.
  • Teng, F., & Huang, J. (2019). Predictive effects of writing strategies for self-regulated learning on secondary school learners’ EFL writing proficiency. TESOL Quarterly, 53, 232–247.
  • Teng, F., Qin, C., & Wang, C. (2021). Validation of metacognitive academic writing strategies and the predictive effects on academic writing performance in a foreign language context. Metacognition and Learning. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-021-09278-4
  • Teng, L. S., & Zhang, L. J. (2016). A questionnaire-based validation of multidimensional models of self-regulated learning strategies. Modern Language Journal, 100(3), 674–701.
  • Teng, M. F., Wang, C., & Zhang, L. J. (2022). Assessing self-regulatory writing strategies and their predictive effects on young EFL learners’ writing performance. Assessing Writing, 51, 100573.
  • Wenden, A. L. (1991). Metacognitive strategies in L2 writing: A case for task knowledge. In J. E. Alatis (Ed.), Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics 1991 (pp. 302-322). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.
  • Wong, A.T.Y. (2005). Writers’ mental representations of the intended audience and of the rhetorical purpose for writing and the strategies that they employed when they composed. System 33, 29–47.
  • Zamel, V. (1983). The composing processes of advanced ESL learners: Six case studies. TESOL Quarterly, 17, 165-187.
  • Zhang, L. J., & Qin, L. (2018). Validating a questionnaire on EFL writers’ metacognitive awareness of writing strategies in multimedia environments. In a. Haukås, C. Bjørke, & M. Dypedahl (Eds.), Metacognition in language learning and teaching (pp. 171–192). New York: Routledge.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Language Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Ado Mohammed

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 4 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mohammed, A. (2022). The Impact of using Translation Strategies for Effective Essay Writings by EFL International Students during English Intensive Course. Eurasian Journal of English Language and Literature, 4(1), 20-42.