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The Notion of No-Longer-Victim Diaspora in Unigwe's Better Never Than Late

Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 17 - 26, 21.06.2023

Abstract

Up until recently, scholarship has looked at diasporic communities as mere victims, displaced, marginalized and vulnerable. Yet today the experiences of diasporas are becoming enriching and creative, and the diasporic subjects are so prosperous that it is legitimate to designate some as no-longer-victim diasporas. This idea is brought to the reader quite expressly by Nigerian-born writer Chika Unigwe. Her major works depict the life of the African community in Flanders. Her fictional characters are struck by adversities in their exile, but they remain determined to go on. This act of transcending of diaspora– overcoming the victim stage– is, to a large degree, hinted at through the notion of 'longing for homeland' in the short story collection Better Never Than Late. This paper considers the ways in which the narrative presents migrants' longing for homeland as a strategy for finding meaning to their current state and how this eventually helps migrants remain resilient in the face of adversities, adapt to the host culture, shape up and start anew.

References

  • Bekers, E. (2016). The Mirage of Europe in Caryl Phillips's A Distant Shore and Chika Unigwe's On Black Sisters' Street. In D. Tunca & J. Wilson (Eds.), Postcolonial Gateways and Walls (pp. 253-277). Netherlands: Brill.
  • Bekers, E. (2015). Writing Africa in Belgium, Europe: A Conversation with Chika Unigwe. Research in African Literatures, 46(4), 26-34. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.46.4.26.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge.
  • Bryce-Laporte, R. (1972). Black Immigrants: The Experience of Invisibility and Inequality. Journal of Black Studies, 3(1), 29-56. Retrieved from www- jstororg.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/2783777.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Af3e05ba618f12cfd3a35b74c8e7cc112.
  • Carter, P. (1992). Living in a new country: History, travelling, and language. London: Faber & Faber.
  • Chambers, I. (1994). Migrancy culture identity. London: Routledge.
  • Strathern, N. (1981). Kinship at the core. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, R. (1996). Diasporas and the Nation-State: From Victims to Challengers. International Affairs, 72(3), 507-520. Retrieved from www-jstor- org.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/2625554.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8ac 1a0b0facab2782de1513151a5ab9.
  • Danforth, L. (1996). The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Hall, S. (1993). Culture, Community, Nation. Cultural Studies 7(3), 349-63.
  • Krishnan, M. (2010). Biafra and the Aesthetics of Closure in the Third Generation Nigerian Novel. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2(2), 185-195.
  • Lan, F. (2011). Can the Diasporan Go Home? Unperforming the Nation in Lust, Caution. Comparative Literature: East & West, 14(1), 55-74. DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2011.12015550.
  • Lash, S., & Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and spaces. London: Thousand Oaks.
  • Lauzon, C. (2017). The Unmaking of Home in Contemporary Art. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Markovits, I. (2001). Selective Memory: How the Law Affects What We Remember and Forget about the Past: The Case of East Germany. Law & Society Review, 35(3), 513-563. Retrieved from www-jstor-org.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/3185395.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aaf3f946350c47dcecf6f323324a3c6a9.
  • McLeod, J. (2000). Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Phelan, J. (1996). Narrative as Rhetoric: Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
  • Rapport, N., & Dawson, A. (1998). Migrants of identity: Perceptions of home in a world of movement. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
  • Rushdie, S. (1992). Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. Westminster: Penguin Books.
  • Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return. Diaspora: A journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83-99.
  • Said, E. (1994). Representations of the Intellectual. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Sheffer, G. (2002). Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Spivak, G. (2010). Can the Subaltern Speak? In R. Morris (Ed.), Can the Subaltern Speak?: Reflections on the History of an Idea (pp. 21-44). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tsagarousianou, R. (2004). Rethinking the concept of diaspora: mobility, connectivity and communication in a globalised world. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 1(1), 52-65.
  • Turner, V. (1979). Frame, Flow and Reflection: Ritual and Drama as Public Liminality. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 6(4), 463-572.
  • Unigwe, C. (2007). Fata Morgana. Amsterdam: De bezige Bij.
  • Unigwe, C. (2013). Losing my voice. Aeon, 14 March 2013. Retrieved from www.aeon.co/essays/those-first-few-months-in-europe-i-suffocated-in- silence.
  • Unigwe, C. (2019). Better Never Than Late. Abuja, Nigeria: Cassava Republic Press.
  • Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Weaver, A. (2003). On exile: Yoder, Said, and a theology of land and return. CrossCurrents, 52(4), 439-61.
  • White, P. (1995). Geography, Literature and Migration. In R. King, J. Connell & P. White (Eds.), Writing Across Worlds: Literature and Migration (pp. 1-19). London. Routledge.
Year 2023, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 17 - 26, 21.06.2023

Abstract

References

  • Bekers, E. (2016). The Mirage of Europe in Caryl Phillips's A Distant Shore and Chika Unigwe's On Black Sisters' Street. In D. Tunca & J. Wilson (Eds.), Postcolonial Gateways and Walls (pp. 253-277). Netherlands: Brill.
  • Bekers, E. (2015). Writing Africa in Belgium, Europe: A Conversation with Chika Unigwe. Research in African Literatures, 46(4), 26-34. Retrieved from www.jstor.org/stable/10.2979/reseafrilite.46.4.26.
  • Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
  • Brah, A. (1996). Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London: Routledge.
  • Bryce-Laporte, R. (1972). Black Immigrants: The Experience of Invisibility and Inequality. Journal of Black Studies, 3(1), 29-56. Retrieved from www- jstororg.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/2783777.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Af3e05ba618f12cfd3a35b74c8e7cc112.
  • Carter, P. (1992). Living in a new country: History, travelling, and language. London: Faber & Faber.
  • Chambers, I. (1994). Migrancy culture identity. London: Routledge.
  • Strathern, N. (1981). Kinship at the core. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Cohen, R. (1996). Diasporas and the Nation-State: From Victims to Challengers. International Affairs, 72(3), 507-520. Retrieved from www-jstor- org.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/2625554.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8ac 1a0b0facab2782de1513151a5ab9.
  • Danforth, L. (1996). The Macedonian Conflict: Ethnic Nationalism in a Transnational World. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Hall, S. (1993). Culture, Community, Nation. Cultural Studies 7(3), 349-63.
  • Krishnan, M. (2010). Biafra and the Aesthetics of Closure in the Third Generation Nigerian Novel. Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2(2), 185-195.
  • Lan, F. (2011). Can the Diasporan Go Home? Unperforming the Nation in Lust, Caution. Comparative Literature: East & West, 14(1), 55-74. DOI: 10.1080/25723618.2011.12015550.
  • Lash, S., & Urry, J. (1994). Economies of signs and spaces. London: Thousand Oaks.
  • Lauzon, C. (2017). The Unmaking of Home in Contemporary Art. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Markovits, I. (2001). Selective Memory: How the Law Affects What We Remember and Forget about the Past: The Case of East Germany. Law & Society Review, 35(3), 513-563. Retrieved from www-jstor-org.myezproxy.vub.ac.be/stable/pdf/3185395.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Aaf3f946350c47dcecf6f323324a3c6a9.
  • McLeod, J. (2000). Beginning Postcolonialism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
  • Phelan, J. (1996). Narrative as Rhetoric: Technique, Audiences, Ethics, Ideology. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
  • Rapport, N., & Dawson, A. (1998). Migrants of identity: Perceptions of home in a world of movement. Oxford: Berg Publishers.
  • Rushdie, S. (1992). Imaginary Homelands: Essays and Criticism 1981-1991. Westminster: Penguin Books.
  • Safran, W. (1991). Diasporas in Modern Societies: Myths of Homeland and Return. Diaspora: A journal of Transnational Studies, 1(1), 83-99.
  • Said, E. (1994). Representations of the Intellectual. New York: Pantheon Books.
  • Sheffer, G. (2002). Diaspora Politics: At Home Abroad. New York: Cambridge University Press.
  • Spivak, G. (2010). Can the Subaltern Speak? In R. Morris (Ed.), Can the Subaltern Speak?: Reflections on the History of an Idea (pp. 21-44). New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Tsagarousianou, R. (2004). Rethinking the concept of diaspora: mobility, connectivity and communication in a globalised world. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 1(1), 52-65.
  • Turner, V. (1979). Frame, Flow and Reflection: Ritual and Drama as Public Liminality. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 6(4), 463-572.
  • Unigwe, C. (2007). Fata Morgana. Amsterdam: De bezige Bij.
  • Unigwe, C. (2013). Losing my voice. Aeon, 14 March 2013. Retrieved from www.aeon.co/essays/those-first-few-months-in-europe-i-suffocated-in- silence.
  • Unigwe, C. (2019). Better Never Than Late. Abuja, Nigeria: Cassava Republic Press.
  • Van Gennep, A. (1960). The Rites of Passage. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Weaver, A. (2003). On exile: Yoder, Said, and a theology of land and return. CrossCurrents, 52(4), 439-61.
  • White, P. (1995). Geography, Literature and Migration. In R. King, J. Connell & P. White (Eds.), Writing Across Worlds: Literature and Migration (pp. 1-19). London. Routledge.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Nizar Milhem

Publication Date June 21, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 5 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Milhem, N. (2023). The Notion of No-Longer-Victim Diaspora in Unigwe’s Better Never Than Late. Eurasian Journal of English Language and Literature, 5(1), 17-26.