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A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 118 - 121, 30.09.2025

Abstract

Methanol is a toxic alcohol that can lead to high-anion gap metabolic acidosis, visual impairment,
and CNS depression. While ingestion is the most common route, toxicity may also occur via dermal absorption, especially with prolonged exposure.
A 71-year-old male with diabetes and coronary artery disease presented with sudden bilateral vision loss after repeated dermal application of a methanol-containing solution for joint pain. On arrival, he was disoriented and completely blind. Arterial blood gas showed severe metabolic acidosis (pH 6.9) with elevated anion gap and lactate. Fundoscopic examination revealed bilateral optic disc edema. Due to the unavailability of fomepizole and serum methanol measurement, intravenous ethanol was administered, and hemodialysis was initiated. Despite correction of the metabolic acidosis, the patient developed irreversible cortical blindness.
This case highlights dermal methanol absorption as a rare but serious cause of systemic toxicity. Emergency physicians should consider methanol poisoning in patients with visual symptoms and unexplained metabolic acidosis, even in the absence of ingestion history. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are critical to prevent permanent complications.

References

  • 1. Mirzayev İ, Temel E, Atilla H, Yalçındağ N. Transdermal Metil Alkol Zehirlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;31(1).
  • 2. Dutkiewicz B, Kończalik J, Karwacki W. Skin absorption and per os administration of methanol in men. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 1980;47:81-8.
  • 3. Pohanish RP. Sittig’s handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens: William Andrew; 2019.
  • 4. Brent J, McMartin K, Phillips S, Aaron C, Kulig K. Fomepizole for the treatment of methanol poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(6):424-9.
  • 5. Hayreh MS, Hayreh SS, Baumbach GL, Cancilla P, Martin-Amat G, Tephly TR, et al. Methyl alcohol poisoning: III. Ocular toxicity. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1977;95(10):1851-8.
  • 6. Feany M, Anthony D, Frosch M, Zane W, De Girolami U. August 2000: Two cases with necrosis and hemorrhage in the putamen and white matter. Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2001;11(1):121-2, 5.
  • 7. Gaul HP, Wallace CJ, Auer RN, Fong TC. MR findings in methanol intoxication. American journal of neuroradiology. 1995;16(9):1783-6.
  • 8. Azeemuddin M, Naqi R. MRI findings in methanol intoxication: a report of three cases. 2012.
  • 9. Gök E, Horoz M, Turgutalp K, Kiykim AA. Cilt Yoluyla Gelişen Fatal Metanol Zehirlenmesi: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatür Derlemesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;31(1):234-9.
  • 10. Poisoning AAoCTAHCotTGfM, Barceloux DG, Randall Bond G, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Allister Vale J. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. Journal of toxicology: Clinical toxicology. 2002;40(4):415-46.
  • 11. Yaycı N, İnanıcı MA. Metil alkol (metanol) zehirlenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences. 2005;2(3):101-8.
  • 12. Önder F, İlker S, Kansu T, Tatar T, Kural G. Acute blindness and putaminal necrosis in methanol intoxication. International ophthalmology. 1998;22:81-4.
  • 13. Hizarci B, Erdoğan C, Karaaslan P, Unlukaplan A, Oz H. Transdermal methyl alcohol intoxication: a case report. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(6):740-1.
  • 14. Caravati EM, Erdman AR, Christianson G, Manoguerra AS, Booze LL, Woolf AD, et al. Ethylene glycol exposure: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clinical Toxicology. 2005;43(5):327-45.
  • 15. Cervantes CE, Chu A, Heller D, Lemont M. Early dialysis in a rare case of combined toxic alcohols ingestion. CEN case reports. 2020;9:11-4.
  • 16. Hovda KE, Hunderi OH, Tafjord AB, Dunlop O, Rudberg N, Jacobsen D. Methanol outbreak in Norway 2002–2004: epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic signs. Journal of internal medicine. 2005;258(2):181-90.

Cilt maruziyeti ile gelişen metil alkol intoksikasyon olgusu

Year 2025, Volume: 16 Issue: 3, 118 - 121, 30.09.2025

Abstract

Metanol, yüksek anyon aralıklı metabolik asidoz, görme bozuklukları ve santral sinir sistemi depresyonuna yol açabilen toksik bir alkoldür. En yaygın toksisite nedeni oral alım olsa da, özellikle uzun süreli temas durumlarında dermal yolla da ciddi toksisite gelişebilir.
Diyabet ve koroner arter hastalığı öyküsü bulunan 71 yaşındaki erkek hasta, eklem ağrısı için uzun süre metanol içeren topikal bir solüsyonu cildine uyguladıktan sonra ani gelişen bilateral görme kaybı ile başvurdu. Başvuru sırasında oryantasyon bozukluğu ve tam görme kaybı mevcuttu. Arteriyel kan gazı analizinde şiddetli metabolik asidoz (pH 6.9), yüksek anyon aralığı ve laktat düzeyi saptandı. Fundoskopik muayenede bilateral optik disk ödemi izlendi. Fomepizol ve metanol düzeyi testi temin edilemediğinden intravenöz etanol tedavisi başlandı ve devam eden asidoz nedeniyle hemodiyaliz uygulandı. Asidozun düzelmesine rağmen, hastada kalıcı kortikal körlük gelişti.
Bu olgu, nadir görülen ancak ciddi sonuçlara yol açabilen dermal metanol emiliminin ciddiyetini vurgulamaktadır. Görme bozukluğu ve açıklanamayan metabolik asidozla başvuran hastalarda metanol zehirlenmesi ayırıcı tanıda düşünülmeli; erken tanı ve hızlı tedavi ile kalıcı komplikasyonlar önlenmelidir.

References

  • 1. Mirzayev İ, Temel E, Atilla H, Yalçındağ N. Transdermal Metil Alkol Zehirlenmesi. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;31(1).
  • 2. Dutkiewicz B, Kończalik J, Karwacki W. Skin absorption and per os administration of methanol in men. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. 1980;47:81-8.
  • 3. Pohanish RP. Sittig’s handbook of toxic and hazardous chemicals and carcinogens: William Andrew; 2019.
  • 4. Brent J, McMartin K, Phillips S, Aaron C, Kulig K. Fomepizole for the treatment of methanol poisoning. New England Journal of Medicine. 2001;344(6):424-9.
  • 5. Hayreh MS, Hayreh SS, Baumbach GL, Cancilla P, Martin-Amat G, Tephly TR, et al. Methyl alcohol poisoning: III. Ocular toxicity. Archives of Ophthalmology. 1977;95(10):1851-8.
  • 6. Feany M, Anthony D, Frosch M, Zane W, De Girolami U. August 2000: Two cases with necrosis and hemorrhage in the putamen and white matter. Brain Pathology (Zurich, Switzerland). 2001;11(1):121-2, 5.
  • 7. Gaul HP, Wallace CJ, Auer RN, Fong TC. MR findings in methanol intoxication. American journal of neuroradiology. 1995;16(9):1783-6.
  • 8. Azeemuddin M, Naqi R. MRI findings in methanol intoxication: a report of three cases. 2012.
  • 9. Gök E, Horoz M, Turgutalp K, Kiykim AA. Cilt Yoluyla Gelişen Fatal Metanol Zehirlenmesi: Olgu Sunumu ve Literatür Derlemesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011;31(1):234-9.
  • 10. Poisoning AAoCTAHCotTGfM, Barceloux DG, Randall Bond G, Krenzelok EP, Cooper H, Allister Vale J. American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning. Journal of toxicology: Clinical toxicology. 2002;40(4):415-46.
  • 11. Yaycı N, İnanıcı MA. Metil alkol (metanol) zehirlenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences. 2005;2(3):101-8.
  • 12. Önder F, İlker S, Kansu T, Tatar T, Kural G. Acute blindness and putaminal necrosis in methanol intoxication. International ophthalmology. 1998;22:81-4.
  • 13. Hizarci B, Erdoğan C, Karaaslan P, Unlukaplan A, Oz H. Transdermal methyl alcohol intoxication: a case report. Acta Derm Venereol. 2015;95(6):740-1.
  • 14. Caravati EM, Erdman AR, Christianson G, Manoguerra AS, Booze LL, Woolf AD, et al. Ethylene glycol exposure: an evidence-based consensus guideline for out-of-hospital management. Clinical Toxicology. 2005;43(5):327-45.
  • 15. Cervantes CE, Chu A, Heller D, Lemont M. Early dialysis in a rare case of combined toxic alcohols ingestion. CEN case reports. 2020;9:11-4.
  • 16. Hovda KE, Hunderi OH, Tafjord AB, Dunlop O, Rudberg N, Jacobsen D. Methanol outbreak in Norway 2002–2004: epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic signs. Journal of internal medicine. 2005;258(2):181-90.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Intensive Care
Journal Section Case Report
Authors

Faruk Yıldız 0009-0008-4530-8558

Pervin Hancı 0000-0002-7207-2041

Volkan İnal 0000-0003-2649-104X

Publication Date September 30, 2025
Submission Date April 15, 2025
Acceptance Date July 25, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 16 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Yıldız, F., Hancı, P., & İnal, V. (2025). A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, 16(3), 118-121. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1676824
AMA Yıldız F, Hancı P, İnal V. A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. September 2025;16(3):118-121. doi:10.33706/jemcr.1676824
Chicago Yıldız, Faruk, Pervin Hancı, and Volkan İnal. “A Case of Methyl Alcohol Intoxication Developing through Skin Contact”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16, no. 3 (September 2025): 118-21. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1676824.
EndNote Yıldız F, Hancı P, İnal V (September 1, 2025) A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16 3 118–121.
IEEE F. Yıldız, P. Hancı, and V. İnal, “A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact”, Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 118–121, 2025, doi: 10.33706/jemcr.1676824.
ISNAD Yıldız, Faruk et al. “A Case of Methyl Alcohol Intoxication Developing through Skin Contact”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports 16/3 (September2025), 118-121. https://doi.org/10.33706/jemcr.1676824.
JAMA Yıldız F, Hancı P, İnal V. A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2025;16:118–121.
MLA Yıldız, Faruk et al. “A Case of Methyl Alcohol Intoxication Developing through Skin Contact”. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports, vol. 16, no. 3, 2025, pp. 118-21, doi:10.33706/jemcr.1676824.
Vancouver Yıldız F, Hancı P, İnal V. A case of methyl alcohol intoxication developing through skin contact. Journal of Emergency Medicine Case Reports. 2025;16(3):118-21.