Sulfonamide Antibiotics and Their Environmental Effects

Abstract

Antibiotics have been used as medicinal drugs for over 50 years and have recently emerged as new pollutants in the environment. Worldwide, antibiotic use exceeds 100,000 tons per year. Sulfonamide antibiotics (SA's) are widely used in human and veterinary medicine. Pollution caused by antibiotics has emerged as a worldwide environmental problem in recent years and also affects natural food webs. This review covers the environmental effects of sulfonamide derived antibiotics. Transfer cycles from humans and animals, including their metabolic transformations, are discussed in the review. The results showed that; antibiotic metabolites are significantly persistent and localized to groundwater and drinking water. The information gathered can help scientists conduct further research into the status and transformation of antibiotics in the environment.

Keywords

• Antibiotic
• Environment
• Pollution
• Sulfonamide
• Waste

Sülfonamit Antibiyotikler ve Çevresel Etkileri

Abstract

Antibiyotikler 50 yılı aşkın bir süredir tıbbi ilaçlar olarak kullanılmaktadır ve son zamanlarda çevrede yeni kirleticiler olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Sülfonamit antibiyotikler (SA' lar), tıp ve veterinerlikte geniş çapta kullanılmaktadır. Antibiyotiklerin neden olduğu kirlilik, son yıllarda dünya çapında bir çevre sorunu olarak ortaya çıkmakta ve doğal gıda ağlarını da etkilemektedir. Bu derleme, sülfonamit türevi antibiyotiklerin çevredeki etkilerini kapsamaktadır. Derleme içeriğinde metabolik dönüşümleri de dahil olmak üzere insanlardan ve hayvanlardan transfer döngüsü ele alınmıştır. Sonuçlar göstermiştir ki; antibiyotik metabolitleri önemli ölçüde kalıcı olup, yeraltı sularına ve içme suyuna lokalize olmaktadır. Derlenen bilgiler, bilim adamlarının antibiyotiklerin durumu ve dönüşümü hakkında daha fazla araştırma yapmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Keywords

• Antibiyotik
• Atık
• Çevre
• Kirlilik
• Sülfonamit

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