Heavy Metal–Based Water Quality and Pollution Indices Assessment of Drinking Waters in Ağrı Province, Türkiye

Abstract

In this study, water quality and pollution levels in terms of heavy metals were evaluated in drinking water samples collected from water reservoirs, boreholes, and public fountains belonging to the Ağrı Water and Sewerage Administration in the central neighborhoods of Ağrı Province. For this purpose, water samples were taken from 50 different locations in the central neighborhoods of Ağrı province. Analyses of Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Co and Zn in the drinking water samples were performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. In this study, the water quality ındex (WQI) was used to evaluate the quality of drinking water, while the heavy metal pollution index (HPI), heavy metal assessment index (HEI), and pollution level (DC) were used to determine the heavy metal pollution of drinking water. As a result of the analyses, Hg was not detected in the water samples. The determined ranges of WQI, HPI, HEI, and DC values were 77.35–101.74, 64.14–93.25, 5.01–6.81, and −2.99 to −1.19, respectively. Except for sampling point N1, WQI values between 50 and 100 indicated that the drinking water samples were classified as good-quality water according to water quality criteria. Based on the HPI results, the ranking of heavy metal concentrations was Pb > Cd > Co > Ni > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu. The highest HPI and HEI values were observed in water samples collected from region N12. However, since HPI values at all sampling points were below 100, the drinking water samples were considered unlikely to cause adverse health effects. In addition, because HEI values were below 10 and DC values were below 1 at all locations, the water samples were classified as having low pollution levels. Overall, the results indicate that drinking water in the city center of Ağrı Province is generally suitable for consumption. However, due to industrial pollutants, the uncontrolled use of organic and chemical fertilizers, and the application of wastewater and sewage sludge in agriculture, regular heavy metal analysis and pollution monitoring in drinking water are essential for public health.

Keywords

• Water Quality
• Pollution Index
• Heavy Metal
• Drinking Water
• Ağrı Province

Ağrı İli Merkezindeki İçme Sularında Ağır Metaller Yönünden Su Kalitesi ve Kirlilik Düzeylerinin Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Ağrı ili merkez mahallelerinde yer alan Ağrı Su ve Kanalizasyon İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü'ne ait su depoları, sondaj kuyuları ve umumi çeşmelerden alınan içme suyu örneklerinde, ağır metaller açısından su kalitesi ve kirlilik düzeyleri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Ağrı ilinin merkez mahallelerindeki 50 farklı noktadan su örnekleri alınmıştır. İçme suyu örneklerinde Cd, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Co and Zn ağır metallerinin analizleri atomik absorpsiyon spektroskopisi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, su kalite İndeksi (WQI) içme sularının kalitesinin değerlendirilmesinde, ağır metal kirlilik indeksi (HPI), ağır metal değerlendirme indeksi (HEI) ve kirlilik derecesi (DC) ise içme sularının ağır metal kirliliğinin belirlenmesinde kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, su örneklerinde Hg tespit edilmemiştir. Örnekleme noktalarına göre belirlenen WQI, HPI, HEI ve DC değerleri sırasıyla 77,35–101,74, 64,14–93,25, 5,01–6,81 ve −2,99 ile −1,19 aralığında bulunmuştur. N1 örnekleme noktası dışında, içme suyu örneklerine ait WQI değerlerinin 50–100 aralığında olması, bu suların su kalite kriterlerine göre iyi kalite sınıfında yer aldığını göstermiştir. HPI sonuçlarına göre ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının sıralaması Pb > Cd > Co > Ni > Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu şeklinde belirlenmiştir. En yüksek HPI ve HEI değerleri, N12 bölgesinden alınan su örneklerinde tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, tüm örnekleme noktalarında HPI değerlerinin 100’ün altında olması, içme sularının sağlık açısından olumsuz etki oluşturmadığını göstermektedir. Ayrıca, tüm örneklerde HEI değerlerinin 10’un altında, DC değerlerinin ise 1’in altında olması nedeniyle, sular düşük kirlilik sınıfında değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, Ağrı ili merkezindeki içme sularının genel olarak içme amacıyla uygun olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ancak, endüstriyel kirleticiler, organik ve kimyasal gübrelerin kontrolsüz kullanımı, atıksu ve kanalizasyon çamurunun tarımda uygulanması nedeniyle, içme sularında ağır metal analizlerinin düzenli olarak yapılması ve kirlilik düzeylerinin izlenmesi, halk sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Keywords

• İçme suyu
• Ağrı İli
• Ağır Metal
• Su Kalitesi
• Kirlilik İndeksi

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