Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Integrating Multifunctional Street Design Concepts: A Case Study of Kayışdağı Street

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 117 - 136, 24.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1480696

Abstract

Streets are a network of social, economic, and physical activities that contribute to the vitality of neighborhoods. Successful urban streets have multiple functions beyond simply moving people and goods from place to place. At least 20-30% of cities are made up of streets, a huge infrastructure that needs to be maintained and developed. They have the potential to help address today's urban challenges related to climate change, biodiversity loss, health problems, and well-being. Different street design strategies are presented as a response to these challenges, as they can fulfill this multitude of functions; they are not only transport infrastructures, but also lively and inclusive public spaces, carriers of economic development, ecological corridors supporting ecosystem services, and lines of technical infrastructure including street and traffic lighting, electrical power, signalization, etc. Complete Streets, Green Streets, Healthy Streets, and Place Making and Streets are all concepts and initiatives that have evolved to address issues related to the planning and design of street environments, each with its own focus and definitions. This article introduces the current approaches to street design and proposes to integrate principles from each of the four concepts into Kayışdağı Street in Istanbul. It is selected as a case study to improve existing university districts' services and build new neighborhoods as the population grows exponentially.

References

  • Ataşehir Master Development Plan. (2021). 1/5000 scale Ataşehir District Kayışdağı and İnönü neighborhoods revision. https://sehirplanlama.ibb.istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/PR_78531.pdf
  • De Vries, S. M. E., Van Dillen, P. P., & Groenewegen, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science and Medicine, 94(1), 26-33.
  • EPA. (2021). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/G3/learn-about-green-streets
  • Ellery, P. J., & Ellery, J. (2019). Strengthening community sense of place through placemaking. Urban Planning, 4(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2004
  • Healthy Streets. (2024). https://www.healthystreets.com/
  • Im, J. (2019). Green streets to serve urban sustainability: Benefits and typology. Sustainability, 11(22), 6483-6505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226483
  • Jiang, J. (2016). A more complete street, a street for everyone to enjoy, North East Street, Frederick, Maryland [Master's thesis], University of Maryland.
  • Honold, J., Lakes, T., Beyer, R., & Van der Meer, E. (2016). Restoration in urban spaces: Nature views from home, greenways, and public parks. Environment and Behavior, 48(6), 796-825.
  • Kahraman, U. Ç. (2016). Kayışdağı yöresindeki ağaçlandırmaların silvikültürel olarak değerlendirilmesi / Silvicultural evaluation of plantation in the Kayışdağı region [Master's thesis, İstanbul Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • King, M. R., Carnegie, C., & Ewing, R. (2003). Pedestrian safety through a raised median and redesigned intersections. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1828(1), 56-66.
  • Litman, T. (2016). Economics of highway spending and traffic congestion. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
  • Moughtin, C. (2003). Urban design: Street and square (3rd ed.). Oxford: Architecture Press.
  • Mullaney, T., Lucke, J., & Trueman, S. J. (2015). A review of benefits and challenges in growing street trees in paved urban environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 157-166.
  • Noaca. (2019). Complete and green streets policy, Noaca Policy Committee. https://www.noaca.org
  • Powell, K. E., Martin, L., & Chowdhury, P. P. (2003). Places to walk: Convenience and regular physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1519-1521.
  • PPS. (2015). Project for Public Spaces. https://www.pps.org
  • Reynolds, C. C., Harris, M. A., Teschke, K., Cripton, P. A., & Winters, M. (2009). The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: A review of the literature. Environmental Health, 8, 47.
  • Säumel, I., Weber, F., & Kowarik, I. (2016). Toward livable and healthy urban streets: Roadside vegetation provides ecosystem services where people live and move. Environmental Science & Policy, 62, 24-33.
  • Saunders, L., Green, J., Petticrew, M., Steinbach, R., & Roberts, H. (2013). What are the health benefits of active travel? A systematic review of trials and cohort studies. PLOS ONE, 8(8).
  • Selbig, W. R., Loheide, S. P., Shuster, W., Scharenbroch, B. C., Coville, R. C., Kruegler, J., Avery, W., Haefner, R., & Nowak, D. (2021). Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151296.
  • Smart Growth America. (2012). National Coalition for Complete Streets. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/program/national-complete-streets-coalition/
  • Transport for London. (2016). How green infrastructure contributes to the healthy street approach. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/contributions-of-gi-to-healthy-streets-approach.pdf
  • Transport for London. (2020). Small change, big impact: A practical guide to changing London’s public spaces. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/small-change-big-impact.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Transportation. (2015). https://www.transportation.gov/mission/health/complete-streets#:~:text=Complete%20Streets%20are%20streets%20designed,bicyclists%2C%20or%20public%20transportation%20riders.
  • URL 1. https://smartgrowthamerica.org
  • URL 2. https://benefits.completestreets.org/how-it-works/
  • URL 3. https://www.planetizen.com/node/73723/celebrating-best-complete-streets-policies-2014
  • URL 4. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/what-are-complete-streets/
  • URL 5. https://www.epa.gov/
  • URL 6. https://www.hawkinspartners.com/
  • URL 7. https://www.portland.gov/bes
  • URL 8. https://www.epa.gov/
  • URL 9. https://www.healthystreets.com/what-is-healthy-streets
  • URL 10. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-38901536
  • URL 11. https://tfl.gov.uk/
  • URL 12. https://www.healthystreets.com/
  • URL 13. https://jbriney.co.uk/case-studies/holborn-circus-remodelling-scheme/
  • URL 14. https://ogdendowntown.com/historic25th/
  • URL 15. https://mexico.itdp.org/
  • URL 16. https://www.flickr.com/people/marionzetta/
  • URL 17. https://www.pps.org/
  • Complete Streets Design Guide. http://atpolicy.org/resources/design-guides/complete-streets-complete-networks-design-guide/
  • Green Streets Handbook. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/green_streets_design_manual_feb_2021_web_res_small_508.pdf
  • NACTO. (2016). Global street design guide. The National Association of City Transportation Officials Global Designing Cities Initiative, Island Press.
  • Project for Public Spaces Placemaking Program. https://www.pps.org/placemaking
  • Transport for London - Healthy Streets Explained. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/healthy-streets-explained.pdf
  • City of Hartford. (2020). Complete Street Plan. https://www.hartfordct.gov/public/cs-projects
  • O'Connor, M. (Ed.). (2021). Managing curb space in the Boston region: A guidebook. Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO).

Çok İşlevli Sokak Tasarımı Kavramlarının Bütünleştirilmesi: Kayışdağı Caddesi Üzerine Bir Örnek Çalışma

Year 2024, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 117 - 136, 24.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1480696

Abstract

Caddeler; kentlerin yaşanılabilirliğine katkıda bulunan bir sosyal, ekonomik ve fiziksel faaliyetler ağıdır. Başarılı kent caddeleri, insanları ve eşyaları bir yerden bir yere taşımanın ötesinde birçok işleve sahiptir. Şehirlerin en az %20-30'u, bakımı ve geliştirilmesi gereken devasa bir altyapı olan caddelerden oluşmaktadır. Bunun yanı sıra iklim değişikliği, biyoçeşitlilik kayıpları, sağlık sorunları ve toplulukların refahı ile ilgili çağdaş kentsel zorlukların üstesinden gelmeye katkıda bulunma potansiyeline sahiptirler. Günümüzde bu çok sayıda işlevi yerine getirebilmeleri için farklı cadde tasarım stratejileri ortaya konulmaktadır. Bu yenilikçi yaklaşımlar sadece trafik altyapıları değil aynı zamanda canlı ve kapsayıcı kamusal alanlar, ekonomik kalkınmayı teşvik, ekosistem hizmetlerini destekleyen ekolojik koridorlar ve sokak ve trafik aydınlatması, elektrik enerjisi, sinyalizasyon vb. dahil olmak üzere teknik altyapıları da kapsamaktadır. Bütünleşik caddeler, yeşil caddeler, sağlıklı caddeler ve caddeler için mekan yaratma hareketi gibi yaklaşımlar cadde planlaması ve tasarımı ile ilgili sorunları ele almak için geliştirilmiş kavramsal fikirler ve girişimlerdir ve her birinin kendi odak noktası ve tanımları bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede, dört farklı güncel cadde tasarımı yaklaşımları ele alınmakta ve hızla büyüyen bir üniversite bölgesi olma özelliğiyle çalışma alanı olarak seçilen Kayışdağı Caddesi'nde bu yaklaşımların temel ilkeleri örnek alınarak tasarım önerileri sunulmaktadır.

References

  • Ataşehir Master Development Plan. (2021). 1/5000 scale Ataşehir District Kayışdağı and İnönü neighborhoods revision. https://sehirplanlama.ibb.istanbul/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/PR_78531.pdf
  • De Vries, S. M. E., Van Dillen, P. P., & Groenewegen, P. (2013). Streetscape greenery and health: Stress, social cohesion and physical activity as mediators. Social Science and Medicine, 94(1), 26-33.
  • EPA. (2021). United States Environmental Protection Agency. https://www.epa.gov/G3/learn-about-green-streets
  • Ellery, P. J., & Ellery, J. (2019). Strengthening community sense of place through placemaking. Urban Planning, 4(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.17645/up.v4i2.2004
  • Healthy Streets. (2024). https://www.healthystreets.com/
  • Im, J. (2019). Green streets to serve urban sustainability: Benefits and typology. Sustainability, 11(22), 6483-6505. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226483
  • Jiang, J. (2016). A more complete street, a street for everyone to enjoy, North East Street, Frederick, Maryland [Master's thesis], University of Maryland.
  • Honold, J., Lakes, T., Beyer, R., & Van der Meer, E. (2016). Restoration in urban spaces: Nature views from home, greenways, and public parks. Environment and Behavior, 48(6), 796-825.
  • Kahraman, U. Ç. (2016). Kayışdağı yöresindeki ağaçlandırmaların silvikültürel olarak değerlendirilmesi / Silvicultural evaluation of plantation in the Kayışdağı region [Master's thesis, İstanbul Üniversitesi]. YÖK Tez Merkezi.
  • King, M. R., Carnegie, C., & Ewing, R. (2003). Pedestrian safety through a raised median and redesigned intersections. Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1828(1), 56-66.
  • Litman, T. (2016). Economics of highway spending and traffic congestion. Victoria Transport Policy Institute.
  • Moughtin, C. (2003). Urban design: Street and square (3rd ed.). Oxford: Architecture Press.
  • Mullaney, T., Lucke, J., & Trueman, S. J. (2015). A review of benefits and challenges in growing street trees in paved urban environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 134, 157-166.
  • Noaca. (2019). Complete and green streets policy, Noaca Policy Committee. https://www.noaca.org
  • Powell, K. E., Martin, L., & Chowdhury, P. P. (2003). Places to walk: Convenience and regular physical activity. American Journal of Public Health, 93, 1519-1521.
  • PPS. (2015). Project for Public Spaces. https://www.pps.org
  • Reynolds, C. C., Harris, M. A., Teschke, K., Cripton, P. A., & Winters, M. (2009). The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: A review of the literature. Environmental Health, 8, 47.
  • Säumel, I., Weber, F., & Kowarik, I. (2016). Toward livable and healthy urban streets: Roadside vegetation provides ecosystem services where people live and move. Environmental Science & Policy, 62, 24-33.
  • Saunders, L., Green, J., Petticrew, M., Steinbach, R., & Roberts, H. (2013). What are the health benefits of active travel? A systematic review of trials and cohort studies. PLOS ONE, 8(8).
  • Selbig, W. R., Loheide, S. P., Shuster, W., Scharenbroch, B. C., Coville, R. C., Kruegler, J., Avery, W., Haefner, R., & Nowak, D. (2021). Quantifying the stormwater runoff volume reduction benefits of urban street tree canopy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151296.
  • Smart Growth America. (2012). National Coalition for Complete Streets. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/program/national-complete-streets-coalition/
  • Transport for London. (2016). How green infrastructure contributes to the healthy street approach. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/contributions-of-gi-to-healthy-streets-approach.pdf
  • Transport for London. (2020). Small change, big impact: A practical guide to changing London’s public spaces. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/small-change-big-impact.pdf
  • U.S. Department of Transportation. (2015). https://www.transportation.gov/mission/health/complete-streets#:~:text=Complete%20Streets%20are%20streets%20designed,bicyclists%2C%20or%20public%20transportation%20riders.
  • URL 1. https://smartgrowthamerica.org
  • URL 2. https://benefits.completestreets.org/how-it-works/
  • URL 3. https://www.planetizen.com/node/73723/celebrating-best-complete-streets-policies-2014
  • URL 4. https://smartgrowthamerica.org/what-are-complete-streets/
  • URL 5. https://www.epa.gov/
  • URL 6. https://www.hawkinspartners.com/
  • URL 7. https://www.portland.gov/bes
  • URL 8. https://www.epa.gov/
  • URL 9. https://www.healthystreets.com/what-is-healthy-streets
  • URL 10. https://www.bbc.com/news/av/uk-england-london-38901536
  • URL 11. https://tfl.gov.uk/
  • URL 12. https://www.healthystreets.com/
  • URL 13. https://jbriney.co.uk/case-studies/holborn-circus-remodelling-scheme/
  • URL 14. https://ogdendowntown.com/historic25th/
  • URL 15. https://mexico.itdp.org/
  • URL 16. https://www.flickr.com/people/marionzetta/
  • URL 17. https://www.pps.org/
  • Complete Streets Design Guide. http://atpolicy.org/resources/design-guides/complete-streets-complete-networks-design-guide/
  • Green Streets Handbook. https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2021-04/documents/green_streets_design_manual_feb_2021_web_res_small_508.pdf
  • NACTO. (2016). Global street design guide. The National Association of City Transportation Officials Global Designing Cities Initiative, Island Press.
  • Project for Public Spaces Placemaking Program. https://www.pps.org/placemaking
  • Transport for London - Healthy Streets Explained. https://content.tfl.gov.uk/healthy-streets-explained.pdf
  • City of Hartford. (2020). Complete Street Plan. https://www.hartfordct.gov/public/cs-projects
  • O'Connor, M. (Ed.). (2021). Managing curb space in the Boston region: A guidebook. Boston Region Metropolitan Planning Organization (MPO).
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Physical Environment Control, Landscape Repair, Landscape Planning, Landscape Design
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zerrin İnan 0000-0003-3217-4139

Orçun Mert Carlık 0009-0001-9380-9583

Publication Date August 24, 2024
Submission Date May 9, 2024
Acceptance Date August 19, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 6 Issue: 2

Cite

APA İnan, Z., & Carlık, O. M. (2024). Integrating Multifunctional Street Design Concepts: A Case Study of Kayışdağı Street. JENAS Journal of Environmental and Natural Studies, 6(2), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.53472/jenas.1480696

JENAS | Journal of Environmental and Natural Search / Studies | JENAS | Çevresel ve Doğal Araştırmalar / Çalışmalar Dergisi