Amerika Birleşik Devletleri Büyük Stratejisinde Meşrulaştırma ve Söylem Sürekliliği

Abstract

Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, küresel hegemonyasını sağlamak yönünde izlediği politikaların meşrulaştırılmasında, küresel aktörler arasında ikililik yaratarak kendini meşru gösterme yolunu izlemiştir. Bu çalışma, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin küresel liderliğini meşrulaştırmak amacıyla söylemsel düzeyde nasıl bir “özgürlük–baskıcılık” ikililiği inşa ettiğini ve bu ikililiğin dış politika söyleminde nasıl bir süreklilik arz ettiğini sorgulamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışmada Harry S. Truman’ın Sovyetler Birliği’ne yönelik söylemleri ile George W. Bush’un terör ve radikal ideolojilere ilişkin söylemleri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri, küresel liderliğini meşrulaştırmak amacıyla kendisini “özgürlük” ile özdeşleştirirken, karşıt aktörleri “baskıcılık” üzerinden tanımlayarak söylemsel bir ikililik kurmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin dış politika söyleminde “öteki” unsurları ahlaki ve siyasi açıdan “kötü” olarak konumlandırarak, kendini “ötekinin” “kötülüğü” üzerinden “iyi” ve kurtarıcı olarak tanımladığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu gelenekselleşmiş yöntem kullanılmaya devam edilmektedir. Söz konusu söylemsel kalıp, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin dış politikasında istisnacılığın kurumsallaşmış bir tezahürü olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Keywords

• Söylem Sürekliliği
• George W. Bush
• Büyük Strateji
• Hary S. Truman
• Meşrulaştırma

Legitimization and Discourse Continuity in the United States Grand Strategy

Abstract

The United States has sought to legitimize its policies aimed at securing global hegemony by creating a dichotomy among global actors and presenting itself as the legitimate party. This study examines how the U.S. constructs a “freedom-oppression” dichotomy at the discursive level to legitimize its global leadership and how this dichotomy is sustained in its foreign policy discourse. In this context, the study uses discourse-historical analysis to compare and analyze Harry S. Truman’s discourse against the Soviet Union with George W. Bush’s discourse on terrorism and radical ideologies. The U.S. has constructed a discursive dichotomy by identifying itself with “freedom” and defining its opponents as “oppressive” in order to legitimize its global leadership. The study concludes that the U.S.’ foreign policy discourse positions “others” as “evil” from moral and political perspectives and defines itself “good” and savior over the “evil” nature of the “other”. This traditional method continues to be used. This discursive pattern has been assessed as an institutionalized reflection of exceptionalism in the foreign policy of the U.S. Recognizing these parallels and evaluating developments through this lens is essential for adopting the most appropriate strategic posture in future crises.

Keywords

• Discourse Continuity
• George W. Bush
• Grand Strategy
• Harry S. Truman
• Legitimation

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