Spor Turizmi Bağlamında Olimpiyat Oyunlarının Ev Sahibi Şehirlere Ekonomik Etkilerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi (2000-2024)

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, spor turizmi bağlamında 2000 ile 2024 yılları arasında düzenlenen Yaz Olimpiyat Oyunları'nın (Sydney, Atina, Pekin, Londra, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo ve Paris) ev sahibi şehirler üzerindeki ekonomik etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz etmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ikincil veriler analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı doğrultusunda; organizasyon maliyetleri, turizm gelirleri, altyapı yatırımları ve uzun vadeli ekonomik göstergeleri incelenmiştir. Her bir olimpiyat şehri için; olimpiyat bilgileri, ekonomik boyut ve istihdam-sosyo-ekonomik faydalar boyutları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular, Olimpiyatların ekonomik başarısının, turizm gelirlerinden ziyade kapsamlı ön maliyet-fayda analizi, mevcut altyapının etkin kullanımı ve en kritik olarak etkinlik sonrası sürdürülebilir bir miras planlamasına bağlı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Atina 2004 ve Rio 2016 örneklerinde görüldüğü üzere, planlama eksikliği ve "beyaz fil" tesisler, ciddi finansal yükler olarak ortaya çıkarken; Londra 2012 ve Paris 2024 modelleri, sürdürülebilirliği ve toplumsal faydayı merkeze alan yeni bir mega etkinlik anlayışı ortaya koymuştur. Çalışmada, önümüzdeki yıllarda ev sahibi şehirlere, finansal riskleri minimize ederken uzun vadeli kalkınma fırsatlarını maksimize etmeleri amacıyla öneriler sunulmuştur.

Keywords

• Spor turizmi
• Olimpiyat ekonomisi
• mega etkinlik yönetimi
• sürdürülebilir miras
• turizm gelirleri

Comparative Analysis Of The Economic Impacts Of The Olympic Games On Host Cities In The Context Of Sports Tourism (2000-2024)

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the economic impacts of the Summer Olympic Games (Sydney, Athens, Beijing, London, Rio de Janeiro, Tokyo, and Paris) held between 2000 and 2024 on their host cities in the context of sports tourism. The study, conducted using qualitative research methods, analyzed secondary data. Research data included organizational costs, tourism revenues, infrastructure investments, and long-term economic indicators. Subsequently, for each Olympic city, Olympic information, economic dimensions and employment-socioeconomic benefits dimensions were evaluated. The findings reveal that the economic success of the Olympics depends on a comprehensive ex-ante cost-benefit analysis, the effective use of existing infrastructure, and, most critically, sustainable legacy planning after the event, rather than tourism revenues. As seen in the examples of Athens 2004 and Rio 2016, planning deficiencies and "white elephant" facilities emerged as serious financial burdens, while the London 2012 and Paris 2024 models presented a new approach to mega-events centered on sustainability and social benefits. The study offers recommendations to host cities for the coming years on how to minimize financial risks while maximizing longterm development opportunities.

Keywords

• Sports tourism
• Olympic economy
• mega-event management
• sustainable legacy
• tourism revenues

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