Metanol-Dizel Çift Yakıtlı Reaktivite Kontrollü Sıkıştırma ile Ateşlemeli (RCCI) Bir Motorda Farklı Yüklerin Yanma Karakteristiklerine Etkisinin Deneysel İncelenmesi

Abstract

Dünyada insan nüfusunun ve taşıt sayısının artmasına bağlı olarak artan emisyon kirliliği, insan sağlığını ve doğayı olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu kirletici emisyonlar, atmosferde sera gazı ve partiküllerin birikmesine neden olur. Bu da günümüzde, başta iklim değişikliği ve hava kirliliği olmak üzere birçok soruna yol açmaktadır. Dizel ve benzin motorlarının avantajlarını birleştiren RCCI motorlar, daha verimli ve temiz bir yanma sağlayan yenilikçi bir düşük sıcaklıkta yanma konseptidir. Bu konseptte, yüksek reaktiviteli ve düşük reaktiviteli olmak üzere en az iki farklı türde yakıt kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, düşük sıcak yakıtı olarak, yüksek oktan sayısı ile bilinen bir alkol yakıtı olan metanol ile geleneksel dizel yakıtı kullanılmıştır. Dört silindirli, turboşarjlı, su soğutmalı, common-rail yakıt enjeksiyon sistemine sahip bir dizel motor, emme manifolduna metanol yakıtı püskürtecek yeni bir enjektör eklenmesiyle birlikte RCCI yanma konseptine dönüştürülmüştür. Deneyler 1750 d/d sabit hızda ve dört farklı motor yükünde (40 Nm, 60 Nm, 80 Nm ve 100 Nm) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kullanılan metanol, 12,19 ve 26 g/d (M12, M19 ve M26) olmak üzere üç farklı kütlesel debide motora gönderilmiş, elde edilen sonuçlar dizel yakıtı ile elde edilen sonuçlarla karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile common-rail yakıt enjeksiyon sistemine sahip metanol-dizel çift yakıtlı bir RCCI motorda, sabit emme havası sıcaklığında (55 oC), farklı metanol enerji oranlarında ve kısmi yüklerde detaylı olarak incelenmesi ve literatüre önemli katkı sağlanması amaçlanmıştır. Yanma karakteristikleri, (silindir basıncı, ısı dağılım oranı, kümülatif ısı dağılımı, basınç artış oranı, tutuşma gecikmesi ve yanma süresi) motor performansı (özgül yakıt tüketimi ve volümetrik verim) ve egzoz emisyon parametreleri (HC, CO2, O2, NOx ve is) incelenmiştir. Deneyler sonucunda, kullanılan metanol oranının artmasıyla birlikte basınç artış oranı değerinin M26 yakıtında vuruntu limitinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Motor yükü arttıkça maksimum silindir basınçlarının ve basınç artış oranlarının arttığı, maksimum ısı dağılım oranının ise azaldığı görülmektedir. Minimum tutuşma gecikmesi M12 yakıtı ile 40 Nm’de, 5,63 krank mili açısında meydana gelirken, maksimum tutuşma gecikmesi M26 yakıtı ile 80 Nm’de 15,12 krank mili açısında meydana gelmiş olup motor yükü arttıkça artan bir eğilim göstermektedir. En yüksek yanma süresi M26 yakıtıyla 100 Nm torkta elde edilirken, en düşük yanma süresi aynı yakıtla 40 Nm’de elde edilmiştir. Genel olarak artan yükle azalma eğilimi gösteren özgül yakıt tüketimi için minimum değer geleneksel dizel yakıtı için 100 Nm'de 231,11 g/kWh olurken, en yüksek değeri M21 yakıtı ile 40 Nm’de 350,49 g/kWh olmuştur. Metanol oranı arttıkça NOx ve CO2 emisyonlarında önemli iyileşmeler gözlenirken, HC ve O2 emisyonlarında artış görülmüştür. İs emisyonu ise düşük yüklerde azalırken, yüksek yüklerde artma eğilimi göstermiştir.

Keywords

• Metanol
• RCCI
• Yanma Karakteristiği
• İçten Yanmalı Motorlar

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Different Loads on the Combustion Characteristics in a Methanol-Diesel Dual-Fuel Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Engine

Abstract

The increasing emission pollution caused by the growing human population and the rising number of vehicles worldwide negatively affects both human health and the environment. These pollutant emissions lead to the accumulation of greenhouse gases and particulates in the atmosphere, resulting in various problems, primarily climate change and air pollution. RCCI engines, which combine the advantages of diesel and gasoline engines, represent an innovative low-temperature combustion concept that enables more efficient and cleaner combustion. This concept involves the use of at least two different types of fuels: one with high reactivity and the other with low reactivity. In this study, methanol, an alcohol fuel known for its high octane number, was used as the low-reactivity fuel along with conventional diesel fuel. A four-cylinder, turbocharged, water-cooled diesel engine with a common-rail fuel injection system was modified to the RCCI combustion concept by adding an additional injector to spray methanol fuel into the intake manifold. In this study, a detailed investigation was conducted on a methanol-diesel dual-fuel RCCI engine equipped with a common-rail fuel injection system under constant intake air temperature conditions (55 °C), at various methanol energy ratios and partial load operations, with the aim of making a significant contribution to the literature. The study focuses on combustion characteristics (cylinder pressure, heat release rate, cumulative heat release, pressure rise rate, ignition delay, and combustion duration), engine performance parameters (brake specific fuel consumption and volumetric efficiency), and exhaust emission parameters (HC, CO₂, O₂, NOx, and soot). Experiments were conducted at a constant speed of 1750 rpm under four different engine loads (40 Nm, 60 Nm, 80 Nm, and 100 Nm).The methanol used in this study was supplied to the engine at three different mass flow rates 12, 19, and 26 g/s (M12, M19, and M26) and the results were compared with those obtained using diesel fuel. As a result of the experiments, it was found that with an increasing proportion of methanol, the pressure rise rate in the M26 fuel reached the knock limit. It was also observed that as the engine load increased, the maximum cylinder pressures and pressure rise rates increased, while the maximum heat release rate decreased. The minimum ignition delay occurred with the M12 fuel at 40 Nm, at 5.63 crank angle degrees, while the maximum ignition delay was observed with the M26 fuel at 80 Nm, at 15.12 crank angle degrees, showing an increasing trend with rising engine load. The longest combustion duration was obtained with the M26 fuel at 100 Nm torque, whereas the shortest combustion duration was also recorded with the same fuel at 40 Nm. In terms of brake specific fuel consumption, which generally exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing load, the lowest value was 231.11 g/kWh at 100 Nm with conventional diesel fuel, while the highest value was 350.49 g/kWh at 40 Nm with the M21 fuel. As the methanol ratio increased, significant improvements were observed in NOx and CO₂ emissions, while HC and O₂ emissions showed an increasing trend. Soot emissions decreased at low loads but tended to increase under high load conditions.

Keywords

• Methanol
• RCCI
• Combustion Characteristic
• Internal Combustion Engines

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