Research Article

Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye

Volume: 37 Number: 3 September 24, 2025
TR EN

Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye

Abstract

Understanding the influence of air quality parameters and meteorological factors on SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains a critical concern in the science world. This study investigates the effects of air quality and meteorological parameters on the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 cases in the cities of Türkiye. Air quality data including PM2.5, PM10, O3, SO2, CO, along with meteorological data such as temperature and humidity, were analyzed across 41 cities in Türkiye using Geographic Information Systems and spatial regression models. This regional case study contributes to existing research by emphasizing the importance of localized investigations, acknowledging that the unique characteristics of cities in Türkiye demand a region-specific approach. Differences in climate, air quality, and urbanization patterns across regions can significantly influence disease transmission, making localized studies essential for a comprehensive understanding of virus spread. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) methods were employed to assess both global and localized associations. While the OLS analysis did not reveal statistically significant relationships at the national scale, the GWR approach uncovered notable spatial variability in the strength of associations, particularly for PM2.5 and PM10. Certain cities, such as Aksaray and Konya, exhibited stronger correlations between particulate matter concentrations and COVID-19 incidence, suggesting the influence of localized environmental and urban characteristics. The findings of this study aim to enhance global efforts to improve resilience against emerging infectious diseases and promote sustainable, healthier urban environments through tailored regional strategies. Additionally, the results provide valuable insights to local policymakers, aiding in the implementation of strategies to improve air quality in high-risk regions and mitigate the adverse effects of future pandemics on public health and the economy.

Keywords

Thanks

We thank the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Research Project Support Program for University Undergraduate Students for funding this study.

References

  1. WHO. (2020). World Health Organization. https://covid19.who.int
  2. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395(10223), 497–506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  3. Marquès, M., Rovira, J., Nadal, M., & Domingo, J. L. (2021). Effects of air pollution on the potential transmission and mortality of COVID-19: A preliminary case study in Tarragona Province (Catalonia, Spain). Environmental Research, 192, 110315.
  4. Setti, L., Passarini, F., De Gennaro, G., Barbieri, P., Licen, S., Perrone, M. G., ... Miani, A. (2020). Potential role of particulate matter in the spreading of COVID-19 in Northern Italy: First observational study based on initial epidemic diffusion. BMJ Open, 10(9), e039338.
  5. Lin, S., Wei, D., Sun, Y., Chen, K., Yang, L., Liu, B., ... Wu, S. (2020). Region-specific air pollutants and meteorological parameters influence COVID-19: A study from mainland China. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 204, 111035.
  6. Hassan, M. S., Bhuiyan, M. A. H., Tareq, F., Bodrud-Doza, M., Tanu, S. M., & Rabbani, K. A. (2021). Relationship between COVID-19 infection rates and air pollution, geo-meteorological, and social parameters. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 193(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08810-4
  7. Stieb, D. M., Evans, G. J., To, T. M., Brook, J. R., & Burnett, R. T. (2020). An ecological analysis of long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of COVID-19 in Canadian health regions. Environmental Research, 191, 110052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110052
  8. Dales, R., Blanco-Vidal, C., Romero-Meza, R., Schoen, S., Lukina, A., & Cakmak, S. (2021). The association between air pollution and COVID-19 related mortality in Santiago, Chile: A daily time series analysis. Environmental Research, 198, 111284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.111284

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Air Pollution Modelling and Control, Environmental Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

September 15, 2025

Publication Date

September 24, 2025

Submission Date

February 21, 2025

Acceptance Date

July 21, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 37 Number: 3

APA
Kocamaz, A., Akkuş, Y., Babayiğit, Ş., & Orak, N. H. (2025). Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 37(3), 243-251. https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP
AMA
1.Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS. 2025;37(3):243-251. https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP
Chicago
Kocamaz, Ayşenur, Yekta Akkuş, Şeyma Babayiğit, and Nur Hanife Orak. 2025. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37 (3): 243-51. https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP.
EndNote
Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH (September 1, 2025) Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37 3 243–251.
IEEE
[1]A. Kocamaz, Y. Akkuş, Ş. Babayiğit, and N. H. Orak, “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”, JEPS, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 243–251, Sept. 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP
ISNAD
Kocamaz, Ayşenur - Akkuş, Yekta - Babayiğit, Şeyma - Orak, Nur Hanife. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 37/3 (September 1, 2025): 243-251. https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP.
JAMA
1.Kocamaz A, Akkuş Y, Babayiğit Ş, Orak NH. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS. 2025;37:243–251.
MLA
Kocamaz, Ayşenur, et al. “Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, vol. 37, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 243-51, https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP.
Vancouver
1.Ayşenur Kocamaz, Yekta Akkuş, Şeyma Babayiğit, Nur Hanife Orak. Investigating the Relationship Between Air Quality, Meteorological Parameters, and the Transmission Dynamics of COVID-19: A Case Study for Türkiye. JEPS [Internet]. 2025 Sep. 1;37(3):243-51. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA46LN55RP