Kontrol Mekanizması Olarak Çalışan İzleme Yazılımları: PRISMA ve VOSviewer Destekli Sistematik Literatür Taraması

Abstract

Çalışan performansını artırmak, hedeflere ulaşmak ve güvenlik ile hukuki uyumu sağlamak gibi temel fonksiyonları yerine getirebilmek maksadıyla çalışan kontrolü, organizasyonlar için kritik öneme sahiptir. Covid-19 pandemisiyle birlikte uzaktan veya evden çalışma uygulamalarının başlaması ve devam etmesi, hatta artış eğiliminde olması, çalışan kontrolünü daha da önemli hale getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda, çalışanların iş yapışını daha etkin biçimde izleyip kontrol edebilmek amacıyla birçok çalışan izleme yazılımı (ÇİY) geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada; ÇİY’larına ilişkin olarak bilimsel literatürdeki mevcut durumu ortaya koyarak konuya ilişkin çalışma eğilimlerini ve boşlukları tespit etmek, bu tür bir yazılım kullanmayı planlayan organizasyonlar için önerilerde bulunmak amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, ÇİY’larına ilişkin bilimsel yayınları PRISMA akış şeması ve dahil etme kriterleri çerçevesinde sistematik literatür taraması yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Web of Science (WoS) ve Scopus veritabanlarında “bossware”, “tattleware”, “employee monitoring”, “employee surveillance”, “productivity tracking”, “digital monitoring”, “telework monitoring”, “remote work analytics”, “computerized monitoring” anahtar kelimeleri ve en popüler ÇİY’larının adı ile 2025 yılı öncesine ait makaleler taranmıştır. Konu ile ilgili olarak İngilizce ve açık erişimli toplamda 26 çalışma analize tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen verilerin analizi ve görselleştirmesinde VOSviewer kullanılmış ayrıca analizlerde ChatPDF’ten yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, ÇİY’larına ilişkin literatürün oldukça sınırlı olduğu ve araştırmaların daha çok hukuksal ve etik boyutlara odaklandığı görülmüştür. Teknik ve uygulama temelli çalışmaların eksikliği, gelecekteki araştırmalar için önemli bir boşluk olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Ayrıca ülkeler ve yazarlar arasındaki iş birliği ağlarının zayıf olduğu, tematik olarak ise üretkenlik takibi ve dijital gözetim konularının öne çıktığı belirlenmiştir. ÇİY kullanmayı planlayan organizasyonların hem hukuksal ve etik konuları dikkate almaları hem de kendi ihtiyaçlarına en uygun yazılımı seçmeleri gerektiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Keywords

• Patron yazılımı
• ihbar yazılımı
• dijital gözetim
• evden çalışma
• tele çalışma
• uzaktan çalışma

Ethical Statement

Bu çalışma; “anket, mülakat, odak grup çalışması, gözlem, deney, görüşme teknikleri kullanılarak katılımcılardan veri toplanmasını gerektiren nitel ya da nicel yaklaşımlarla yürütülen her türlü araştırmalar, insan ve hayvanların (materyal/veriler dahil) deneysel ya da diğer bilimsel amaçlarla kullanılması, insanlar üzerinde yapılan klinik araştırmalar, hayvanlar üzerinde yapılan araştırmalar, kişisel verilerin korunması kanunu gereğince retrospektif çalışmalar” kapsamına girmediğinden etik kurul kararına gerek duyulmamıştır.

Thanks

Bu araştırmadaki değerli desteklerinden dolayı Sn.Özkan URAL'a teşekkür ederiz.

Employee Monitoring Software as a Control Mechanism: A PRISMA and VOSviewer-Assisted Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

To fulfill core functions such as enhancing employee performance, achieving organizational goals, and ensuring security and legal compliance, employee control holds critical importance for organizations. With the onset and continued prevalence of remote and home-based work practices following the COVID-19 pandemic—and their increasing adoption—employee control has become even more essential. In this context, numerous employee monitoring software (EMS) solutions have been developed to enable organizations to more effectively observe and manage how employees perform their tasks. This study aims to identify the current state of the scientific literature on EMS, uncover research trends and gaps in the field, and offer recommendations for organizations considering the implementation of such technologies. This study examines the scientific publications on EMS through a systematic literature review method, guided by the PRISMA flow diagram and inclusion criteria. Articles published before 2025 were retrieved from WoS and Scopus databases using keywords such as “bossware”, “tattleware”, “employee monitoring”, “employee surveillance”, “productivity tracking”, “digital monitoring”, “telework monitoring”, “remote work analytics”, and “computerized monitoring”, as well as the names of the most popular EMS tools. A total of 26 open-access, English-language studies were included in the analysis. VOSviewer was used for the analysis and visualization of the data, and ChatPDF was also employed to support the analyses. The results revealed that the literature on EMS is quite limited and that existing studies primarily focus on legal and ethical dimensions. The lack of technical and practice-oriented research highlights a significant gap for future studies. Moreover, collaboration networks among countries and authors were found to be weak, while productivity tracking and digital surveillance emerged as the dominant thematic areas. It was concluded that organizations planning to adopt EMS should carefully consider legal and ethical issues and select the software most suitable for their specific needs.

Keywords

• Bossware
• tattleware
• digital surveillance
• homeoffice
• teleworking
• remote work

Ethical Statement

This study does not fall within the scope of research requiring data collection from participants through qualitative or quantitative approaches such as surveys, interviews, focus group studies, observations, experiments, or other techniques; nor does it involve the experimental or scientific use of humans or animals (including materials/data), clinical research on humans, research on animals, or retrospective studies subject to the Personal Data Protection Law. Therefore, ethical committee approval was not required.

Thanks

This study benefited from the valuable input of Özkan URAL, to whom the author extends sincere appreciation.

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