The Cfd Analysis of Ventilation and Smoke Control System with Jet Fan in a Parking Garage

Abstract

Basements of buildings are generally used as parking garages and vehicles located in there release harmful gases. It is generally not possible to ventilate parking garages with natural ventilation methods. For this reason, ventilation systems should be used to keep the concentration of harmful gases below certain limits. One of these ventilation systems is jet fan system. It can also be used for smoke control and exhaust of harmful gases in case of fire. In this study, the jet fan system was designed for a parking garage and its performance has been observed by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Carbon monoxide concentration and air velocity parameters were investigated according to the different car occupancy rates with the CFD analyses for daily ventilation. In the results, when the number of cars increased, the air velocities decreased in the areas where the cars located and exhaust of the CO gas took longer time. In fire analyses, the same parameters were analyzed according to the different jet fan hanging heights. In the fire ventilation results, when the jet fan hanging height was increased, distribution of the air velocity profiles changed and it took longer time to exhaust the CO gas from the car park.

Keywords

• CFD,Parking garages,Smoke control,Jet fan,Car park ventilation

References

1. v.d.Giesen, B.J.M., Penders, S.H.A., Loomans, M.G.L.C., Rutten, P.G.S., & Hensen, J.L.M. (2011). Modelling and simulation of a jet fan for controlled air flow in large enclosures. Environmental Modelling & Software, 26(2), 191-200.
2. Lu, S., Wang, Y.H., Zhang, R.F., & Zhang, H.P. (2011). Numerical Study on Impulse Ventilation for Smoke Control in an Underground Car Park. Procedia Engineering, 11, 369-378.
3. Špiljar, Ž., Drakulić, M., & Schneider, D.R. (2018). Analysis of Jet Fan Ventilation System installed in an Underground Car Park with Partition Walls. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems, 6(2), 228-239.
4. Deckers, X., Haga, S., Tilley, N., & Merci, B. (2013). Smoke control in case of fire in a large car park: CFD simulations of full-scale configurations. Fire Safety Journal, 57, 22-34.
5. Li, S.C., Chen, Y., Chen, X., & Jing, G.G. (2011). Engineering Numerical Simulation on the Amount of Make-up Air for Mechanical Smoke Exhaust in Atrium. Procedia Engineering, 11, 379-384.
6. Goel, R.K., Singh, B., & Zhao, J. (2012). Ventilation in Underground Car Parks. In Underground Infrastructures - Planning, Design, and Construction, Elsevier, USA, pp. 118-119
7. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). Carbon Monoxide's Impact on Indoor Air Quality. Retrieved from EPA: https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/carbon-monoxides-impact-indoor-air-quality#Health_Effects
8. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (n.d.). NAAQS Table. Retrieved from EPA: https://www.epa.gov/criteria-air-pollutants/naaqs-table

9. Witt, K., Schütze, J., & Witt&Sohn AG. (2008). Effective Thrust Transformation Inside Tunnels with Jet Fans(Banana Jet). 4th International Conference 'Tunnel Safety and Ventilation'. Graz.
10. Owen M.S.(Ed.). (2007). 2007 ASHRAE Handbook—HVAC Applications (SI). ASHRAE.
11. Binaların Yangından Korunması Hakkında Yönetmelik. T.C. Resmi Gazete (26735, 19.12.2017).