Performance of Optimization Algorithms in the Control of 3D Printer

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) bio printers are used extensively in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, especially in bioprinting of ear, nose and face-chin prostheses. Printing errors that differ from model to model are frequently seen in the bio-printing of artificial tissue and organ. Errors occurring on the surface of the model prevent the efficient use of the organ to be printed. The controller performance of the 3D printer needs to be improved so that errors in the artificial organ and tissue bio-printing process can be minimized. In this study, a novel adaptive PID controller based on Improved Grey Wolf Optimization (IGWO) has been developed for bio-printing of artificial tissues and organs. The IGWO algorithm has been preferred to avoid local minima. The convergence speed of the proposed algorithm allows the parameters of the PID controller to be adjusted quickly and accurately. The performance of the developed IGWO based adaptive PID controller has been measured with the help of Integral of Time multiplied Squared Error (ITSE), one of the performance metrics. The performance of the proposed controller for the 3D printer has been compared to the classical PID and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) based PID controllers’s performance. From the experimental obtained results, it can be seen that the proposed IGWO based adaptive PID controller significantly improves the 3D printer's transient response and minimizes surface errors in the printed organs such as the nose and ear.

Keywords

• 3D printer
• Artificial tissue and organ
• Improved grey wolf optimization
• Adaptive control
• Nose and ear prosthesis

3B Yazıcının Kontrolünde Optimizasyon Algoritmalarının Performansı

Abstract

Üç boyutlu (3B) biyo yazıcılar, rejeneratif tıp ve doku mühendisliği alanlarında özellikle kulak, burun ve yüz-çene protezlerinin biyo baskılarında yoğun şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Modelden modele farklılık gösteren baskı hataları yapay doku ve organların biyo-baskısında sıklıkla görülmektedir. Modelin yüzeyinde meydana gelen hatalar yazdırılacak organın verimli kullanımına engel olmaktadır. Yapay doku ve organ biyo-baskısı sürecinde meydana gelen hataların en aza indirilebilmesi için 3B yazıcının kontrolcü performansının iyileştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yapay doku ve organların biyo-baskısı için İyileştirilmiş Gri Kurt Optimizasyon (İGKO) tabanlı yeni bir uyarlanabilir PID kontrolcü geliştirilmiştir. Yerel minimumlardan kaçınmak için İGKO algoritması tercih edilmiştir. Önerilen algoritmanın yakınsama hızı PID kontrolcünün parametrelerinin hızlı ve doğru şekilde ayarlanabilmesine olanak sağlamaktadır. Geliştirilen İGKO tabanlı uyarlanabilir PID kontrolcünün performansı, performans metriklerinden biri olan zaman ağırlıklı karesel hatanın integrali (Integral of Time multiplied Squared Error-ITSE) yardımıyla ölçülmüştür. 3B yazıcı için önerilen kontrolcünün performansı, klasik PID ve Balina Optimizasyon Algoritması (BOA) tabanlı PID kontrolcülerin performansı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlardan, önerilen İGKO tabanlı uyarlanabilir PID kontrolcünün 3B yazıcının geçici tepkisini önemli ölçüde iyileştirdiği ve yazdırılan burun ve kulak gibi organlardaki yüzey hatalarını en aza indirdiği görülmektedir.

Keywords

• 3B yazıcı
• Yapay doku ve organ
• Geliştirilmiş gri kurt optimizasyon
• Uyarlamalı kontrol
• Burun ve kulak protezi

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