Bitki Doku Kültürlerinde Sekonder Metabolit Miktarını Arttırmaya Yönelik Uygulamalar

Abstract

Doku kültürü teknikleri, 1900’lü yılların başında uygulanmaya başlanmış ve bu oldukça ümit verici bulunmuştur. Bitkiden alınan tek bir parçadan yeni bitkilerin çok kısa sürede, arzu edilen sayıda, dış şartlara bağımlı olmaksızın üretilebileceği fikri bilim adamlarını heyecanlandırmıştır. Ancak yapılan çalışmalarda her bitki türü için sistemin optimizasyona gerek duyması, bazı genotiplerin doku kültüründe iyi cevap verirken bazılarının gelişimlerinin oldukça kısır kalması, yüksek yapılı bitkilerde ise başarının sağlanamaması bilim adamlarını doku kültürünü farklı amaçlarla kullanma yoluna sevk etmiştir. Bu yollardan biri ve belki de en önemlisi değerli fitokimyasalların doku kültüründe üretimidir. Doku kültüründe gelişen bitkiler çevresel şartlarla sınırlandırılmaz ve uygun bir kültür ortamı sağlanmasıyla istenilen bileşiklerin biyosentezi yapılabilir ve bu bileşiklerin miktarı arttırılabilir. Sekonder ürünlerin doku kültürü ortamında üretilmesiyle arz talep dengesine dayanan, çevresel etkilerden bağımsız üretim sağlanabilir. Sabit kararlılıkta, belli bir standardı olan maddeler üretilebilir. Doğa tahribatı en aza indirilip, daha az arazi kullanımının gerçekleşmesi sağlanabilir. Yeni sekonder ürünlerin eldesi mümkün olabilir. Nesli tükenme tehlikesi altındaki türler korunabilir. Bileşenlerin biyosentez yollarının aydınlatılmasında, değiştirilmesinde, sekonder metabolitlerin üretimi ve çeşitli etkenlerle miktar arttırılmasında, iyi ürün veren türlerin seleksiyonunda bitki doku kültürleri umut vaat etmektedir.

Keywords

• Bitki doku kültürü
• Sekonder metabolit
• Tıbbi bitki
• Üretim

Applications for Improving Secondary Metabolite Production in Plant Tissue Cultures

Abstract

Tissue culture techniques which started in the early 1900s were found very promising. Scientists were excited about the idea that new plants could be produced from a single piece taken from the plant in a very short time, in the desired number, regardless of external conditions. However, the system needs optimization for each plant species and some genotypes respond well in tissue culture, while the development of some of them remains quite low. Also, the failure to achieve success in higher plants has prompted scientists to use tissue culture for different purposes. One of these ways, and perhaps the most important, is the production of valuable phytochemicals in tissue culture. Plants growing in tissue culture are not limited by environmental conditions, the desired compounds can be biosynthesized, the amount of these compounds can be increased by providing a suitable culture environment. Production based on supply-demand balance and independent of environmental effects can be achieved by tissue culture environment. Substances with constant stability and a certain standard can be produced. Nature destruction can be minimized and less land use can be achieved. It may be possible to obtain new secondary products. The production amount of herbal chemical whose biosynthesis mechanism and intermediate products are known can be increased. Endangered species can be protected. Plant tissue cultures are promising in the elucidation of the biosynthesis pathways of the components, the production of secondary metabolites and increasing the amount of them by various factors.

Keywords

• Plant tissue culture
• Secondary metabolite
• Medicinal plant
• Production

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