Research Article
Year 2019,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 179 - 187, 30.06.2019
Abstract
Bu araştırma, diok Ficus carica’da sikonyum üzerine yapılan
ilk kantitatif ve detaylı çalışmanın bir parçasıdır. İncir ağaçlarının, fenolojisinin
ve eşeysel özelliklerinin araştırılması için sikonyumlar üç dönem boyunca toplandı.
Asenkron sikonyum üretimi popülasyon düzeyinde gözlendi. Sikonyumlar yılda üç
kez meydana geldiler: ilkbahar (Aralık-Mart), yaz (Temmuz-Eylül) ve sonbaharda (Eylül-Kasım)
Sikonyum oldukça farklı bir yapıdadır; ostiol denilen açıklık, çiçeklerin
etrafını saran pul benzeri brakteler ve reseptakulumdan oluşmaktadır. Erkek, gal
veya dişi çiçekler sikonyum'un iç yüzeyinde bulunan reseptakulum üzerinde taşınırlar.
ilkbahar, yaz ve sonbahar dönemlerinde incelenen sikonyumlarda, ilkbahar ve yaz
aylarında gal ve dişi çiçeklerin morfolojik farklılıklar içerdikleri, oysa ki
erkek çiçeklerin hiçbir farklılık göstermedikleri görüldü. F. carica'nın meyveleri sikonyumarın hayatta kalmak için yoğun bir değişiklik geçirdiğini tespit ettik.
Bu incelemede, sikonyumun oluşumu ve gelişme zamanı araştırılmış ve
karşılaştırılmıştır.
Keywords
References
- [1] Monselise, S. P., Figue, Fr., Feige, Ger., Fico, It ., Higo, Sp., Julian, C. C. (2018). Handbook of Fruit Set and Development, Chapter Fig ,Pages 14.[2] Datwyler, S.L., Weiblen, G. D. (2004). On the origin of the fig: phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences. Am J Bot, 91, 767–777. [3] Corner, E. J. H. (1962). The classification of Moraceae. Gard. Bull. Straits Settle- ment 19:187-252.[4] Janzen, D. H. (1979a). How to be a Fig. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 13-51. [5] Ji, L., Zhe, W., Li, C., Tinglin, Z., Qinwei, G., Jian X., Li, J., Qunfeng, L., Sanwen, H., Zhengguo, L. (2014). Transcriptome comparison of global distinctive features between pollination and parthenocarpic fruit set reveals transcriptional phytohormone cross-talk in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Cell Physiol 55(7), 1325.[6] FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2006). FAOSTAT agricultural data. [7] Berg, C. C. (2003). Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 1: The main subdivision of Ficus: the subgenera. Blumea 48, 167-178.[8] Aytürk, Ö. (2016). Comparison of Female, Gall and Male Flower Development with Microscopic and Molecular Tecniques in Dioecious Ficus carica L. PhD, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.[9] Flaishman, M. A., Rodov, V., Stover, E. (2008). The fig: botany, horticulture, and breeding. Horticultural Rev-Westport Then N Y. 34, 113.[10] Stover, E., Aradhya, M., Ferguson, L., Crisosto, C. H. (2007). The fig: overview of an ancient fruit. Hortscience 42, 1083–1087.[11] Ramirez, W. (1977). A new classification of ficus. Annals of the missouri botanical garden 64, 296-310.[12] Rosianski, Y., Freiman, Z. E., Cochavi, S. M., Yablovitz, Z., Kerem, Z. and Flaishman, M. A. (2016). Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig (Ficus carica L.). Sci Hortic 198, 98–106.[13] Freiman, Z. E., Rosianskey, Y., Dasmohapatra, R., Kamara, I., Flaishman, M. A. (2015). The ambiguous ripening nature of the fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit : a gene expression study of potential ripening regulators and ethylene-related genes. J Exp Bot 66, 3309–3324.[14] Yu, D. W. (2001). Parasites of mutualisms. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72, 529–546.[15] Herre, E. A. (1999). In Laws Govering Species Interactions? Encouragement and Caution from Figs and their Associates. (Keller L ed) pp,209–237, Princeton University Press. [16] Ware, A. B., Compton, S. G. (1994). Responses of fig wasps to host plant volatile cues. Journal of Chemical. Ecology 20, 785-802.[17] Bronstein, J. L. (1988a). Mutualism, antagonism, and the fig-pollinator interaction. Ecology 69, 1298-1302.[18] McKey, D. (1989). Population biology of figs: Applieations for conservation. Experientia 45, Birkh/iuser Verlag, CH-4010 Basel/Switzerland.[19] Bronstein, J L (1988b). Predators of fig wasps. Biotropica 20, 215-219.[20] Verkerke, W. (1989). Structure and function of the fig. Experientia (Basel) 45, 612-622.[21] Sutton, T. L., DeGabriel, J. L., Riegler, M., Cook, J. M. (2017). Local coexistence and genetic isolation of three pollinator species on thesame fig tree species. Heredity 118, 486–490.[22] Shuker, D. M., Simmons, L. W. (2014). The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.[23] Wang, B., Geng, X. Z., Ma, L. B., Cook, J. M., Wang, R. W. (2014). A trophic cascade induced by predatory ants in a fig–fig wasp mutualism. Journal of Animal Ecology 83, 1149–1157.[24] Galil, J., Eisikovitch, D. (1974). Further studies on pollination ecology in Ficus sycomorus L. Pocket filling and emptying by ceratosolen arabicus magr. New phytologist 73, 515-528.[25] Janzen, D. H. (1979b). How many babies do figs pay for babies?. Biotropica 11, 48-50.[26] Patel, A., McKey, D. (1998). Sexual specialization in two tropical dioecious figs. Oecologia 115, 391–400. [27] Kjellberg, L. F., Gouyon, P. H., Ibrahim, M., Raymond, M., Valdeyron, G. (1987). "The Stability of the Symbiosis between Dioecious Figs and Their Pollinators: A Study of Ficus carica L and Blastophaga psenes". Evolution 41(4), 693–704. [28] Cox, P. A. (1981). Niche partitioning between sexes of dioecious plants. Am. Nat. 117, 295-307.
Year 2019,
Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 179 - 187, 30.06.2019
Abstract
References
- [1] Monselise, S. P., Figue, Fr., Feige, Ger., Fico, It ., Higo, Sp., Julian, C. C. (2018). Handbook of Fruit Set and Development, Chapter Fig ,Pages 14.[2] Datwyler, S.L., Weiblen, G. D. (2004). On the origin of the fig: phylogenetic relationships of Moraceae from ndhF sequences. Am J Bot, 91, 767–777. [3] Corner, E. J. H. (1962). The classification of Moraceae. Gard. Bull. Straits Settle- ment 19:187-252.[4] Janzen, D. H. (1979a). How to be a Fig. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 13-51. [5] Ji, L., Zhe, W., Li, C., Tinglin, Z., Qinwei, G., Jian X., Li, J., Qunfeng, L., Sanwen, H., Zhengguo, L. (2014). Transcriptome comparison of global distinctive features between pollination and parthenocarpic fruit set reveals transcriptional phytohormone cross-talk in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Plant Cell Physiol 55(7), 1325.[6] FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2006). FAOSTAT agricultural data. [7] Berg, C. C. (2003). Flora Malesiana precursor for the treatment of Moraceaea 1: The main subdivision of Ficus: the subgenera. Blumea 48, 167-178.[8] Aytürk, Ö. (2016). Comparison of Female, Gall and Male Flower Development with Microscopic and Molecular Tecniques in Dioecious Ficus carica L. PhD, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.[9] Flaishman, M. A., Rodov, V., Stover, E. (2008). The fig: botany, horticulture, and breeding. Horticultural Rev-Westport Then N Y. 34, 113.[10] Stover, E., Aradhya, M., Ferguson, L., Crisosto, C. H. (2007). The fig: overview of an ancient fruit. Hortscience 42, 1083–1087.[11] Ramirez, W. (1977). A new classification of ficus. Annals of the missouri botanical garden 64, 296-310.[12] Rosianski, Y., Freiman, Z. E., Cochavi, S. M., Yablovitz, Z., Kerem, Z. and Flaishman, M. A. (2016). Advanced analysis of developmental and ripening characteristics of pollinated common-type fig (Ficus carica L.). Sci Hortic 198, 98–106.[13] Freiman, Z. E., Rosianskey, Y., Dasmohapatra, R., Kamara, I., Flaishman, M. A. (2015). The ambiguous ripening nature of the fig (Ficus carica L.) fruit : a gene expression study of potential ripening regulators and ethylene-related genes. J Exp Bot 66, 3309–3324.[14] Yu, D. W. (2001). Parasites of mutualisms. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 72, 529–546.[15] Herre, E. A. (1999). In Laws Govering Species Interactions? Encouragement and Caution from Figs and their Associates. (Keller L ed) pp,209–237, Princeton University Press. [16] Ware, A. B., Compton, S. G. (1994). Responses of fig wasps to host plant volatile cues. Journal of Chemical. Ecology 20, 785-802.[17] Bronstein, J. L. (1988a). Mutualism, antagonism, and the fig-pollinator interaction. Ecology 69, 1298-1302.[18] McKey, D. (1989). Population biology of figs: Applieations for conservation. Experientia 45, Birkh/iuser Verlag, CH-4010 Basel/Switzerland.[19] Bronstein, J L (1988b). Predators of fig wasps. Biotropica 20, 215-219.[20] Verkerke, W. (1989). Structure and function of the fig. Experientia (Basel) 45, 612-622.[21] Sutton, T. L., DeGabriel, J. L., Riegler, M., Cook, J. M. (2017). Local coexistence and genetic isolation of three pollinator species on thesame fig tree species. Heredity 118, 486–490.[22] Shuker, D. M., Simmons, L. W. (2014). The Evolution of Insect Mating Systems. Oxford University Press, Oxford, U.K.[23] Wang, B., Geng, X. Z., Ma, L. B., Cook, J. M., Wang, R. W. (2014). A trophic cascade induced by predatory ants in a fig–fig wasp mutualism. Journal of Animal Ecology 83, 1149–1157.[24] Galil, J., Eisikovitch, D. (1974). Further studies on pollination ecology in Ficus sycomorus L. Pocket filling and emptying by ceratosolen arabicus magr. New phytologist 73, 515-528.[25] Janzen, D. H. (1979b). How many babies do figs pay for babies?. Biotropica 11, 48-50.[26] Patel, A., McKey, D. (1998). Sexual specialization in two tropical dioecious figs. Oecologia 115, 391–400. [27] Kjellberg, L. F., Gouyon, P. H., Ibrahim, M., Raymond, M., Valdeyron, G. (1987). "The Stability of the Symbiosis between Dioecious Figs and Their Pollinators: A Study of Ficus carica L and Blastophaga psenes". Evolution 41(4), 693–704. [28] Cox, P. A. (1981). Niche partitioning between sexes of dioecious plants. Am. Nat. 117, 295-307.
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Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | June 30, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 31 Issue: 2 |