Research Article
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A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning

Year 2023, Volume: 35 Issue: 4, 523 - 530, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1343432

Abstract

Kompozit bağlantılar hafif, dayanıklı ve korozyona dirençli olmaları nedeniyle havacılık, askeri, otomotiv ve denizcilik gibi birçok sektörde kullanılmaktadır. Kompozit bağlantılar yapıştırıcı, perçin, cıvata, somun gibi elemanlar kullanılarak farklı yöntemler uygulanmak suretiyle yapılabilmektedir. Bir ürünün hafifliği göz önüne alındığında en çok tercih edilen bağlantı türü yapışkanlı bağlantılardır. Yapışkanlı kompozit bağlantılara sahip çoğu yapıda, enerji tüketimini azaltmak için ağırlıktan kaçınılır. Bu çalışmada, fiber takviyeli termoset plastikler yapıştırıcı olarak üretilmiş ve biri sünek, diğeri kırılgan özelliklere sahip iki farklı yapıştırıcı kullanılmıştır. Yapıştırıcıların ve yapıştırılanların mekanik etkisini araştırmak için yapıştırılmış tek bindirmeli bağlantılar üzerinde farklı konumlarda delikler açılmıştır. Tercih edilen numune malzemesi, vakum infüzyon yöntemi kullanılarak üretilen epoksi infüzyonlu cam elyaf laminattır. Çekme testleri delinmiş, yapışkanla yapıştırılmış bağlantılar üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Açılan deliklerin konumlarına bağlı olarak kuvvet-uzama eğrileri oluşturulmuş ve birbirleriyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Yapıştırılan bölgenin ortasında delik açılan numunelerin kırılma kuvvetinin, kenarda delik açılanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

Doğuş Üniversitesi

Project Number

2021-22-D1-B02

References

  • [1] El Zaroug, M, Kadioglu, F, Demiral, M, Saad, D., Experimental and numerical investigation into strength of bolted, bonded and hybrid single lap joints: Effects of adherend material type and thickness. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 87, 130–141 (2018).
  • [2] Yılmaz, Y, Çallıoğlu, H, Balbay, A., Investigation of quasi-static crushing and energy absorption behaviors of carbon nanotube reinforced glass fiber/epoxy and carbon fiber/epoxy composite tubular structures. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28, 1 81–90 (2022).
  • [3] Khashaba, U, A, Najjar, I, M, R., Adhesive layer analysis for scarf bonded joint in CFRE composites modified with MWCNTs under tensile and fatigue loads. Composite Structures, 184, 411–427 (2018).
  • [4] Günay, M, G., Torsion of variable stiffness composite laminated beams. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28, 1, 18–25 (2022).
  • [5] Shishesaz, M, Hosseini, M., A review on stress distribution, strength and failure of bolted composite joints. Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics, 49, 2 415–429 (2018).
  • [6] Khosravani, M, R, Soltani, P, Weinberg, K, Reinicke, T., Structural integrity of adhesively bonded 3D-printed joints. Polymer Testing, 100 107262 (2021).
  • [7] Arikan, V, Dogan, A, Dogan, T, Sabanci, E, Al-Shamary, A, K, J., Effects of Temperature and Hole Drilling on Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints. The Journal of Adhesion, 91, 3 177–185 (2015).
  • [8] Bouchikhi, A, S, Megueni, A, Gouasmi, S, Boukoulda, F, B., Effect of mixed adhesive joints and tapered plate on stresses in retrofitted beams bonded with a fiber-reinforced polymer plate. Materials and Design, 50 893–904 (2013).
  • [9] Kemiklioğlu, U, Okutan, B, B. Vibration effects on tensile properties of adhesively bonded single lap joints in composite materials. Polymer Composites, 40, 3 1258–1267 (2019).
  • [10] Demir, K, Gavgali, E, Fatih, A, Akpinar, S., The effects of nanostructure additive on fracture strength in adhesively bonded joints subjected to fully reversed four-point bending fatigue load. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 110 102943 (2021).
  • [11] Avinc, I, Akpinar, S, Akbulut, H, Ozel, A., Experimental analysis on the single-lap joints bonded by a nanocomposite adhesives which obtained by adding nanostructures. Composite Part B, 110 420–428 (2017).
  • [12] Heidarpour, F, Farahani, M, Ghabezi, P., Experimental investigation of the effects of adhesive defects on the single lap joint strength. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 80, 128–132, (2018).
  • [13] Ribeiro, F, M, F, Campilho, R, D, S, G, Carbas, R, J, C, Silva, L, F, M., Strength and damage growth in composite bonded joints with defects. Composites Part B, 100 91–100 (2016).
  • [14] De Moura, M, F, S, F, Daniaud, R, Magalhães, A, G., Simulation of mechanical behaviour of composite bonded joints containing strip defects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 26, 6 464–473 (2006).
  • [15] Tamborrino, R, Palumbo, D, Galietti, U, Aversa, P, Chiozzi, S, Luprano, V, A, M., Assessment of the effect of defects on mechanical properties of adhesive bonded joints by using non destructive methods. Composites Part B: Engineering, 91 337–345 (2016).
  • [16] Durodola, J, F., Functionally graded adhesive joints – A review and prospects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 76, 83–89 (2017).
  • [17] He, X., A review of finite element analysis of adhesively bonded joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31, 4 248–264 (2011).
  • [18] Li, J, Yan, Y, Zhang, T, Liang, Z., Experimental study of adhesively bonded CFRP joints subjected to tensile loads. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 57 95–104 (2015).
  • [19] Jairaja, R, Naik, G, N., Numerical studies on weak bond effects in single and dual adhesive bonded single lap joint between CFRP and aluminium. Materials Today: Proceedings, 21 1064–1068 (2020).
  • [20] Stein, N, Weißgraeber, P, Becker, W., A model for brittle failure in adhesive lap joints of arbitrary joint configuration. Composıte Structure, 133 707–718 (2015).
  • [21] Zhang, B, Allegri, G, Yasaee, M, Hallet,t S, R., Micro-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of Z-pins under Mixed-Mode Loading. Composıtes Part A, (2015).
  • [22] Koh, T, M, Feih, S, Mouritz, A, P., Experimental determination of the structural properties and strengthening mechanisms of z-pinned composite T-joints. Composite Structures, 93, 9 2222–2230 (2011).
  • [23] Chang, P, Mouritz, A, P, Cox, B, N., Properties and failure mechanisms of pinned composite lap joints in monotonic and cyclic tension. Composites Science and Technology, 66 2163–2176 (2006).
  • [24] Saleh, M, N, Saeedifar, M, Zarouchas, D, Freitas, S, T, De., Stress analysis of double-lap bi-material joints bonded with thick adhesive International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Stress analysis of double-lap bi-material joints bonded with thick adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 102480 (2019).
  • [25] Darla, V, Satish, Ben, B, Sai, Srinadh, K, Venkata, Rao, K., Evaluation of aluminum to composite bonded lap joints” High Performance Polymers, 34, 10 1152–1163 (2022).
  • [26] Bodjona, K, Lessard, L. Hybrid bonded-fastened joints and their application in composite structures: A general review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 35, 9 764–781 (2016).
  • [27] Chen, Y, Li, M, Yang, X, Luo, W., Damage and failure characteristics of CFRP/aluminum single lap joints designed for lightweight applications. Thin-Walled Structures, 153, 106802 (2020).
  • [28] Li, W, Guo, S, Giannopoulos, I, K, He, S, Liu, Y., Strength enhancement of bonded composite laminate joints reinforced by composite Pins. Composite Structures, 236, 111916 (2020).
  • [29] Xie, W, Luo, Z, Zhou, Y, Peng, W, Liu, Q., Experimental and numerical investigation on opposing plasma. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, (2022).
  • [30] Parkes, P, N, Butler, R, Meyer, J, de Oliveira, A., Static strength of metal-composite joints with penetrative reinforcement. Composite Structures, 118, 1 250–256 (2014).
  • [31] Graham, D, P, Rezai, A, Baker, D, Smith, P, A, Watts, J, F., The development and scalability of a high strength, damage tolerant, hybrid joining scheme for composite-metal structures. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 64 11–24 (2014).
  • [32] Katsivalis, I, Thomsen, O, T, Feih, S, Achintha, M., Strength evaluation and failure prediction of bolted and adhesive glass/steel joints. Glass Structures and Engineering, 3, 2 183–196 (2018).

A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning

Year 2023, Volume: 35 Issue: 4, 523 - 530, 31.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1343432

Abstract

Composite joints are used in many industries such as aerospace, army, automotive, and marine because of their light, durable and corrosion-resistant properties. Composite joints can be made by applying different methods using elements such as adhesives, rivets, bolts, and nuts. Considering the lightness of a product, the most preferred connection type is adhesive joints. In most structures with adhesively bonded composite joints, weight is avoided to reduce energy consumption. In this study, fiber-reinforced thermoset plastics were manufactured as adherend, and two different adhesives were used, one of them has ductile, and the other has brittle properties. Holes were drilled on adhesively bonded single lap joints at different locations to investigate the mechanical effect of adhesives and adherend. The preferred specimen material was epoxy-infused e-glass fiber laminate manufactured using the vacuum infusion method. Tensile tests were performed on drilled, adhesively bonded joints. The force-elongation curves were generated and compared to each other depending on the positions of the drilled holes. The failure force of the samples with holes drilled in the middle of the bonded area was observed to be higher than those with holes drilled at the edge.

Project Number

2021-22-D1-B02

References

  • [1] El Zaroug, M, Kadioglu, F, Demiral, M, Saad, D., Experimental and numerical investigation into strength of bolted, bonded and hybrid single lap joints: Effects of adherend material type and thickness. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 87, 130–141 (2018).
  • [2] Yılmaz, Y, Çallıoğlu, H, Balbay, A., Investigation of quasi-static crushing and energy absorption behaviors of carbon nanotube reinforced glass fiber/epoxy and carbon fiber/epoxy composite tubular structures. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28, 1 81–90 (2022).
  • [3] Khashaba, U, A, Najjar, I, M, R., Adhesive layer analysis for scarf bonded joint in CFRE composites modified with MWCNTs under tensile and fatigue loads. Composite Structures, 184, 411–427 (2018).
  • [4] Günay, M, G., Torsion of variable stiffness composite laminated beams. Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, 28, 1, 18–25 (2022).
  • [5] Shishesaz, M, Hosseini, M., A review on stress distribution, strength and failure of bolted composite joints. Journal of Computational Applied Mechanics, 49, 2 415–429 (2018).
  • [6] Khosravani, M, R, Soltani, P, Weinberg, K, Reinicke, T., Structural integrity of adhesively bonded 3D-printed joints. Polymer Testing, 100 107262 (2021).
  • [7] Arikan, V, Dogan, A, Dogan, T, Sabanci, E, Al-Shamary, A, K, J., Effects of Temperature and Hole Drilling on Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints. The Journal of Adhesion, 91, 3 177–185 (2015).
  • [8] Bouchikhi, A, S, Megueni, A, Gouasmi, S, Boukoulda, F, B., Effect of mixed adhesive joints and tapered plate on stresses in retrofitted beams bonded with a fiber-reinforced polymer plate. Materials and Design, 50 893–904 (2013).
  • [9] Kemiklioğlu, U, Okutan, B, B. Vibration effects on tensile properties of adhesively bonded single lap joints in composite materials. Polymer Composites, 40, 3 1258–1267 (2019).
  • [10] Demir, K, Gavgali, E, Fatih, A, Akpinar, S., The effects of nanostructure additive on fracture strength in adhesively bonded joints subjected to fully reversed four-point bending fatigue load. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 110 102943 (2021).
  • [11] Avinc, I, Akpinar, S, Akbulut, H, Ozel, A., Experimental analysis on the single-lap joints bonded by a nanocomposite adhesives which obtained by adding nanostructures. Composite Part B, 110 420–428 (2017).
  • [12] Heidarpour, F, Farahani, M, Ghabezi, P., Experimental investigation of the effects of adhesive defects on the single lap joint strength. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 80, 128–132, (2018).
  • [13] Ribeiro, F, M, F, Campilho, R, D, S, G, Carbas, R, J, C, Silva, L, F, M., Strength and damage growth in composite bonded joints with defects. Composites Part B, 100 91–100 (2016).
  • [14] De Moura, M, F, S, F, Daniaud, R, Magalhães, A, G., Simulation of mechanical behaviour of composite bonded joints containing strip defects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 26, 6 464–473 (2006).
  • [15] Tamborrino, R, Palumbo, D, Galietti, U, Aversa, P, Chiozzi, S, Luprano, V, A, M., Assessment of the effect of defects on mechanical properties of adhesive bonded joints by using non destructive methods. Composites Part B: Engineering, 91 337–345 (2016).
  • [16] Durodola, J, F., Functionally graded adhesive joints – A review and prospects. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 76, 83–89 (2017).
  • [17] He, X., A review of finite element analysis of adhesively bonded joints. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 31, 4 248–264 (2011).
  • [18] Li, J, Yan, Y, Zhang, T, Liang, Z., Experimental study of adhesively bonded CFRP joints subjected to tensile loads. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 57 95–104 (2015).
  • [19] Jairaja, R, Naik, G, N., Numerical studies on weak bond effects in single and dual adhesive bonded single lap joint between CFRP and aluminium. Materials Today: Proceedings, 21 1064–1068 (2020).
  • [20] Stein, N, Weißgraeber, P, Becker, W., A model for brittle failure in adhesive lap joints of arbitrary joint configuration. Composıte Structure, 133 707–718 (2015).
  • [21] Zhang, B, Allegri, G, Yasaee, M, Hallet,t S, R., Micro-Mechanical Finite Element Analysis of Z-pins under Mixed-Mode Loading. Composıtes Part A, (2015).
  • [22] Koh, T, M, Feih, S, Mouritz, A, P., Experimental determination of the structural properties and strengthening mechanisms of z-pinned composite T-joints. Composite Structures, 93, 9 2222–2230 (2011).
  • [23] Chang, P, Mouritz, A, P, Cox, B, N., Properties and failure mechanisms of pinned composite lap joints in monotonic and cyclic tension. Composites Science and Technology, 66 2163–2176 (2006).
  • [24] Saleh, M, N, Saeedifar, M, Zarouchas, D, Freitas, S, T, De., Stress analysis of double-lap bi-material joints bonded with thick adhesive International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives Stress analysis of double-lap bi-material joints bonded with thick adhesive. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, 102480 (2019).
  • [25] Darla, V, Satish, Ben, B, Sai, Srinadh, K, Venkata, Rao, K., Evaluation of aluminum to composite bonded lap joints” High Performance Polymers, 34, 10 1152–1163 (2022).
  • [26] Bodjona, K, Lessard, L. Hybrid bonded-fastened joints and their application in composite structures: A general review. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 35, 9 764–781 (2016).
  • [27] Chen, Y, Li, M, Yang, X, Luo, W., Damage and failure characteristics of CFRP/aluminum single lap joints designed for lightweight applications. Thin-Walled Structures, 153, 106802 (2020).
  • [28] Li, W, Guo, S, Giannopoulos, I, K, He, S, Liu, Y., Strength enhancement of bonded composite laminate joints reinforced by composite Pins. Composite Structures, 236, 111916 (2020).
  • [29] Xie, W, Luo, Z, Zhou, Y, Peng, W, Liu, Q., Experimental and numerical investigation on opposing plasma. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, (2022).
  • [30] Parkes, P, N, Butler, R, Meyer, J, de Oliveira, A., Static strength of metal-composite joints with penetrative reinforcement. Composite Structures, 118, 1 250–256 (2014).
  • [31] Graham, D, P, Rezai, A, Baker, D, Smith, P, A, Watts, J, F., The development and scalability of a high strength, damage tolerant, hybrid joining scheme for composite-metal structures. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 64 11–24 (2014).
  • [32] Katsivalis, I, Thomsen, O, T, Feih, S, Achintha, M., Strength evaluation and failure prediction of bolted and adhesive glass/steel joints. Glass Structures and Engineering, 3, 2 183–196 (2018).
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Engineering (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Sermet Demir 0000-0001-8363-0654

Uğur Kemiklioğlu 0000-0002-5597-1256

Project Number 2021-22-D1-B02
Early Pub Date December 29, 2023
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 35 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Demir, S., & Kemiklioğlu, U. (2023). A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, 35(4), 523-530. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1343432
AMA Demir S, Kemiklioğlu U. A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning. JEPS. December 2023;35(4):523-530. doi:10.7240/jeps.1343432
Chicago Demir, Sermet, and Uğur Kemiklioğlu. “A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 35, no. 4 (December 2023): 523-30. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1343432.
EndNote Demir S, Kemiklioğlu U (December 1, 2023) A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 35 4 523–530.
IEEE S. Demir and U. Kemiklioğlu, “A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning”, JEPS, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 523–530, 2023, doi: 10.7240/jeps.1343432.
ISNAD Demir, Sermet - Kemiklioğlu, Uğur. “A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences 35/4 (December 2023), 523-530. https://doi.org/10.7240/jeps.1343432.
JAMA Demir S, Kemiklioğlu U. A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning. JEPS. 2023;35:523–530.
MLA Demir, Sermet and Uğur Kemiklioğlu. “A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning”. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Pure Sciences, vol. 35, no. 4, 2023, pp. 523-30, doi:10.7240/jeps.1343432.
Vancouver Demir S, Kemiklioğlu U. A Comparison of Force Distribution Effects of Ductile and Brittle Adhesives at Different Hole Positioning. JEPS. 2023;35(4):523-30.