Electric field effect on the milk fouling resistances in shell and tube heat exchangers

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 24 - 30, 25.07.2025

Özlem Korkut Hanifi Saraç

Abstract

In the present study, the effect of both electric field and surface charge on thermal fouling resistance was investigated during the milk pasteurization process in a laboratory-scale shell and tube heat exchanger. Fouling resistances were calculated by the LMTD (Logarithmic Mean Temperature Differences) method. Foulant fluid was milk, and its flow rate was constant at 750.10-6 m3min-1 (Reynolds number = 214.37). Applied electric field strengths were 4000 V m-1, 8000 V m-1, and 12000 V m-1 between the shell side surface of the heat exchanger and a cable passed through the inside tubes of the heat exchanger. It was observed that fouling was reduced when a 4000 V m-1 electric field was applied to the positively charged heat exchanger surface. No major change in fouling resistance was observed for other applied electric field and surface charge conditions.

Keywords

Fouling, Electric field, Milk processing, Thermal resistances.

Supporting Institution

Heat Exchanger

Project Number

Aaturk University Project No: 2003/68

Thanks

The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Atatürk University’s Management Unit of Research Projects (Project No: 2003/68) of Turkey.

References

• Anema, S. G., & McKenna, A. B. (1996). Reaction kinetics of thermal denaturation of whey proteins in heated reconstituted whole milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 44(2), 422-428.
• Ayadi, M. A., Leuliet, J. C., Chopard, F., Berthou, M., & Lebouché, M. (2005). Experimental study of hydrodynamics in a flat ohmic cell -: impact on fouling by dairy products. Journal of Food Engineering, 70(4), 489-498.
• Beuf M., Rizzo G., Leuliet J.C.  Müller-Steinhagen, H., Yiantsios S., Karabelas A., & Benezech T. (2003). Fouling and cleaning of modified stainless steel plate heat exchangers processing milk products. 2003 ECI Conference on Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, 99-106
• Burton, H. (1968). Reviews of the progress of dairy science. J. Dairy Research, 35, 317-330.
• Changani, S. D., BelmarBeiny, M. T., & Fryer, P. J. (1997). Engineering and chemical factors associated with fouling and cleaning in milk processing. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 14(4), 392-406.
• Cho, Y. I., Choi, B. G., & Drazner, B. J. (1998). Electronic anti-fouling technology to mitigate precipitation fouling in plate-and-frame heat exchangers. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 41(17), 2565-2571.
• Gillham, C. R., Fryer, P. J., Hasting, A. P. M., & Wilson, D. I. (2000). Enhanced cleaning of whey protein soils using pulsed flows. Journal of Food Engineering, 46(3), 199-209.
• Grácia-Juliá, A., René, M., Cortés-Muñoz, M., Picart, L., López-Pedemonte, T., Chevalier, D., & Dumay, E. (2008). Effect of dynamic high pressure on whey protein aggregation:: A comparison with the effect of continuous short-time thermal treatments. Food Hydrocolloids, 22(6), 1014-1032.
• Huppertz, T., & Nieuwenhuijse, H. (2022). Constituent fouling during heat treatment of milk: A review. International Dairy Journal, 126.
• Incropera, F.P., & De Witt, D.P. (1996). Fundementals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 4th edition, Wiley, New York.
• Jeurnink, T., Verheul, M., Stuart, M. C., & deKruif, C. G. (1996a). Deposition of heated whey proteins on a chromium oxide surface. Colloids and Surfaces B-Biointerfaces, 6(4-5), 291-307.
• Jeurnink, T.J.M., Walstra P.  de Kruif, C.G. (1996b). Mechanisms of fouling in the dairy processing. Netherlands Milk & Dairy Journal, 50, 407-426.
• Karlsson, C. A. C., Wahlgren, M. C., & Tragardh, A. C. (1996). Beta-lactoglobulin fouling and its removal upon rinsing and by SDS as influenced by surface characteristics, temperature and adsorption time. Journal of Food Engineering, 30(1-2), 43-60.
• Korkut, O., Sarac, H., Atabek, B., & Lacin, O. (2003). Investigation of changes in fouling (occurred during milk pasteurization) resistance by alkaline-acidic cleaning solutions. Milchwissenschaft-Milk Science International, 58(7-8), 409-412.
• Lee, S. H., & Cho, Y. I. (2002). Study of the performance of physical water treatment with a solenoid coil to prevent mineral fouling. Part 1: Effect of a side-stream filtration. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 29(2), 145-156.
• McGuire, J. (1987). The influence of solid surface energetic on macromolecular adsorption from milk. PhD. Thesis, North Carolina State University