In this study, it was aimed to determine the effect of activities based on augmented reality applications in 9th grade biology lesson on students' achievement and motivation towards biology lesson and to get students' opinions about the applications. In the study, mixed method was used. The study group of the research consisted of students of two different classes at the 9th grade level of a private high school located in the city center of Karaman in the 2018-2019 academic year. When the research findings were examined, it was seen that the academic achievement post-test mean scores of the experimental group students were found to be significantly higher than the mean scores of the control group students. According to another finding of the study, there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the control group students in terms of the total mean scores obtained from the motivation questionnaire for biology lesson. However, a significant difference was found in favor of the experimental group in terms of "anxiety in exams" dimension. As a result of the research, the students stated that they liked the biology lessons in which augmented reality applications were carried out, that augmented reality applications made abstract concepts concrete and made them more permanent, and that the lessons conducted in this way were fun.
Abdüsselam, M. S. (2014). A study of art and craft teaching programs according to their function of generating "ındustrial design education" qualification for teacher candidates. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 4(1), 59–74. http://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2014.004
Abdüsselam, M. S., & Karal, H. (2012). Fizik öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik ortamlarının öğrenci akademik başarısı üzerine etkisi: 11. Sınıf manyetizma konusu örneği. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 170-181. http://jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/20a.abdusselam.pdf
Alınlı, C., & Yazıcı, F. (2020). The effect of augmented reality practices on students' academic achievement in grade 8th T.R. The history of revolution and Kemalism course and attitudes of students towards augmented reality practice. International Journal of Turkish Educational Studies, 8(15), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.780344
Andersen, P. (2007). What is Web 2.0?: ideas, technologies and implications for education (Vol. 1). JISC Bristol.
Arıcı, V. A. (2013). A study on 3d-virtual reality in science education programs: “Solar system and beyond: Space puzzle” Unit sample (Unpublished master’s thesis). Adnan Menderes University.
Augment. (2014). http://augmentedev.com/
Avcı, A. F., & Taşdemir, Ş. (2019). Periodic table teaching with augmented and virtual reality. Journal of Selcuk-Technic, 18(2), 68-83. http://sutod.selcuk.edu.tr/sutod/article/view/468
Azuma, R. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355- 385. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355
Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(6), 34–47. http://doi.org/10.1109/38.963459
Bacca, J., Baldiris, S., Fabregat, R., & Graf, S. (2014). Augmented reality trends in education: a systematic review of research and applications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 133. https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/handle/10256/17763/AugmentedRealityByNcNd.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2014). Research in education (10th Edt.). Pearson.
Bilgiç, H. G., Duman, D., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2011). The characteristics of digital natives’ and their effects of on the design of online environments. Academic Informatics, 2(4), 1-7.
Bressler, D. M. ve Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12008
Bronack, S. C. (2011), The role of immersive media in online education. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 59(2), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2011.583186
Buluş Kırıkkaya, E., & Şentürk, M. (2018). The impact of using augmented reality technology in the solar system and beyond unit on the academic achievement of the students. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(1), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.375861
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006). Manual of data analysis for social sciences [Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Cabero, J., & Barroso, J. (2016). The educational possibilities of augmented reality. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 5(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.1.140
Cai, S., Wang, X., & Chiang, F.-K. (2014), A case study of augmented reality simulation system application in a chemistry course. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.018
Chen, C., & Wang, C.-H. (2015). Employing augmented-reality-embedded instruction to disperse the imparities of individual differences in earth science learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 835–847. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10956-015-9567-3.pdf
Cheng, K.-H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: Suggestions for future research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9.pdf
Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An augmented reality-based mobile learning system to improve students’ learning achievements and motivations in natural science inquiry activities. Educational Technology and Society, 17(4), 352–365. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/jeductechsoci.17.4.352
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th edt.). Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th edt.). Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd Edt.). Sage Publications.
Dede, Y., & Yaman, S. (2008). Fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(1), 19–37. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/balikesirnef/issue/3366/46483
Demirel, Ö. (2008). Curriculum development in education (11th edt.). [Eğitimde program geliştirme]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system on students' motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002
Ekici, G. (2009). Adaptation of the biology motivation questionnaire to Turkish. Çağdaş Eğitim Dergisi, 34(365), 6-15. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/biyoloji-dersi-motivasyon-anketi-toad.pdf
Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G., & Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347–378. https://10.1007/s11412-012-9150-3
Eroğlu, B. (2018). Evaluation of teaching astronomy concept with augmented reality application for secondary student (Unpublished master’s tehesis) Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID: 494395
Ersoy, H., Duman, E., & Öncü, S. (2016). Artırılmış gerçeklik ile motivasyon ve başarı: Deneysel bir çalışma. Journal of Instructional Technologies and Teacher Education, 5 (1), 39-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jitte/issue/25089/264804
Feiner, S. (2002), Augmented reality: A new way of seeing. Scientific American, 286(4), 48–55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26059641
Fidan, M., & Tuncel, M. (2018, October). Ortaokul fen eğitimine yönelik artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının tasarımı. Paper presented at the meeting of The 6th International Congress on Curriculum and Instruction, Kars, Turkey. https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/egitimYeni/file/epokkongresi.pdf
Furió, D., Juan, M.-C., Segui, I., & Vivó, R. (2015). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom lessons: a comparative study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12071
Girgin, S. (2018). The effect of augmented reality technology on the academic success of science course. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(30) 4283-4290. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Soenmez-Girgin/publication/330323405
Glesne, C. (2016). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (5th edt.). Pearson.
Glynn, S. M., & Koballa, T. R. Jr. (2006). Motivation to learn in college science. In J. Mintzes and W. H. Leonard (Eds). Handbook of college science teaching (pp. 25-32). Arlington, VA: National Science Teachers Association Pres.
Glynn, S. M., Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2007). Nonscience major learning science; a theoretical model of motivational. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 44, 1088-1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20181
Glynn, S. M, Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2009). Science motivation questionnaire: Construct validation with nonscience major. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20267
Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry. Jossey-Bass.
Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now? Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09336671
Gümüş, K., & Boydaş, O. (2021). Examining the place of augmented reality applications in education. The Journal of International Social Research, 14(76), 321-330. https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=01f2e2c4-ba5e-4d54-ab1d-8953e89861c7%40redis
Gün, E. T., & Atasoy, B. (2017). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının ilköğretim öğrencilerinin uzamsal yeteneklerine ve akademik başarılarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(191), 31-51.
Hayes, P., Joyce, D., & Pathak, P. (2004). Ubiquitous learning - an application of mobile technology in education. In L. Cantoni & C. McLoughlin (Eds.), Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2004--World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (pp. 1811-1816). Lugano, Switzerland: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). m https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/12724/.
Hsiao, K.-F., Chen, N.-S., & Huang, S.-Y. (2012). Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adoles cents. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(4), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2010.486682
Huang, T-C., Chen, C.-C., & Chou, Y.-W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education, 96, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
Hwang, G.-J., Wu, P.-H., Chen, C.-C., & Tu, N.-T. (2016). Effects of an augmented reality-based educational game on students’ learning achievements and attitudes in real-world observations. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(8), 1895–1906. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2015.1057747
Ibáñez, M. B., Di Serio, A., Villarán, D., & Kloos, C. D. (2014). Experimenting with electromagnetism using augmented reality: Impact on flow student experience and educational effectiveness. Computers & Education, 71, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.004
İçten, T., & Bal, G. (2017). Review of recent developments and applications in augmented reality. Gazi University Journal of Science, 5(2), 111-136. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/840617
İzgi Onbaşılı, Ü. (2018). The effect of augmented reality practices on the attitudes of primary school students towards augmented reality practices and science motivation. Ege Journal of Education, 19(1), 320-337. https://doi.org 10.12984/egeefd.390018
Ivanova, M., & Ivanov, G. (2011). Enhancement of learning and teaching in computer graphics through marker augmented reality technology. International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications, 1(1), 176-184. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Malinka-Ivanova/publication/230772782
İbili, E. (2013). Development, implementation and assessment of the effect augmented reality on geometry teaching materials for geometry classes (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University. Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID: 349085
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. https://cdc.qc.ca/pdf/2014-Horizon-Report-creative-commons-copy.pdf
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., & Hall, C. (2016). NMC Horizon Report: 2016 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/171478/
Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S., & Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers ve Education, 68, 545–556. http://doi.or g/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018
Kapil, Y., & Roy, A. (2014). A critical evaluation of generation Z at workplaces. International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 2(1), 10-14. https://ijournals.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IJOURNAL_CAMERA_READY.pdf
Kaufmann, H. (2003, February). Collaborative augmented reality in education. Paper presented at the meeting of the IMAGINA. Monte Carlo, Monaco. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hannes_Kaufmann/publication/2555518_Collaborative_Augmented_Reality_in_Education/links/0912f508031dc45254000000/Collaborative-Augmented-Reality-in-Education.pdf
Kaya A, Bozaslan H, & Genç G. The effect of university students' parental attitudes on their problem solving skills, social anxiety levels and academic achievement. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty, 18, 208-225. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/zgefd/issue/47947/606639
Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S. ve Woolard, A. (2006). Making it real: exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10(3–4), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-006-0036-4
Kırıkkaya, E. B., & Şentürk, M. (2018). Güneş sistemi ve ötesi ünitesinde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisi kullanılmasının öğrenci akademik başarısına etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(1), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.375861
Klopfer, E., & Squire, K. (2008), Environmental detectives: the development of an augmented reality platform for environmental simulations. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(2), 203–228. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11423-007-9037-6.pdf
Kozma, R., & Anderson, R. (2002). Qualitative case studies of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18(4), 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2002.00250.doc.x
Küçük, S., Yılmaz, R. M., Baydaş, Ö., & Göktaş, Y. (2014). Ortaokullarda artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları tutum ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 383-392. http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/3590
Lee, K. (2012). Augmented reality in education and training. TechTrends, 56(2), 13-21. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11528-012-0559-3.pdf
Lin, T.-J., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers & Education, 68, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.05.011
Matcha, W., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). Exploratory study on collaborative interaction through the use of augmented reality in science learning. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.018
Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. (2nd edt.). Sage Publications.
Núñez, M., Quirós, R., Núñez, I., Carda, J. B., Camahort, E., & Mauri, J. L., (2008, July). Collaborative augmented reality for inorganic che mistry education. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Conference of Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering, WSEAS. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ricardo-Quiros/publication/234777537_Collaborative_augmented_reality_for_inorganic_chemistry_education/links/02e7e51836a411d74f000000/Collaborative-augmented-reality-for-inorganic-chemistry-education.pdf
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (2005). Is it age or IT: First steps toward understanding the net generation. Educating the Net Generation, 2(1–2), 20. https://studentconduct.tamucc.edu/assets/IsItAge.pdf
O’Brien, H. L. & Toms, E. G. (2005, November). Engagement as process in computer mediated environments. Poster presented at ASIS&T, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Özbek, F., & Ak, Ş. (2020). The augmented reality in 4th grade Turkish lesson: Effect on achievement and motivation. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(4), 1668-1679. http://doi.org/ 10.24106/kefdergi.4003
Özdemir, D., & Özçekır, B. (2019). An analysis of the effects of augmented reality activities in teaching fractions on 5th grade students’ math achievement and attitudes. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 21-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.495731
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd edt.). Sage Publications.
Perez-Lopez, D., & Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 12(4), 19–28. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1018026.pdf
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. https://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
Rosenbaum, E., Klopfer, E., & Perry, J. (2006). On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 31–45. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
Sarıkaya, S., & Gemalmaz, A. (2021). Factors affecting test anxiety. Jour Turk Fam Phy, 12(2), 99-107. https://10.15511/tjtfp.21.00297.
Seferoğlu, S. S. (2006). Instructional technologies and material design [Öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Sırakaya, M. (2015). Effects of augmented reality applications on students' achievement, misconceptions and course engagement (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID 419423
Singhal, S., Bagga, S., Goyal, P., & Saxena, V. (2012). Augmented chemistry: Interactive education system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 49(15), 1–5. https//doi.org/10.5120/7700-1041
Shelton, B. E., & Hedley, N. R. (2002, September). Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. Paper presented at the meeting of the IEEE International Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany.
Shelton, B. E., & Stevens, R. (2004, June). Using coordination classes to interpret conceptual change in astronomical thinking. Paper presented at the meeting of the 6th International Conference for the Learning Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, Mahweh, NJ. https://doi.dx.org/10.22318/icls2004.634
Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., Russell, J. D., & Mims, C. (2019). Instructional technology and media for learning (12th edt.). Pearson.
Solak, E., & Cakir, R. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Materials Designed with Augmented Reality on Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 12(2), 50–72. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1068381.pdf
Somyürek, S. (2014). Gaining the attention of generation z in learning process: augmented reality. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 4(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.88319
Sönmez, V., Alacapınar, F. (2011). Illustrated scientific research methods [Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri]. Anı Publishing.
Squire, K. D., & Jan, M. (2007). Mad city mystery: Developing scientific argumentation skills with a place-based augmented reality game on handheld computers. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 5–29. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9037-z
Squire, K. D., Jan, M., Matthews, J., Wagler, M., Martin, J., & Devane, B. (2008). Wherever you go, there you are: Pace-based augmented reality games for learning. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=C82FB26748C7B6A2B0709358AB08AD7B?doi=10.1.1.173.821andrep=rep1andtype=pdf
Tian, K., Endo, M., Urata, M., Mouri, K. ve Yasuda, T. (2014). Multi-viewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396–400. http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2014.V6.897
Timur, B., & Özdemir, M. (2018). Teachers’ views on the use of augmented reality environments in science education. International Journal of Turkish Education Sciences, 6(10), 62-75. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fmgted/issue/61510/882023
Tuan, H.-L., Chin, C.-C., Shiehh, S.-H. (2011). The development of a questionnaire to measure students' motivation towards science learning. International Journal of Science Education, 27(6), 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069042000323737
Uluyol, Ç. ve Eryılmaz, S. (2014). Examining pre-service teachers’ opinions regarding to augmented reality learning. Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education Journal, 34(3), 403-413. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/77514
Ültay, N., & Ültay, E. (2020). A comparative investigation of the views of pre-school teachers and teacher candidates about STEM. Journal of Science Learning, 3(2), 67-78. https://doi.org/ 10.17509/jsl.v3i2.20796
Vilkoniene, M. (2009). Influence of augmented reality technology upon pupils’ knowledge about human digestive system: The results of the experiment. Online Submission, 6(1), 36–43. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503889.pdf
Walczak, K., Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2006, November). Dynamic interactive VR network services for education. Paper presented at the meeting of the ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180552
Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 5- 23. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02504682.pdf
Wang, X., Kim, M. J., Love, P. E., & Kang, S. C. (2013). Augmented reality in built environment: classification and implications for future research. Automation in Construction, 32, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.021
Wang, H.-Y., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Lin, T.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2014). An investigation of university students’ collaborative inquiry learning behaviors in an augmented reality simulation and a traditional simulation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 23(5), 682–691. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-014-9494-8
Waterman, A. S. (2005). When effort is enjoyed: Two studies of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motivation and Emotion, 29(3), 165–188. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11031-005-9440-4.pdf
Watson, D. M. (2001). Pedagogy before technology: Re-thinking the relationship between ICT and teaching. Education and Information Technologies, 6(4), 251-266. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1012976702296.pdf
Wei, X., Weng, D., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2015). Teaching based on augmented reality for a technical creative design course. Computers & Education, 81, 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.017
Winkler T., Kritzenberge H., & Herczeg, M. (2002, June). Mixed reality environments as collabrative and constructive learning spaces for elementary school children. Paper presented at the meeting of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, Colorado.
Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers and Education, 68, 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
Wolters, C. A., & Rosenthal, H. (2000). The relation between students’ motivational beliefs and their use of motivational regulation strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(7), 801–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(00)00051-3
Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers and Education, 62, 41–49. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H., & Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: Students’ science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.322
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences [Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri] (117h edt.). Seçkin Publishing.
Yoon, S. A., Elinich, K., Wang, J. Steinmeier, C., & Tucker, S. (2012). Using augmented reality and knowledge-building scaffolds to improve learning in a science museum. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(4), 519-541. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11412-012-9156-x
Zhang, J., Sung, Y.-T., Hou, H.-T. ve Chang, K.-E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality-based armillary sphe re for astronomical observation instruction. Computers and Education, 73, 178–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.00
Zhu, W., Owen, C., Li, H. & Lee, J.-H. (2004), Personalized in-store e-commerce with PromoPad: an augmented reality shopping assistant. Electronic Journal for E-commerce Tools and Applications, 1(3), 1-19. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.83.8198&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Abdüsselam, M. S. (2014). A study of art and craft teaching programs according to their function of generating "ındustrial design education" qualification for teacher candidates. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 4(1), 59–74. http://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2014.004
Abdüsselam, M. S., & Karal, H. (2012). Fizik öğretiminde artırılmış gerçeklik ortamlarının öğrenci akademik başarısı üzerine etkisi: 11. Sınıf manyetizma konusu örneği. Eğitim ve Öğretim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(4), 170-181. http://jret.org/FileUpload/ks281142/File/20a.abdusselam.pdf
Alınlı, C., & Yazıcı, F. (2020). The effect of augmented reality practices on students' academic achievement in grade 8th T.R. The history of revolution and Kemalism course and attitudes of students towards augmented reality practice. International Journal of Turkish Educational Studies, 8(15), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.46778/goputeb.780344
Andersen, P. (2007). What is Web 2.0?: ideas, technologies and implications for education (Vol. 1). JISC Bristol.
Arıcı, V. A. (2013). A study on 3d-virtual reality in science education programs: “Solar system and beyond: Space puzzle” Unit sample (Unpublished master’s thesis). Adnan Menderes University.
Augment. (2014). http://augmentedev.com/
Avcı, A. F., & Taşdemir, Ş. (2019). Periodic table teaching with augmented and virtual reality. Journal of Selcuk-Technic, 18(2), 68-83. http://sutod.selcuk.edu.tr/sutod/article/view/468
Azuma, R. (1997). A survey of augmented reality. Presence-Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 6(4), 355- 385. https://doi.org/10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355
Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 21(6), 34–47. http://doi.org/10.1109/38.963459
Bacca, J., Baldiris, S., Fabregat, R., & Graf, S. (2014). Augmented reality trends in education: a systematic review of research and applications. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 17(4), 133. https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/handle/10256/17763/AugmentedRealityByNcNd.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2014). Research in education (10th Edt.). Pearson.
Bilgiç, H. G., Duman, D., & Seferoğlu, S. S. (2011). The characteristics of digital natives’ and their effects of on the design of online environments. Academic Informatics, 2(4), 1-7.
Bressler, D. M. ve Bodzin, A. M. (2013). A mixed methods assessment of students’ flow experiences during a mobile augmented reality science game. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 29(6), 505–517. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12008
Bronack, S. C. (2011), The role of immersive media in online education. Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 59(2), 113–117. https://doi.org/10.1080/07377363.2011.583186
Buluş Kırıkkaya, E., & Şentürk, M. (2018). The impact of using augmented reality technology in the solar system and beyond unit on the academic achievement of the students. Kastamonu Education Journal, 26(1), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.375861
Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2006). Manual of data analysis for social sciences [Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Cabero, J., & Barroso, J. (2016). The educational possibilities of augmented reality. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 5(1), 44-50. https://doi.org/10.7821/naer.2016.1.140
Cai, S., Wang, X., & Chiang, F.-K. (2014), A case study of augmented reality simulation system application in a chemistry course. Computers in Human Behavior, 37, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.04.018
Chen, C., & Wang, C.-H. (2015). Employing augmented-reality-embedded instruction to disperse the imparities of individual differences in earth science learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(6), 835–847. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10956-015-9567-3.pdf
Cheng, K.-H., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). Affordances of augmented reality in science learning: Suggestions for future research. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 22(4), 449–462. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10956-012-9405-9.pdf
Chiang, T. H. C., Yang, S. J. H., & Hwang, G.-J. (2014). An augmented reality-based mobile learning system to improve students’ learning achievements and motivations in natural science inquiry activities. Educational Technology and Society, 17(4), 352–365. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/jeductechsoci.17.4.352
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th edt.). Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th edt.). Sage Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (2nd Edt.). Sage Publications.
Dede, Y., & Yaman, S. (2008). Fen öğrenmeye yönelik motivasyon ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Necatibey Eğitim Fakültesi Elektronik Fen ve Matematik Eğitimi Dergisi, 2(1), 19–37. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/balikesirnef/issue/3366/46483
Demirel, Ö. (2008). Curriculum development in education (11th edt.). [Eğitimde program geliştirme]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Di Serio, Á., Ibáñez, M. B., & Kloos, C. D. (2013). Impact of an augmented reality system on students' motivation for a visual art course. Computers & Education, 68, 586-596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.03.002
Ekici, G. (2009). Adaptation of the biology motivation questionnaire to Turkish. Çağdaş Eğitim Dergisi, 34(365), 6-15. https://toad.halileksi.net/sites/default/files/pdf/biyoloji-dersi-motivasyon-anketi-toad.pdf
Enyedy, N., Danish, J. A., Delacruz, G., & Kumar, M. (2012). Learning physics through play in an augmented reality environment. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(3), 347–378. https://10.1007/s11412-012-9150-3
Eroğlu, B. (2018). Evaluation of teaching astronomy concept with augmented reality application for secondary student (Unpublished master’s tehesis) Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID: 494395
Ersoy, H., Duman, E., & Öncü, S. (2016). Artırılmış gerçeklik ile motivasyon ve başarı: Deneysel bir çalışma. Journal of Instructional Technologies and Teacher Education, 5 (1), 39-44. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/jitte/issue/25089/264804
Feiner, S. (2002), Augmented reality: A new way of seeing. Scientific American, 286(4), 48–55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26059641
Fidan, M., & Tuncel, M. (2018, October). Ortaokul fen eğitimine yönelik artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının tasarımı. Paper presented at the meeting of The 6th International Congress on Curriculum and Instruction, Kars, Turkey. https://www.kafkas.edu.tr/dosyalar/egitimYeni/file/epokkongresi.pdf
Furió, D., Juan, M.-C., Segui, I., & Vivó, R. (2015). Mobile learning vs. traditional classroom lessons: a comparative study. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 31(3), 189–201. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12071
Girgin, S. (2018). The effect of augmented reality technology on the academic success of science course. Journal of Social And Humanities Sciences Research (JSHSR), 5(30) 4283-4290. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Soenmez-Girgin/publication/330323405
Glesne, C. (2016). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (5th edt.). Pearson.
Glynn, S. M., & Koballa, T. R. Jr. (2006). Motivation to learn in college science. In J. Mintzes and W. H. Leonard (Eds). Handbook of college science teaching (pp. 25-32). Arlington, VA: National Science Teachers Association Pres.
Glynn, S. M., Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2007). Nonscience major learning science; a theoretical model of motivational. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 44, 1088-1107. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20181
Glynn, S. M, Taasoobshirazi, G., & Brickman, P. (2009). Science motivation questionnaire: Construct validation with nonscience major. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 46(2), 127-146. https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.20267
Greene, J. C. (2007). Mixed methods in social inquiry. Jossey-Bass.
Greenhow, C., Robelia, B., & Hughes, J. E. (2009). Learning, teaching, and scholarship in a digital age: Web 2.0 and classroom research: What path should we take now? Educational Researcher, 38(4), 246-259. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X09336671
Gümüş, K., & Boydaş, O. (2021). Examining the place of augmented reality applications in education. The Journal of International Social Research, 14(76), 321-330. https://eds.s.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=01f2e2c4-ba5e-4d54-ab1d-8953e89861c7%40redis
Gün, E. T., & Atasoy, B. (2017). Artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamalarının ilköğretim öğrencilerinin uzamsal yeteneklerine ve akademik başarılarına etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 42(191), 31-51.
Hayes, P., Joyce, D., & Pathak, P. (2004). Ubiquitous learning - an application of mobile technology in education. In L. Cantoni & C. McLoughlin (Eds.), Proceedings of ED-MEDIA 2004--World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications (pp. 1811-1816). Lugano, Switzerland: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). m https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/12724/.
Hsiao, K.-F., Chen, N.-S., & Huang, S.-Y. (2012). Learning while exercising for science education in augmented reality among adoles cents. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(4), 331–349. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2010.486682
Huang, T-C., Chen, C.-C., & Chou, Y.-W. (2016). Animating eco-education: To see, feel, and discover in an augmented reality-based experiential learning environment. Computers & Education, 96, 72-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.008
Hwang, G.-J., Wu, P.-H., Chen, C.-C., & Tu, N.-T. (2016). Effects of an augmented reality-based educational game on students’ learning achievements and attitudes in real-world observations. Interactive Learning Environments, 24(8), 1895–1906. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2015.1057747
Ibáñez, M. B., Di Serio, A., Villarán, D., & Kloos, C. D. (2014). Experimenting with electromagnetism using augmented reality: Impact on flow student experience and educational effectiveness. Computers & Education, 71, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.09.004
İçten, T., & Bal, G. (2017). Review of recent developments and applications in augmented reality. Gazi University Journal of Science, 5(2), 111-136. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/840617
İzgi Onbaşılı, Ü. (2018). The effect of augmented reality practices on the attitudes of primary school students towards augmented reality practices and science motivation. Ege Journal of Education, 19(1), 320-337. https://doi.org 10.12984/egeefd.390018
Ivanova, M., & Ivanov, G. (2011). Enhancement of learning and teaching in computer graphics through marker augmented reality technology. International Journal on New Computer Architectures and Their Applications, 1(1), 176-184. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Malinka-Ivanova/publication/230772782
İbili, E. (2013). Development, implementation and assessment of the effect augmented reality on geometry teaching materials for geometry classes (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University. Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID: 349085
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Estrada, V., & Freeman, A. (2014). NMC Horizon Report: 2014 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. https://cdc.qc.ca/pdf/2014-Horizon-Report-creative-commons-copy.pdf
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., & Hall, C. (2016). NMC Horizon Report: 2016 Higher Education Edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/171478/
Kamarainen, A. M., Metcalf, S., Grotzer, T., Browne, A., Mazzuca, D., Tutwiler, M. S., & Dede, C. (2013). EcoMOBILE: Integrating augmented reality and probeware with environmental education field trips. Computers ve Education, 68, 545–556. http://doi.or g/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.018
Kapil, Y., & Roy, A. (2014). A critical evaluation of generation Z at workplaces. International Journal of Social Relevance & Concern, 2(1), 10-14. https://ijournals.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IJOURNAL_CAMERA_READY.pdf
Kaufmann, H. (2003, February). Collaborative augmented reality in education. Paper presented at the meeting of the IMAGINA. Monte Carlo, Monaco. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hannes_Kaufmann/publication/2555518_Collaborative_Augmented_Reality_in_Education/links/0912f508031dc45254000000/Collaborative-Augmented-Reality-in-Education.pdf
Kaya A, Bozaslan H, & Genç G. The effect of university students' parental attitudes on their problem solving skills, social anxiety levels and academic achievement. Dicle University Journal of Ziya Gökalp Education Faculty, 18, 208-225. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/zgefd/issue/47947/606639
Kerawalla, L., Luckin, R., Seljeflot, S. ve Woolard, A. (2006). Making it real: exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Reality, 10(3–4), 163–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-006-0036-4
Kırıkkaya, E. B., & Şentürk, M. (2018). Güneş sistemi ve ötesi ünitesinde artırılmış gerçeklik teknolojisi kullanılmasının öğrenci akademik başarısına etkisi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 26(1), 181-189. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.375861
Klopfer, E., & Squire, K. (2008), Environmental detectives: the development of an augmented reality platform for environmental simulations. Educational Technology Research and Development, 56(2), 203–228. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11423-007-9037-6.pdf
Kozma, R., & Anderson, R. (2002). Qualitative case studies of innovative pedagogical practices using ICT. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 18(4), 387-394. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0266-4909.2002.00250.doc.x
Küçük, S., Yılmaz, R. M., Baydaş, Ö., & Göktaş, Y. (2014). Ortaokullarda artırılmış gerçeklik uygulamaları tutum ölçeği: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 39(176), 383-392. http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/3590
Lee, K. (2012). Augmented reality in education and training. TechTrends, 56(2), 13-21. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11528-012-0559-3.pdf
Lin, T.-J., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Wang, H.-Y., & Tsai, C.-C. (2013). An investigation of learners’ collaborative knowledge construction performances and behavior patterns in an augmented reality simulation system. Computers & Education, 68, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.05.011
Matcha, W., & Rambli, D. R. A. (2013). Exploratory study on collaborative interaction through the use of augmented reality in science learning. Procedia Computer Science, 25, 144–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2013.11.018
Miles, M, B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. (2nd edt.). Sage Publications.
Núñez, M., Quirós, R., Núñez, I., Carda, J. B., Camahort, E., & Mauri, J. L., (2008, July). Collaborative augmented reality for inorganic che mistry education. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Conference of Mathematics and Computers in Science and Engineering, WSEAS. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ricardo-Quiros/publication/234777537_Collaborative_augmented_reality_for_inorganic_chemistry_education/links/02e7e51836a411d74f000000/Collaborative-augmented-reality-for-inorganic-chemistry-education.pdf
Oblinger, D., & Oblinger, J. (2005). Is it age or IT: First steps toward understanding the net generation. Educating the Net Generation, 2(1–2), 20. https://studentconduct.tamucc.edu/assets/IsItAge.pdf
O’Brien, H. L. & Toms, E. G. (2005, November). Engagement as process in computer mediated environments. Poster presented at ASIS&T, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Özbek, F., & Ak, Ş. (2020). The augmented reality in 4th grade Turkish lesson: Effect on achievement and motivation. Kastamonu Education Journal, 28(4), 1668-1679. http://doi.org/ 10.24106/kefdergi.4003
Özdemir, D., & Özçekır, B. (2019). An analysis of the effects of augmented reality activities in teaching fractions on 5th grade students’ math achievement and attitudes. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 21-41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.495731
Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd edt.). Sage Publications.
Perez-Lopez, D., & Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology - TOJET, 12(4), 19–28. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1018026.pdf
Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants part 1. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. https://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20-%20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20-%20Part1.pdf
Rosenbaum, E., Klopfer, E., & Perry, J. (2006). On location learning: Authentic applied science with networked augmented realities. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 31–45. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9036-0
Sarıkaya, S., & Gemalmaz, A. (2021). Factors affecting test anxiety. Jour Turk Fam Phy, 12(2), 99-107. https://10.15511/tjtfp.21.00297.
Seferoğlu, S. S. (2006). Instructional technologies and material design [Öğretim teknolojileri ve materyal tasarımı]. Pegem Academy Publishing.
Sırakaya, M. (2015). Effects of augmented reality applications on students' achievement, misconceptions and course engagement (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gazi University, Ankara. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp ID 419423
Singhal, S., Bagga, S., Goyal, P., & Saxena, V. (2012). Augmented chemistry: Interactive education system. International Journal of Computer Applications, 49(15), 1–5. https//doi.org/10.5120/7700-1041
Shelton, B. E., & Hedley, N. R. (2002, September). Using augmented reality for teaching earth-sun relationships to undergraduate geography students. Paper presented at the meeting of the IEEE International Workshop, Darmstadt, Germany.
Shelton, B. E., & Stevens, R. (2004, June). Using coordination classes to interpret conceptual change in astronomical thinking. Paper presented at the meeting of the 6th International Conference for the Learning Sciences. Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, Mahweh, NJ. https://doi.dx.org/10.22318/icls2004.634
Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L., Russell, J. D., & Mims, C. (2019). Instructional technology and media for learning (12th edt.). Pearson.
Solak, E., & Cakir, R. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Materials Designed with Augmented Reality on Language Learners’ Vocabulary Learning. Journal of Educators Online, 12(2), 50–72. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1068381.pdf
Somyürek, S. (2014). Gaining the attention of generation z in learning process: augmented reality. Educational Technology Theory and Practice, 4(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.17943/etku.88319
Sönmez, V., Alacapınar, F. (2011). Illustrated scientific research methods [Örneklendirilmiş bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri]. Anı Publishing.
Squire, K. D., & Jan, M. (2007). Mad city mystery: Developing scientific argumentation skills with a place-based augmented reality game on handheld computers. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(1), 5–29. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-006-9037-z
Squire, K. D., Jan, M., Matthews, J., Wagler, M., Martin, J., & Devane, B. (2008). Wherever you go, there you are: Pace-based augmented reality games for learning. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download;jsessionid=C82FB26748C7B6A2B0709358AB08AD7B?doi=10.1.1.173.821andrep=rep1andtype=pdf
Tian, K., Endo, M., Urata, M., Mouri, K. ve Yasuda, T. (2014). Multi-viewpoint smartphone AR-based learning system for astronomical observation. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 6(5), 396–400. http://doi.org/10.7763/IJCTE.2014.V6.897
Timur, B., & Özdemir, M. (2018). Teachers’ views on the use of augmented reality environments in science education. International Journal of Turkish Education Sciences, 6(10), 62-75. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/fmgted/issue/61510/882023
Tuan, H.-L., Chin, C.-C., Shiehh, S.-H. (2011). The development of a questionnaire to measure students' motivation towards science learning. International Journal of Science Education, 27(6), 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069042000323737
Uluyol, Ç. ve Eryılmaz, S. (2014). Examining pre-service teachers’ opinions regarding to augmented reality learning. Gazi University Gazi Faculty of Education Journal, 34(3), 403-413. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/77514
Ültay, N., & Ültay, E. (2020). A comparative investigation of the views of pre-school teachers and teacher candidates about STEM. Journal of Science Learning, 3(2), 67-78. https://doi.org/ 10.17509/jsl.v3i2.20796
Vilkoniene, M. (2009). Influence of augmented reality technology upon pupils’ knowledge about human digestive system: The results of the experiment. Online Submission, 6(1), 36–43. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED503889.pdf
Walczak, K., Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2006, November). Dynamic interactive VR network services for education. Paper presented at the meeting of the ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology. https://doi.org/10.1145/1180495.1180552
Wang, F., & Hannafin, M. J. (2005). Design-based research and technology-enhanced learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 53(4), 5- 23. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/BF02504682.pdf
Wang, X., Kim, M. J., Love, P. E., & Kang, S. C. (2013). Augmented reality in built environment: classification and implications for future research. Automation in Construction, 32, 1-13 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.021
Wang, H.-Y., Duh, H. B.-L., Li, N., Lin, T.-J., & Tsai, C.-C. (2014). An investigation of university students’ collaborative inquiry learning behaviors in an augmented reality simulation and a traditional simulation. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 23(5), 682–691. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-014-9494-8
Waterman, A. S. (2005). When effort is enjoyed: Two studies of intrinsic motivation for personally salient activities. Motivation and Emotion, 29(3), 165–188. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11031-005-9440-4.pdf
Watson, D. M. (2001). Pedagogy before technology: Re-thinking the relationship between ICT and teaching. Education and Information Technologies, 6(4), 251-266. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023/A:1012976702296.pdf
Wei, X., Weng, D., Liu, Y., & Wang, Y. (2015). Teaching based on augmented reality for a technical creative design course. Computers & Education, 81, 221-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.10.017
Winkler T., Kritzenberge H., & Herczeg, M. (2002, June). Mixed reality environments as collabrative and constructive learning spaces for elementary school children. Paper presented at the meeting of the World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, Colorado.
Wojciechowski, R., & Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in ARIES augmented reality environments. Computers and Education, 68, 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014
Wolters, C. A., & Rosenthal, H. (2000). The relation between students’ motivational beliefs and their use of motivational regulation strategies. International Journal of Educational Research, 33(7), 801–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-0355(00)00051-3
Wu, H.-K., Lee, S. W.-Y., Chang, H.-Y., & Liang, J.-C. (2013). Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Computers and Education, 62, 41–49. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024
Yen, J.-C., Tsai, C.-H., & Wu, M. (2013). Augmented reality in the higher education: Students’ science concept learning and academic achievement in astronomy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103, 165–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.10.322
Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2018). Qualitative research methods in the social sciences [Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri] (117h edt.). Seçkin Publishing.
Yoon, S. A., Elinich, K., Wang, J. Steinmeier, C., & Tucker, S. (2012). Using augmented reality and knowledge-building scaffolds to improve learning in a science museum. International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, 7(4), 519-541. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11412-012-9156-x
Zhang, J., Sung, Y.-T., Hou, H.-T. ve Chang, K.-E. (2014). The development and evaluation of an augmented reality-based armillary sphe re for astronomical observation instruction. Computers and Education, 73, 178–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2014.01.00
Zhu, W., Owen, C., Li, H. & Lee, J.-H. (2004), Personalized in-store e-commerce with PromoPad: an augmented reality shopping assistant. Electronic Journal for E-commerce Tools and Applications, 1(3), 1-19. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.83.8198&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Omurtak, E., & Zeybek, G. (2022). The Effect of Augmented Reality Applications in Biology Lesson on Academic Achievement and Motivation. Journal of Education in Science Environment and Health, 8(1), 55-74. https://doi.org/10.21891/jeseh.1059283