Çok Sektörlü Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (LCA) Uygulamalarının Çevresel Etki Değerlendirmesi ve Sosyo-Ekonomik Analiz ile Entegrasyonu Üzerine Bir İnceleme: Sürdürülebilir Uygulamaların Değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD), bir ürünün hammadde temininden bertaraf edilmesine kadar tüm yaşam döngüsü boyunca çevresel etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendiren bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışma, LCA'nın ürün, süreç ve hizmetlerin çevre üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmedeki önemini incelemeyi, avantaj ve dezavantajlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, 2005-2024 yılları arasında farklı sektörler ve ülkelerde çevresel etki değerlendirmesi, özellikle YDD üzerine literatür taraması yapmak üzere akademik veri tabanları kullanılmıştır. Bu kapsamda, inşaat, tarım, atık su arıtma, atık yönetimi, üretim, enerji sistemleri, ambalajlama ve ulaştırma gibi çeşitli sektörlerde YDD uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmalarla her aşamada çevresel etkilerin azaltılması, iyileştirilebilecek alanların tespiti ve süreçlerin optimize edilmesi hedeflenmiştir. YDD ayrıca üretim süreçlerinin değerlendirilmesine yardımcı olarak bilinçli karar vermeyi kolaylaştırır. Daha çevre dostu bir ulaşım sektörü için emisyonların, enerji tüketiminin ve sürdürülebilir alternatiflerin değerlendirilmesi ise YDD ile gerçekleştirilmektedir. Çalışmada, daha kapsamlı ve doğru sonuçlara ulaşabilmek için YDD çalışmalarının sosyal ve ekonomik boyutlarla entegre edilmesi, Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri'nin (CBS) kullanımı gibi unsurların önemine değinilmektedir.

Keywords

• Yaşam Döngüsü Değerlendirmesi (YDD)
• Sürdürülebilirlik
• YDD uygulamaları
• YDD kısıtlamaları
• YDD gelişimi
• Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS)

Reviewing the Multi-Sectoral Application of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) for Environmental Impact Evaluation and Integration with Socio-Economic Analysis for Sustainable Practices

Abstract

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) provides a thorough assessment of the environmental consequences across the entire lifespan of a product, starting from the extraction phase and concluding with its disposal. This study aims to examine the importance of LCA in assessing the impact of products, processes, and services on the environment and discusses the benefits and drawbacks of LCA. The study utilized academic databases to conduct a literature search on environmental impact assessment, specifically LCA, across various sectors and countries, aiming to identify improvements and advances in LCA methodology between 2005 and 2024. Various industries have applied LCA; these studies evaluate the environmental impacts of construction, agriculture, wastewater treatment, waste management, manufacturing, energy systems, packaging, and transportation. They aimed to reduce environmental impact at every stage, identify areas for improvement, and optimize processes. LCA also aids in evaluating manufacturing processes, facilitating informed decision-making. It's essential for a more environmentally friendly transportation industry to assess emissions, energy consumption, and sustainable alternatives. To achieve more comprehensive and accurate results, the study suggests that it is essential to incorporate LCA studies with social and economic aspects, as well as using Geographic Information Systems (GIS).

Keywords

• Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
• Sustainability
• LCA applications
• LCA limitations
• LCA development
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

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