Year 2021,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 41 - 49, 30.04.2021
Kadir Keskin
,
Yakup Zühtü Birinci
,
Huseyin Topçu
,
Serkan Pancar
References
- Adelsberger, R., & Tröster, G. (2014). Effects of stretching and warm-up routines on stability and balance during weight-lifting: a pilot investigation. BMC research notes, 7, 938.
- Amako, M., Oda, T., Masuoka, K., Yokoi, H., & Campisi, P. (2003). Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits. Military medicine, 168(6), 442–446.
- Andzel, W. D., & Gutin, B. (1976). Prior exercise and endurance performance: a test of the mobilization hypothesis. Research quarterly, 47(2), 269–276.
- Bailey, S. J., Vanhatalo, A., Wilkerson, D. P., Dimenna, F. J., & Jones, A. M. (2009). Optimizing the "priming" effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. Journal of applied physiology, 107(6), 1743–1756.
- Barnes, K. R., Hopkins, W. G., McGuigan, M. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2015). Warm-up with a weighted vest improves running performance via leg stiffness and running economy. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 18(1), 103–108.
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up II: performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports medicine, 33(7), 483–498.
- Bishop, D. J., Bonetti, D., & Dawson, B. (2002). The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 34, 1041-1047.
- Bizzini, M., Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2013). Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: How to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. British journal of sports medicine, 47, 803 - 806.
- Burnley, M., Doust, J. H., & Jones, A. M. (2005). Effects of prior warm-up regime on severe-intensity cycling performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(5), 838–845.
- Camargo, C.N., Lima, J.D., Corrêa, M.E., Seninski, P.L., Cruz, J.D., Bini, V.E., Ferreira, L.A., & Pereira, W.M. (2020). Effects of warm-up and stretching on the peak torque using electromyography - A randomized controlled clinical trial. Manual therapy, posturology & rehabilitation journal, 18, 1-5.
- Chaouachi, A., Castagna, C., Chtara, M., Brughelli, M., Turki, O., Galy, O., Chamari, K., & Behm, D. G. (2010). Effect of warm-ups involving static or dynamic stretching on agility, sprinting, and jumping performance in trained individuals. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(8), 2001–2011.
- Erkut, Oya & Gelen, Ertugrul & Sunar, Cengiz. (2016). Acute effect of different warm-up methods on dynamic balance. International journal of sports science, 7(3), 99-104.
- Faigenbaum, A. D., McFarland, J. E., Schwerdtman, J. A., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., & Hoffman, J. R. (2006). Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weighted vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. Journal of athletic training, 41(4), 357–363.
- Fradkin, A. J., Zazryn, T. R., & Smoliga, J. M. (2010). Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(1), 140–148.
- Favero, J. P., Midgley, A. W., & Bentley, D. J. (2009). Effects of an acute bout of static stretching on 40 m sprint performance: influence of baseline flexibility. Research in sports medicine, 17(1), 50-60.
- Gelen E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(4), 950–956.
- Gregson, W. A., Batterham, A., Drust, B., & Cable, N. T. (2005). The influence of pre-warming on the physiological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 23(5), 455–464.
- Gregson, W. A., Drust, B., Batterham, A., & Cable, N. T. (2002). The effects of pre-warming on the metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to prolonged submaximal exercise in moderate ambient temperatures. European journal of applied physiology, 86(6), 526–533.
- Jung, H. C., Lee, N. H., ve Lee, S. (2018). Jumping exercise restores stretching-induced power loss in healthy adults. Montenegrin journal of sports science and medicine, 7(2), 55.
- Kendall B. J. (2017). The Acute Effects of Static Stretching Compared to Dynamic Stretching with and without an Active Warm up on Anaerobic Performance. International journal of exercise science, 10(1), 53–61.
- Marinho, D. A., Gil, M. H., Cardoso Marques, M., Barbosa, T. M., & Neiva, H. P. (2017). Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance. Sports medicine international open, 1(3), E101–E106.
- McCrary, J. M., Ackermann, B. J., & Halaki, M. (2015). A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury. British journal of sports medicine, 49(14), 935–942.
- McMahon, S., & Jenkins, D. (2002). Factors affecting the rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis following intense exercise. Sports medicine, 32(12), 761–784.
- McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 20(3), 492–499.
- Merino-Marban, R., Fuentes, V., Torres, M., & Mayorga-Vega, D. (2021). Acute effect of a static- and dynamic-based stretching warm-up on standing long jump performance in primary schoolchildren. Biology of sport, 38(3), 333-339.
- Mizugaki, A., Kato, H., Suzuki, H., Kurihara, H., & Ogita, F. (2021). Nutritional Practice and Nitrogen Balance in Elite Japanese Swimmers during a Training Camp. Sports, 9(2), 17.
- Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Nybo, L., Nielsen, J. J., & Bangsbo, J. (2004). Muscle temperature and sprint performance during soccer matches--beneficial effect of re-warm-up at half-time. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 14(3), 156–162.
- No, M., & Kwak, H. B. (2016). Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players. Integrative medicine research, 5(3), 216–222.
- O'Sullivan, K., Murray, E., & Sainsbury, D. (2009). The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 10, 37.
- Ozyener, F., Rossiter, H. B., Ward, S. A., & Whipp, B. J. (2001). Influence of exercise intensity on the on- and off-transient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans. The journal of physiology, 533(3), 891–902.
- Pagaduan, J. C., Pojskić, H., Užičanin, E., & Babajić, F. (2012). Effect of various warm-up protocols on jump performance in college football players. Journal of human kinetics, 35, 127–132.
- Park, H. K., Jung, M. K., Park, E., Lee, C. Y., Jee, Y. S., Eun, D., Cha, J. Y., & Yoo, J. (2018). The effect of warm-ups with stretching on the isokinetic moments of collegiate men. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 14(1), 78–82.
- Peltonen, J. E., Leppävuori, A. P., Kyrö, K. P., Mäkelä, P., & Rusko, H. K. (1999). Arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation is affected by F1O2 at submaximal running velocities in elite athletes. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 9(5), 265-271.
- Poprzecki, Stanisław & Zajac, Adam & Wower, Bartlomiej & Cholewa, Jaroslaw. (2007). The affects of a warm-up and the recovery interval prior to exercise on anaerobic power and acid-base balance in man. Journal of human kinetics, 18, 15-27.
- Racinais, S., Blonc, S., & Hue, O. (2005). Effects of active warm-up and diurnal increase in temperature on muscular power. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(12), 2134–2139.
- Ribeiro, Bruno & Pereira, Ana & Neves, Pedro & Sousa, António & Ferraz, Ricardo & Marques, Mário & Marinho, Daniel & Neiva, Henrique. (2020). The Role of Specific Warm-up during Bench Press and Squat Exercises: A Novel Approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17, 6882.
- Saltin, B., Gagge, A. P., & Stolwijk, J. A. (1968). Muscle temperature during submaximal exercise in man. Journal of applied physiology, 25(6), 679–688.
- Samson, M., Button, D. C., Chaouachi, A., & Behm, D. G. (2012). Effects of dynamic and static stretching within general and activity specific warm-up protocols. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(2), 279–285.
- She, J., Nakamura, H., Makino, K., Ohyama, Y., & Hashimoto, H. (2015). Selection of suitable maximum-heart-rate formulas for use with Karvonen formula to calculate exercise intensity. International journal of automation and computing, 12(1), 62-69.
- Soligard, T., Myklebust, G., Steffen, K., Holme, I., Silvers, H., Bizzini, M., Junge, A., Dvorak, J., Bahr, R., & Andersen, T. E. (2008). Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 337, a2469.
- Stewart, I. B., & Sleivert, G. G. (1998). The effect of warm-up intensity on range of motion and anaerobic performance. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 27(2), 154–161.
- Tyka, Aleksander & Wiecha, Szczepan & Pałka, Tomasz & Zygula, Zbigniew & Tyka, Anna & Cisoń, Tomasz. (2010). Effects of Ambient Temperature on Physiological Responses to Incremental Exercise Test. Journal of human kinetics, 26, 57-64.
- Wei, C., Yu, L., Duncan, B., & Renfree, A. (2020). A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 197.
- West, D. J., Dietzig, B. M., Bracken, R. M., Cunningham, D. J., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., & Kilduff, L. P. (2013). Influence of post-warm-up recovery time on swim performance in international swimmers. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 16(2), 172–176.
- Wilson, J. M., Hornbuckle, L. M., Kim, J. S., Ugrinowitsch, C., Lee, S. R., Zourdos, M. C., Sommer, B., & Panton, L. B. (2010). Effects of static stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(9), 2274–2279.
- Yamaguchi, T., Takizawa, K., Shibata, K., Tomabechi, N., Samukawa, M., & Yamanaka, M. (2019). Effect of General Warm-Up Plus Dynamic Stretching on Endurance Running Performance in Well-Trained Male Runners. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 90(4), 527–533.
- Yanaoka, T., Kashiwabara, K., Masuda, Y., Yamagami, J., Kurata, K., Takagi, S., Miyashita, M., & Hirose, N. (2018). The Effect of Half-time Re-Warm up Duration on Intermittent Sprint Performance. Journal of sports science & medicine, 17(2), 269–278.
- Zhao, J., Lorenzo, S., An, N., Feng, W., Lai, L., & Cui, S. (2013). Effects of heat and different humidity levels on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in athletes. Journal of exercise science & fitness, 11(1), 35-41.
- Zmijewski, P., Lipinska, P., Czajkowska, A., Mróz, A., Kapuściński, P., & Mazurek, K. (2020). Acute Effects of a Static Vs. a Dynamic Stretching Warm-up on Repeated-Sprint Performance in Female Handball Players. Journal of human kinetics, 72, 161–172.
- Zochowski, T., Johnson, E., & Sleivert, G. G. (2007). Effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on 200-m time-trial swim performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2(2), 201–211.
- Zourdos, M. C., Bazyler, C. D., Jo, E., Khamoui, A. V., Park, B. S., Lee, S. R., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2017). Impact of a Submaximal Warm-Up on Endurance Performance in Highly Trained and Competitive Male Runners. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 88(1), 114–119.
- Zourdos, M. C., Wilson, J. M., Sommer, B. A., Lee, S. R., Park, Y. M., Henning, P. C., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2012). Effects of dynamic stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance in trained male runners. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(2), 335–341.
- Zourdos, M. C., Wilson, J. M., Sommer, B. A., Lee, S. R., Park, Y. M., Henning, P. C., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2012). Effects of dynamic stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance in trained male runners. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(2), 335–341.
The Effects of Different Passive Rest Periods On Submaximal Running Performance
Year 2021,
Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 41 - 49, 30.04.2021
Kadir Keskin
,
Yakup Zühtü Birinci
,
Huseyin Topçu
,
Serkan Pancar
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of different passive rest periods after the dynamic warm-up protocol on submaximal running performance. A total of 16 male volunteers who are physical activity for recreational purposes 2-3 days a week participated. The average age of the participants was 21.17 ± 2.21 years, their average height was 174.27 ± 3.41 cm, and their average body weight was 72.15 ± 4.78 kg. The participates were randomly divided into three groups (IAWarm-up n=5, 10min n=5, 20min=n=6). Submaximal heart rates of the participants were determined using the Karvonen formula. Two-way analysis of variance was used for repeated measurements in the analysis of the data. When comparisons between groups could not be achieved, analysis was made with Greenhouse-Geisser outputs. When differences were detected between groups, Bonferroni post-hoc test was used for multiple comparisons. As a result, different passive rest periods after the dynamic warm-up protocol affect the submaximal running performance. It is seen that submaximal running performance worsens as the passive rest period gets longer. Immediately after exercise and when the passive waiting time was up to 10 minutes, there was no significant difference in submaximal running performance, while significant decreases were found in performance when it was 20 minutes.
References
- Adelsberger, R., & Tröster, G. (2014). Effects of stretching and warm-up routines on stability and balance during weight-lifting: a pilot investigation. BMC research notes, 7, 938.
- Amako, M., Oda, T., Masuoka, K., Yokoi, H., & Campisi, P. (2003). Effect of static stretching on prevention of injuries for military recruits. Military medicine, 168(6), 442–446.
- Andzel, W. D., & Gutin, B. (1976). Prior exercise and endurance performance: a test of the mobilization hypothesis. Research quarterly, 47(2), 269–276.
- Bailey, S. J., Vanhatalo, A., Wilkerson, D. P., Dimenna, F. J., & Jones, A. M. (2009). Optimizing the "priming" effect: influence of prior exercise intensity and recovery duration on O2 uptake kinetics and severe-intensity exercise tolerance. Journal of applied physiology, 107(6), 1743–1756.
- Barnes, K. R., Hopkins, W. G., McGuigan, M. R., & Kilding, A. E. (2015). Warm-up with a weighted vest improves running performance via leg stiffness and running economy. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 18(1), 103–108.
- Bishop, D. (2003). Warm up II: performance changes following active warm up and how to structure the warm up. Sports medicine, 33(7), 483–498.
- Bishop, D. J., Bonetti, D., & Dawson, B. (2002). The influence of pacing strategy on VO2 and supramaximal kayak performance. Medicine & science in sports & exercise, 34, 1041-1047.
- Bizzini, M., Junge, A., & Dvorak, J. (2013). Implementation of the FIFA 11+ football warm up program: How to approach and convince the Football associations to invest in prevention. British journal of sports medicine, 47, 803 - 806.
- Burnley, M., Doust, J. H., & Jones, A. M. (2005). Effects of prior warm-up regime on severe-intensity cycling performance. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(5), 838–845.
- Camargo, C.N., Lima, J.D., Corrêa, M.E., Seninski, P.L., Cruz, J.D., Bini, V.E., Ferreira, L.A., & Pereira, W.M. (2020). Effects of warm-up and stretching on the peak torque using electromyography - A randomized controlled clinical trial. Manual therapy, posturology & rehabilitation journal, 18, 1-5.
- Chaouachi, A., Castagna, C., Chtara, M., Brughelli, M., Turki, O., Galy, O., Chamari, K., & Behm, D. G. (2010). Effect of warm-ups involving static or dynamic stretching on agility, sprinting, and jumping performance in trained individuals. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(8), 2001–2011.
- Erkut, Oya & Gelen, Ertugrul & Sunar, Cengiz. (2016). Acute effect of different warm-up methods on dynamic balance. International journal of sports science, 7(3), 99-104.
- Faigenbaum, A. D., McFarland, J. E., Schwerdtman, J. A., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., & Hoffman, J. R. (2006). Dynamic warm-up protocols, with and without a weighted vest, and fitness performance in high school female athletes. Journal of athletic training, 41(4), 357–363.
- Fradkin, A. J., Zazryn, T. R., & Smoliga, J. M. (2010). Effects of warming-up on physical performance: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(1), 140–148.
- Favero, J. P., Midgley, A. W., & Bentley, D. J. (2009). Effects of an acute bout of static stretching on 40 m sprint performance: influence of baseline flexibility. Research in sports medicine, 17(1), 50-60.
- Gelen E. (2010). Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(4), 950–956.
- Gregson, W. A., Batterham, A., Drust, B., & Cable, N. T. (2005). The influence of pre-warming on the physiological responses to prolonged intermittent exercise. Journal of sports sciences, 23(5), 455–464.
- Gregson, W. A., Drust, B., Batterham, A., & Cable, N. T. (2002). The effects of pre-warming on the metabolic and thermoregulatory responses to prolonged submaximal exercise in moderate ambient temperatures. European journal of applied physiology, 86(6), 526–533.
- Jung, H. C., Lee, N. H., ve Lee, S. (2018). Jumping exercise restores stretching-induced power loss in healthy adults. Montenegrin journal of sports science and medicine, 7(2), 55.
- Kendall B. J. (2017). The Acute Effects of Static Stretching Compared to Dynamic Stretching with and without an Active Warm up on Anaerobic Performance. International journal of exercise science, 10(1), 53–61.
- Marinho, D. A., Gil, M. H., Cardoso Marques, M., Barbosa, T. M., & Neiva, H. P. (2017). Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance. Sports medicine international open, 1(3), E101–E106.
- McCrary, J. M., Ackermann, B. J., & Halaki, M. (2015). A systematic review of the effects of upper body warm-up on performance and injury. British journal of sports medicine, 49(14), 935–942.
- McMahon, S., & Jenkins, D. (2002). Factors affecting the rate of phosphocreatine resynthesis following intense exercise. Sports medicine, 32(12), 761–784.
- McMillian, D. J., Moore, J. H., Hatler, B. S., & Taylor, D. C. (2006). Dynamic vs. static-stretching warm up: the effect on power and agility performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 20(3), 492–499.
- Merino-Marban, R., Fuentes, V., Torres, M., & Mayorga-Vega, D. (2021). Acute effect of a static- and dynamic-based stretching warm-up on standing long jump performance in primary schoolchildren. Biology of sport, 38(3), 333-339.
- Mizugaki, A., Kato, H., Suzuki, H., Kurihara, H., & Ogita, F. (2021). Nutritional Practice and Nitrogen Balance in Elite Japanese Swimmers during a Training Camp. Sports, 9(2), 17.
- Mohr, M., Krustrup, P., Nybo, L., Nielsen, J. J., & Bangsbo, J. (2004). Muscle temperature and sprint performance during soccer matches--beneficial effect of re-warm-up at half-time. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 14(3), 156–162.
- No, M., & Kwak, H. B. (2016). Effects of environmental temperature on physiological responses during submaximal and maximal exercises in soccer players. Integrative medicine research, 5(3), 216–222.
- O'Sullivan, K., Murray, E., & Sainsbury, D. (2009). The effect of warm-up, static stretching and dynamic stretching on hamstring flexibility in previously injured subjects. BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 10, 37.
- Ozyener, F., Rossiter, H. B., Ward, S. A., & Whipp, B. J. (2001). Influence of exercise intensity on the on- and off-transient kinetics of pulmonary oxygen uptake in humans. The journal of physiology, 533(3), 891–902.
- Pagaduan, J. C., Pojskić, H., Užičanin, E., & Babajić, F. (2012). Effect of various warm-up protocols on jump performance in college football players. Journal of human kinetics, 35, 127–132.
- Park, H. K., Jung, M. K., Park, E., Lee, C. Y., Jee, Y. S., Eun, D., Cha, J. Y., & Yoo, J. (2018). The effect of warm-ups with stretching on the isokinetic moments of collegiate men. Journal of exercise rehabilitation, 14(1), 78–82.
- Peltonen, J. E., Leppävuori, A. P., Kyrö, K. P., Mäkelä, P., & Rusko, H. K. (1999). Arterial haemoglobin oxygen saturation is affected by F1O2 at submaximal running velocities in elite athletes. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 9(5), 265-271.
- Poprzecki, Stanisław & Zajac, Adam & Wower, Bartlomiej & Cholewa, Jaroslaw. (2007). The affects of a warm-up and the recovery interval prior to exercise on anaerobic power and acid-base balance in man. Journal of human kinetics, 18, 15-27.
- Racinais, S., Blonc, S., & Hue, O. (2005). Effects of active warm-up and diurnal increase in temperature on muscular power. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 37(12), 2134–2139.
- Ribeiro, Bruno & Pereira, Ana & Neves, Pedro & Sousa, António & Ferraz, Ricardo & Marques, Mário & Marinho, Daniel & Neiva, Henrique. (2020). The Role of Specific Warm-up during Bench Press and Squat Exercises: A Novel Approach. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17, 6882.
- Saltin, B., Gagge, A. P., & Stolwijk, J. A. (1968). Muscle temperature during submaximal exercise in man. Journal of applied physiology, 25(6), 679–688.
- Samson, M., Button, D. C., Chaouachi, A., & Behm, D. G. (2012). Effects of dynamic and static stretching within general and activity specific warm-up protocols. Journal of sports science & medicine, 11(2), 279–285.
- She, J., Nakamura, H., Makino, K., Ohyama, Y., & Hashimoto, H. (2015). Selection of suitable maximum-heart-rate formulas for use with Karvonen formula to calculate exercise intensity. International journal of automation and computing, 12(1), 62-69.
- Soligard, T., Myklebust, G., Steffen, K., Holme, I., Silvers, H., Bizzini, M., Junge, A., Dvorak, J., Bahr, R., & Andersen, T. E. (2008). Comprehensive warm-up programme to prevent injuries in young female footballers: cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ, 337, a2469.
- Stewart, I. B., & Sleivert, G. G. (1998). The effect of warm-up intensity on range of motion and anaerobic performance. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 27(2), 154–161.
- Tyka, Aleksander & Wiecha, Szczepan & Pałka, Tomasz & Zygula, Zbigniew & Tyka, Anna & Cisoń, Tomasz. (2010). Effects of Ambient Temperature on Physiological Responses to Incremental Exercise Test. Journal of human kinetics, 26, 57-64.
- Wei, C., Yu, L., Duncan, B., & Renfree, A. (2020). A Plyometric Warm-Up Protocol Improves Running Economy in Recreational Endurance Athletes. Frontiers in physiology, 11, 197.
- West, D. J., Dietzig, B. M., Bracken, R. M., Cunningham, D. J., Crewther, B. T., Cook, C. J., & Kilduff, L. P. (2013). Influence of post-warm-up recovery time on swim performance in international swimmers. Journal of science and medicine in sport, 16(2), 172–176.
- Wilson, J. M., Hornbuckle, L. M., Kim, J. S., Ugrinowitsch, C., Lee, S. R., Zourdos, M. C., Sommer, B., & Panton, L. B. (2010). Effects of static stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 24(9), 2274–2279.
- Yamaguchi, T., Takizawa, K., Shibata, K., Tomabechi, N., Samukawa, M., & Yamanaka, M. (2019). Effect of General Warm-Up Plus Dynamic Stretching on Endurance Running Performance in Well-Trained Male Runners. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 90(4), 527–533.
- Yanaoka, T., Kashiwabara, K., Masuda, Y., Yamagami, J., Kurata, K., Takagi, S., Miyashita, M., & Hirose, N. (2018). The Effect of Half-time Re-Warm up Duration on Intermittent Sprint Performance. Journal of sports science & medicine, 17(2), 269–278.
- Zhao, J., Lorenzo, S., An, N., Feng, W., Lai, L., & Cui, S. (2013). Effects of heat and different humidity levels on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance in athletes. Journal of exercise science & fitness, 11(1), 35-41.
- Zmijewski, P., Lipinska, P., Czajkowska, A., Mróz, A., Kapuściński, P., & Mazurek, K. (2020). Acute Effects of a Static Vs. a Dynamic Stretching Warm-up on Repeated-Sprint Performance in Female Handball Players. Journal of human kinetics, 72, 161–172.
- Zochowski, T., Johnson, E., & Sleivert, G. G. (2007). Effects of varying post-warm-up recovery time on 200-m time-trial swim performance. International journal of sports physiology and performance, 2(2), 201–211.
- Zourdos, M. C., Bazyler, C. D., Jo, E., Khamoui, A. V., Park, B. S., Lee, S. R., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2017). Impact of a Submaximal Warm-Up on Endurance Performance in Highly Trained and Competitive Male Runners. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 88(1), 114–119.
- Zourdos, M. C., Wilson, J. M., Sommer, B. A., Lee, S. R., Park, Y. M., Henning, P. C., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2012). Effects of dynamic stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance in trained male runners. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(2), 335–341.
- Zourdos, M. C., Wilson, J. M., Sommer, B. A., Lee, S. R., Park, Y. M., Henning, P. C., Panton, L. B., & Kim, J. S. (2012). Effects of dynamic stretching on energy cost and running endurance performance in trained male runners. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 26(2), 335–341.