Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating

Musa Demir

doi:10.5281/zenodo.21479267

Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating

Abstract

This study evaluates the environmental performance of a solar-assisted heating system under the climatic conditions of İzmir by comparing five auxiliary heat generation technologies, namely a heat pump, natural gas boiler, oil-fired boiler, wood-fired boiler, and district heating system. Dynamic simulations were performed under identical operating conditions using T*SOL software. The solar subsystem, climatic data, thermal loads, and control parameters were kept constant in all scenarios to isolate the influence of the auxiliary energy source. The results indicate that all investigated systems exhibit comparable thermal and energy performance characteristics. However, notable differences were observed in environmental performance due to variations in the carbon intensity of the auxiliary energy sources. The findings demonstrate that the environmental benefits of solar-assisted heating systems depend primarily on the selected backup heating technology rather than on differences in thermal performance. Therefore, the integration of solar energy systems with low-carbon auxiliary technologies is essential for maximizing greenhouse gas emission reductions and improving overall sustainability.

Keywords

Thanks

The author would like to express sincere gratitude to Valentin Software GmbH for providing the T*SOL simulation program, which played a significant role in conducting the dynamic performance analyses of solar heating systems. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Mechanical Engineering (Other)

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Musa Demir ^*
0000-0002-2191-5395
Türkiye

Publication Date

July 22, 2026

Submission Date

April 30, 2026

Acceptance Date

June 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 3 Number: 1

DOI

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21479267

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA96AK46BM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Demir, M. (2026). Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating. Journal of Energy Trends, 3(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21479267

AMA

1.Demir M. Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating. Journal of Energy Trends. 2026;3(1):22-27. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21479267

Chicago

Demir, Musa. 2026. “Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating”. Journal of Energy Trends 3 (1): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21479267.

EndNote

Demir M (July 1, 2026) Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating. Journal of Energy Trends 3 1 22–27.

IEEE

[1]M. Demir, “Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating”, Journal of Energy Trends, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 22–27, July 2026, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.21479267.

ISNAD

Demir, Musa. “Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating”. Journal of Energy Trends 3/1 (July 1, 2026): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21479267.

JAMA

1.Demir M. Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating. Journal of Energy Trends. 2026;3:22–27.

MLA

Demir, Musa. “Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating”. Journal of Energy Trends, vol. 3, no. 1, July 2026, pp. 22-27, doi:10.5281/zenodo.21479267.

Vancouver

1.Musa Demir. Auxiliary Energy Sources and CO₂ Emissions in Solar-Assisted Heating. Journal of Energy Trends. 2026 Jul. 1;3(1):22-7. doi:10.5281/zenodo.21479267