Research Article
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Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 113 - 130, 30.08.2024

Tuğba Nur Kaya , Merve Zurnacı , İzzet Şener

https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1395566

Abstract

Heavy metal accumulation occurs when foods and food contact materials contain excessive amounts of heavy metals. Heavy metal accumulation in foods can risk public health and cause diseases. Therefore, the concentration of heavy metals in food and packaging materials is an important parameter that needs to be analyzed. This study aimed to detect heavy metal accumulation in food and packaging materials.
For this purpose, milk, which has an essential place among foods, was chosen. Products of 10 different milk brands used commercially today were supplied. Within the scope of heavy metal analyses, Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Aluminum (Al), Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) elements were determined. Pre-treatment of the samples was carried out using the efficient microwave method to ensure minimal sample loss through rapid thawing. Heavy metal analysis was then carried out using the widely used ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer) device, a widespread technique in current practice. The range of heavy metal concentrations in all packaging samples were: Al (1.219–2.578), As (1.078–1.522), Co (0.219–0.239), Fe (0.862–81.440), Pb (1.784–2.170), Mn (0.042–1.884), Ni (0.782–9.758, Zn (1.814–2.522) mg/kg. Heavy metal concentrations in all packaging samples were found Al (51267.00–71601.25), As (31.626–42.371), Cd (1.035–1.209), Co (0.775–1.167), Cu (4.921–44.839), Fe (259.615–463.182), Pb (24.386–26.668), Mn (4.301–59.599), Ni (6.065–7.943), Zn (5.324–8.763) mg/kg. The heavy metals with the highest concentration among packaging materials are Al and Fe, followed by As and Pb. Additionally, the correlation between milk and its packaging samples were presented using SPSS.

Keywords

Milk food packaging microwave heavy metal accumulation inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES)

Ethical Statement

Etik beyana gerek yoktur.

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A (1919B012215735)

Thanks

This work was supported by the TUBITAK 2209-A.

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Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 113 - 130, 30.08.2024

Tuğba Nur Kaya , Merve Zurnacı , İzzet Şener

https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1395566

Abstract

Project Number

TÜBİTAK 2209-A (1919B012215735)

References

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  • [2] Ceyhun Sezgin, A., Artık, N., “Toplu Tüketim Yerlerinde Gıda Güvenliği ve HACCP Uygulamaları ( Food Safety and HACCP Applications for Mass Consumption Places )”, Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Studies 3(2) (2015) : 56–62.
  • [3] Güler, Ü.A., Can, Ö.P., “Araştırma Makalesi Kimyasal Kontaminantların Çevre Sağlığı ve Gıda Güvenliği Üzerine Etkileri”, Sinop Uni J Nat Sci. 195 (2017) : 170–195.
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  • [5] Sonone, S.S., Jadhav, S.V, Sankhla, M.S., Kumar, R., “Water Contamination by Heavy Metals and Their Toxic Effect on Aquaculture and Human Health through Food Chain”, Letters in Applied NanoBioScience 10(2) (2020) : 2148–2166.
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  • [10] Özturan, K., Atasever, M., “Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in Milk and Dairy Products”, Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 13(2) (2018) : 229–241.
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  • [12] Karasakal, A., “Determination of Trace and Major Elements in Vegan Milk and Oils by ICP-OES After Microwave Digestion”, Biological Trace Element Research 197(2) (2020) : 683–693.
  • [13] Hameed, K.G.A., El-Zamkan, M.A., “Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Flavored Milk by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and Their Public Health Importance”, World Journal of Dairy & Food Sciences 10(2) (2015) : 193–198.
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  • [15] Eti, S.A., Islam, M.S., Shourove, J.H., Saha, B., Ray, S.K., Sultana, S., Ali Shaikh, M. A., Rahman, M.M., “Assessment of Heavy Metals Migrated from Food Contact Plastic Packaging: Bangladesh Perspective”, Heliyon 9(9) (2023) : e19667.
  • [16] Bakircioglu, D., Kurtulus, Y.B., Ucar, G., “Determination of Some Traces Metal Levels in Cheese Samples Packaged in Plastic and Tin Containers by ICP-OES after Dry, Wet and Microwave Digestion”, Food and Chemical Toxicology 49(1) (2011) : 202–207.
  • [17] Alamri, M.S., Qasem, A.A.A., Mohamed, A.A., Hussain, S., Ibraheem, M.A., Shamlan, G., Alqah, H.A., Qasha, A.S., “Food Packaging’s Materials: A Food Safety Perspective”, Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28(8) (2021) : 4490–4499.
  • [18] Omeroğlu, P.Y., Zdal, T.Ö., Bulut, R., “Chemical Migration from Plastic Types of Food Contact Materials”, Eurasian Journal of Food Science and Technology (2012) : 22–32.
  • [19] Barukčić, I., Ščetar, M., Lisak Jakopović, K., Kurek, M., Božanić, R., Galić, K., “Overview of Packaging Materials for Dairy Packaging”, Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam 16(3–4) (2021) : 85–93.
  • [20] Benyathiar, P., Mishra, D.K., Szemplenski, T.E., David, J.R.D., “Aseptic Filling and Packaging for Retail Products and Food Service”, In Handbook of aseptic processing and packaging CRC Press (2022) : 171-210.
  • [21] Pascall, M.A., Sablani, S.S., Greenwood, P., “Aseptic Packaging”, Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Elsevier (2024) : 664–672.
  • [22] Bhunia, K., Sablani, S.S., Tang, J., Rasco, B., “Migration of Chemical Compounds from Packaging Polymers during Microwave, Conventional Heat Treatment, and Storage”, Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety 12(5) (2013) : 523–545.
  • [23] Güven, D.E., Akinci, G., “Comparison of Acid Digestion Techniques to Determine Heavy Metals in Sediment and Soil Samples”, Gazi University Journal of Science 24(1) (2011) : 29–34.
  • [24] El Hosry, L., Sok, N., Richa, R., Al Mashtoub, L., Cayot, P., Bou-Maroun, E., “Sample Preparation and Analytical Techniques in the Determination of Trace Elements in Food: A Review”, Foods 12(4) (2023).
  • [25] Kasar, S., Murugan, R., Arae, H., Aono, T., Sahoo, S.K., “A Microwave Digestion Technique for the Analysis of Rare Earth Elements, Thorium and Uranium in Geochemical Certified Reference Materials and Soils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”, Molecules 25(21) (2020).
  • [26] Korn, M. das G.A., Morte, E.S. da B., dos Santos, D.C.M.B., Castro, J.T., Barbosa, J.T. P., Teixeira, A.P., Fernandes, A.P., Welz, B., dos Santos, W.P.C., dos Santos, E.B.G.N., Korn, M., “Sample Preparation for the Determination of Metals in Food Samples Using Spectroanalytical Methods - A Review”, Applied Spectroscopy Reviews 43(2) (2008) : 67–92.
  • [27] Douvris, C., Vaughan, T., Bussan, D., Bartzas, G., Thomas, R., “How ICP-OES Changed the Face of Trace Element Analysis: Review of the Global Application Landscape”, Science of The Total Environment 905 (2023) : 167242.
  • [28] Fassel, V.A., Knfseley, R.N., “Inductively Coupled Plasma: Optical Emission Spectroscopy”, Analytical Chemistry 46(13) (1974) : 1110A-1120a.
  • [29] Manousi, N., Isaakidou, E., Zachariadis, G.A., “An Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Toxic and Nutrient Metals in Spices after Pressure-Assisted Digestion”, Applied Sciences 12(2) 82022) : 534.
  • [30] Bulska, E., Wagner, B., “Quantitative Aspects of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry”, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374(2079) (2016) : 20150369.
  • [31] Cortez-Trejo, M.C., Manríquez, J., Mendoza, S., “Characterization of Natural Gums: Emphasizing Distinctive Spectroscopic Techniques”, Natural Gums, Elsevier (2023) : 123–161.
  • [32] Obermaier, K., Schmelzeisen-Redeker, G., Schoemaker, M., Klötzer, H.M., Kirchsteiger, H., Eikmeier, H., Del Re, L., “Performance Evaluations of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems: Precision Absolute Relative Deviation Is Part of the Assessment”, Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 7(4) (2013) : 824–832.
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  • [34] Goyer, R.A., Clarkson, T.W., Ag, S., “Clinical Trials of Antihistaminc Drugs in the Prevention and Treatment of the Common Cold: Report by a Special Committee of the Medical Research Council Large-Scale Therapeutic Field Trial”, British Medical Journal 2(4676) (1950) : 425–429.
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There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Material Characterization
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Tuğba Nur Kaya 0009-0006-1694-848X

Merve Zurnacı 0000-0002-2928-3492

İzzet Şener 0000-0003-0540-7523

Project Number TÜBİTAK 2209-A (1919B012215735)
Early Pub Date August 30, 2024
Publication Date August 30, 2024
Submission Date November 24, 2023
Acceptance Date May 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kaya, T. N., Zurnacı, M., & Şener, İ. (2024). Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, 9(2), 113-130. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1395566
AMA Kaya TN, Zurnacı M, Şener İ. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis. JETAS. August 2024;9(2):113-130. doi:10.30931/jetas.1395566
Chicago Kaya, Tuğba Nur, Merve Zurnacı, and İzzet Şener. “Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 9, no. 2 (August 2024): 113-30. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1395566.
EndNote Kaya TN, Zurnacı M, Şener İ (August 1, 2024) Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 9 2 113–130.
IEEE T. N. Kaya, M. Zurnacı, and İ. Şener, “Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis”, JETAS, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 113–130, 2024, doi: 10.30931/jetas.1395566.
ISNAD Kaya, Tuğba Nur et al. “Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 9/2 (August 2024), 113-130. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1395566.
JAMA Kaya TN, Zurnacı M, Şener İ. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis. JETAS. 2024;9:113–130.
MLA Kaya, Tuğba Nur et al. “Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis”. Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, no. 2, 2024, pp. 113-30, doi:10.30931/jetas.1395566.
Vancouver Kaya TN, Zurnacı M, Şener İ. Determination of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Milk and Their Packaging Materials and Statistical Analysis. JETAS. 2024;9(2):113-30.