The Impact of the Privatization Process of Energy Distribution Companies on Consumer Rights and Objection Mechanisms in Türkiye from the Perspective of International Law

Year 2025, Volume: 6 Issue: 2, 9 - 21, 31.12.2025

Özge Güçlü Ünal , Sadullah Özel

Abstract

This study examines the effects of the privatization of energy distribution companies in Türkiye on consumer rights within the framework of international law. Privatization in the energy sector is often justified by macroeconomic goals, including the enhancement of efficiency, attraction of private investment, and reduction of public financial burdens. Yet, these processes directly affect consumers, particularly in relation to service quality, pricing policies, and equitable access to energy. Türkiye has made significant progress in harmonizing its legislation with international standards; however, the concrete consequences of privatization, especially regarding consumer protection, present critical legal challenges. While privatization may generate benefits such as increased competition and improved service delivery, it has also led to negative outcomes, including rising tariffs, inequalities in access, and frequent service interruptions. These developments highlight the importance of strengthening administrative and judicial remedies available to consumers. A consumer-focused legal framework, reinforced by independent regulatory bodies and effective appeal mechanisms, is essential to ensure fairness, price stability, and reliable service provision. Properly regulated, privatization can support more efficient and higher-quality energy services. Nevertheless, sustainable outcomes depend on the continuous improvement of oversight structures and the effective balancing of economic efficiency with the protection of consumer rights.

Keywords

Energy Distribution Companies , Appeal Mechanisms , Privatization , Consumer Rights , International Law

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