Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales

Furkan Talu

Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales

Abstract

Electricity consumption has increased significantly in recent decades, and a large share of this growth is associated with buildings, and their heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) demands. At the same time, rising shares of variable renewable energy sources and stricter power quality requirements are driving the transition towards smart grids. In this context, energy storage is becoming a key enabler for flexibility both at the grid level and in buildings. This paper presents a multi-scale literature review on energy storage architectures in smart grids, spanning from national power systems down to microgrids and building/HVAC applications. Five representative studies are analyzed: a technology-oriented classification of storage options for smart and micro grids; an examination of smart grid standards and their implications for storage; a national-scale assessment of the role of thermal energy storage in future smart energy systems; a comprehensive review of storage technologies and applications in smart grids; and a microgrid-focused comparison of storage solutions in terms of flexibility and economics. The findings highlight the complementary roles of different storage technologies, the importance of standards for safe and interoperable integration, and the significant potential of building-level storage solutions to support peak load shaving, load shifting and renewable energy integration.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Electrical Energy Storage, Electrical Energy Transmission, Networks and Systems

Journal Section

Review

Authors

Furkan Talu ^*
0000-0002-3815-7957
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 30, 2026

Submission Date

December 8, 2025

Acceptance Date

March 24, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 7 Number: 1

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Talu, F. (2026). Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales. Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(1), 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ

AMA

1.Talu F. Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales. JETECH. 2026;7(1):1-11. https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ

Chicago

Talu, Furkan. 2026. “Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building HVAC Scales”. Journal of Engineering and Technology 7 (1): 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ.

EndNote

Talu F (June 1, 2026) Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales. Journal of Engineering and Technology 7 1 1–11.

IEEE

[1]F. Talu, “Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales”, JETECH, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1–11, June 2026, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ

ISNAD

Talu, Furkan. “Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building HVAC Scales”. Journal of Engineering and Technology 7/1 (June 1, 2026): 1-11. https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ.

JAMA

1.Talu F. Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales. JETECH. 2026;7:1–11.

MLA

Talu, Furkan. “Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building HVAC Scales”. Journal of Engineering and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, June 2026, pp. 1-11, https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ.

Vancouver

1.Furkan Talu. Energy Storage Architectures in Smart Grids: An Examination Across Grid, Microgrid, and Building/HVAC Scales. JETECH [Internet]. 2026 Jun. 1;7(1):1-11. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA43JC27FZ