Diyabetli bireylerde cinsiyetin ağrı, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma tip I ve tip II diyabetli hastalarda cinsiyetin ağrı, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkisini araştırmak amacıyla planlandı. Yöntemler: Web tabanlı kesitsel bir araştırma olan bu çalışmaya tip I ve tip II diyabeti olan toplam 130 hasta dahil edildi. Çalışmada, kol, omuz ve el sorunları anketi, Michigan el sonuç anketi, üst ekstremite ağrı şiddetine yönelik sayısal derecelendirme ölçeği, nöropatik ağrı anketi-Kısa Form, Dünya Sağlık Örgütü yaşam kalitesi anketleri kullanıldı. Bulgular: Kadınların Michigan el sonuç anketine ait ağrı alt ölçeğindeki puanları erkelere göre daha yüksekken (p = 0,006), fonksiyon alt ölçeğine ait puanları ise erkeklere göre daha düşüktü (p=0,037). Kol, omuz ve el sorunları anketi içerisinde bulunan çalışma alt ölçeği puanlarına bakıldığında ise kadınların işlev düzeyinin daha düşük olduğu belirlendi (p=0,016). Sonuç: Diyabetin ağrı, üst ekstremite fonksiyonu ve genel sağlık açısından kadın ve erkekler üzerinde farklı etkileri olabilir. Kadınların ağrı ve üst ekstremite fonksiyonu açısından erkeklerden daha fazla etkilendiği görüşündeyiz.

Keywords

• el
• diyabet
• üst ekstremite
• ağrı

Influence of gender on pain, upper extremity functions, and quality of life in individuals with diabetes

Abstract

Purpose: This study was planned to investigate the effect of gender on pain, upper extremity functions and quality of life in patients with type I and type II diabetes. Methods: A total of 130 patients with type I and type II diabetes were included in this study, which was a web-based cross-sectional study. In the study, arm, shoulder and hand problems questionnaire, Michigan hand outcome questionnaire, numerical rating scale for upper extremity pain severity, neuropathic pain questionnaire-Short Form, and World Health Organization quality of life questionnaires were used. Results: While women's scores on the pain subscale of the Michigan hand outcome questionnaire were higher than men (p=0.006), the scores on the function subscale were lower (p=0.037). When the working subscale scores of the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire were examined, it was determined that the function level of women was lower (p=0.016). Conclusion: Diabetes has a different impact on men and women in terms of pain, upper extremity function, and overall health. Women appear to be more affected than men in terms of pain and upper extremity function.

Keywords

• Hand
• Diabetes mellitus
• Upper extremity
• Pain

References

1. Sıngla R, Gupta Y, Kalra S. Musculoskeletal effects of diabetes mellitus. JPMA J Pak Med Assoc 2015;65:1024-1027.
2. Sanches A, Guzzoni V, Miranda VCDR et al. Recreational training improves cardiovascular adaptations, metabolic profile and mental health of elderly women with type−2 diabetes mellitus. Health Care Women Int 2021;42:127912-97.
3. Ramchurn N, Mashamba C, Leitch E etl al. Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and poor metabolic control in diabetes. Eur J Intern Med 2009;20:718-721.
4. Shah KM, Clark BR, Mcgill JB et al. Upper extremity impairments, pain and disability in patients with diabetes mellitus. Physiotherapy 2015;101:147-154.
5. Pérez-Panero AJ, Ruiz-Muñoz M, Fernández-Torres R et al. Diabetic foot disease: a systematic literature review of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res 2021;30(12):3395-3405.
6. Mauvais-Jarvis F.Gender differences in glucose homeostasis and diabetes. Physiol Behav 2018; 187:20-23.
7. Williamson A, Hoggart B. Pain: a review of three commonly used pain rating scales. J Clin Nurs 2005;14:798-804.
8. Backonja MM, Krause SJ. Neuropathic pain questionnaire—short form. Clin J Pain 2003; 19:315-316.

9. Yurdakul OV, Rezvani A, Küçükakkaş O et al. Neuropathic pain questionnaire and neuropathic pain questionnaire-short form: translation, reliability, and validation study of the Turkish version. Turk Neurosurg 2019;29:683-688.
10. Peters SE, Jha B, Ross M. Rehabilitation following surgery for flexor tendon injuries of the hand. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021;1:CD012479.
11. Dixon D, Johnston M, McQueen M. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) can measure the impairment, activity limitations and participation restriction constructs from the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2008;9:1-6.
12. Düger T, Yakut E, Öksüz Ç et al. Reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and hand (dash) questionnaire. Turkısh J Physıotherapy Rehabılıtatıon-Fızyoterapı Rehabılıtasyon 2006;17:99-107.
13. Hudak PL, Amadio PC, Bombardier C. Development of an upper extremity outcome measure: the DASH (disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and head). Am J Ind Med 1996;29:602-608.
14. Chung KC, Pillsbury MS, Walters MR et al. Reliability and validity testing of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. J Hand Surg Am 1998;23:575-587.
15. Nazarpour S, Simbar M, Dodel Andarvar K et al. The relationship between body image and quality of life in postmenopausal women: A correlational cross-sectional study. Health Care Women Int 2022;43:1181-1196.
16. Eser E, Fidaner H, Fidaner C et al. Psychometric properties of the WHOQOL−100 and WHOQOL-bref. J Psychiatry Psychol Psychopharmacol 1999;7:23-40.
17. Alkhatatbeh M, Abdul-Razzak KK. Neuropathic pain is not associated with serum vitamin D but is associated with female gender in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitusBMJ; 7. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2019;7:e000690.
18. Abraham A, Barnett C, Katzberg HD et al. Sex differences in neuropathic pain intensity in diabetes. J Neurol Sci 2018;388:103-106.
19. Keogh E.Sex and gender differences in pain: past, present, and future. Pain 2022;163;Suppl 1:S108-S116.
20. Kim KS, Kim MG. Gender-related factors associated with upper extremity function in workers. Saf Health Work 2010;1:158-66.
21. Pester BD, Crouch TB, Christon L et al. Gender differences in multidisciplinary pain rehabilitation: the mediating role of pain acceptance. J Contextual Behav Sci 2022;23:117-124.
22. Osborne NR, Davis KD. Sex and gender differences in pain. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2022;164:277-307.
23. Ercan S, İnce Parpucu T, Başkurt Z et al. Gender differences, ergonomics risks and upper quadrant musculoskeletal pain in hairdressers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2023;29:685-689.
24. Romero-Farina G, Aguadé-Bruix S, Cuellar-Calabria H et al. Gender differences in outcome in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Nucl Cardiol 2020;1-11.