Yaşam kalitesinin artırılması: Pilatesin depresyon ve anksiyeteyi hafifletmede kadınlar üzerindeki rolü: Randomize kontrollü bir çalışma

Abstract

Amaç: Depresyon ve anksiyete, bireylerin yaşam kalitesini önemli ölçüde düşüren, en yaygın görülen ruh sağlığı bozuklukları arasındadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, depresyon yaşayan 50 yaş üstü kadınlarda Pilates egzersizlerinin depresyon, anksiyete ve genel refah düzeyi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktadı. Yöntem: Bir psikiyatr tarafından depresyon tanısı konmuş 60 kadının katılımıyla randomize kontrollü bir çalışma (RKT) yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılar, sekiz hafta boyunca haftada üç kez 60 dakikalık Pilates seanslarına katılan bir deney grubu (n=30) veya normal rutinlerini sürdüren bir kontrol grubu (n=30) olarak rastgele atandı. Depresyon, anksiyete ve yaşam kalitesi sırasıyla Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDE), Beck Anksiyete Ölçeği (BAÖ) ve Kısa Form-36 (SF-36) Sağlık Anketi kullanılarak değerlendirildi. Veri analizi için ANOVA analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Sonuçlar, Pilates eğitiminin depresyonu önemli ölçüde azalttığını (p=0,001) ve yaşam kalitesinin hem fiziksel hem de zihinsel boyutlarını iyileştirdiğini (p=0,002) göstermiştir. Ancak, anksiyete düzeyleri üzerinde anlamlı bir etki gözlemlenmedi (p=0,051). Sonuç: Anksiyete ile yaşam kalitesi arasında anlamlı bir ters ilişki ve ayrıca depresyon ile anksiyete arasında doğrudan bir ilişki bulundu. Bu bulgular, Pilates egzersizlerinin, depresyonu azaltmak ve yaşam kalitesini artırmak için etkili bir müdahale yöntemi olabileceğini düşündürmektedir.

Keywords

• Anksiyete
• Depresyon
• Yaşam kalitesi
• Pilates
• Randomize kontrollü çalışma.

Enhancing quality of life: the role of pilates in alleviating depression and anxiety among women: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Purpose: Depression and anxiety are among the most prevalent mental health disorders, significantly impairing individuals' quality of life. This study investigates the effects of Pilates exercises on depression, anxiety, and overall well-being in women over 50 years of age experiencing depression. Methods: A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted, involving 60 women diagnosed with depression by a psychiatrist. Participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=30), which engaged in 60-minute Pilates sessions three times weekly for eight weeks, or a control group (n=30), which maintained their usual routines. Depression, anxiety, and quality of life were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Questionnaire (BAQ), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), respectively. ANOVA analysis was employed for data analysis. Results: Results indicated that Pilates training significantly reduced depression (p=0.001) and improved both physical and mental aspects of quality of life (p=0.002). However, no significant effect was observed on anxiety levels (p=0.051). Conclusion: A significant inverse relationship was found between anxiety and quality of life, as well as a direct correlation between depression and anxiety. These findings suggest that Pilates exercises may serve as an effective intervention for reducing depression and enhancing the quality of life in women suffering from depression.

Keywords

• Anxiety
• Depression
• Quality of Life
• Pilates
• Randomized controlled trial.

Supporting Institution

This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.

Ethical Statement

This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Qom's Human Ethics Committee approved this study in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, good clinical practices, and relevant laws and regulations. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to inclusion in the study.

Thanks

We would like to thank any individuals or organizations that contributed for their support and assistance in conducting this research.

References

1. 1. Cui L, Li S, Wang S, et al. Major depressive disorder: hypothesis, mechanism, prevention and treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2024;9:30-38.
2. 2. Kunugi H. Depression and lifestyle: Focusing on nutrition, exercise, and their possible relevance to molecular mechanisms. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2023;77:420-433.
3. 3. Shek DTL, Chai W, Tan L. The relationship between anxiety and depression under the pandemic: The role of life meaning. Front Psychol. 2022;13:330-339.
4. 4. Salari N, Hosseinian-Far A, Jalali R, et al. Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Global Health. 2020;16:57-66.
5. 5. Wilzer E, Zeisel A, Roessner V, Ring M. Association between anxiety, depression and quality of life in male and female German students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Psychiatry. 2024;24:212-220.
6. 6. Sarris J, Thomson R, Hargraves F, et al. Multiple lifestyle factors and depressed mood: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the UK Biobank (N = 84,860). BMC Med. 2020;18:354-363.
7. 7. Bartova L, Lanzenberger R, Rujescu D, Kasper S. Reply to: "The serotonin theory of depression: a systematic umbrella review of the evidence" published by Moncrieff J, Cooper RE, Stockmann T, et al. in Molecular Psychiatry. Mol Psychiatry. 2022;28:3153-3154.
8. 8. Fries GR, Saldana VA, Finnstein J, Rein T. Molecular pathways of major depressive disorder converge on the synapse. Mol Psychiatry. 2023;28:284-297.

9. 9. Parveen A, Kalra S, Jain S. Effects of Pilates on health and well-being of women: a systematic review. Bull Fac Phys Ther. 2023;28:17-25.
10. 10. Lewitt MS, McPherson L, Stevenson M. Development of a Pilates teaching framework from an international survey of teacher practice. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019;23:943-949.
11. 11. Latey P. The Pilates method: history and philosophy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2001;5:275-282.
12. 12. Phuphanich ME, Droessler J, Altman L, Eapen BC. Movement-based therapies in rehabilitation. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2020;31:577-591.
13. 13. Legnani F, Tassi L, Surace T, et al. Is Pilates effective in improving depressive disorders? A comprehensive overview. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2025;40:53-61.
14. 14. Ceresa A, Esposito CM, Surace T, et al. Gender differences in clinical and biochemical parameters of patients consecutively hospitalized for unipolar depression. Psychiatry Res. 2022;310:114-126.
15. 15. Buoli M, Legnani F, Nosari G, et al. Which clinical factors and biochemical parameters are associated with late-life major depression? Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract. 2023;27:359-366.
16. 16. Arnaud AM, Brister TS, Duckworth K, et al. Impact of Major Depressive Disorder on Comorbidities: A Systematic Literature Review. J Clin Psychiatry. 2022;83:143-158.
17. 17. Ozdemir K, Sahin S, Guler DS, Unsal A, Akdemir N. Depression, anxiety, and fear of death in postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2020;27:1030-1036.
18. 18. Bulguroglu HI, Bulguroglu M. The effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates in healthy individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2023;15:12-22.
19. 19. Senturk Y, Kirmizigil B, Tuzun EH. Effects of clinical Pilates exercises on cardiovascular endurance and psychosomatic parameters on primary caregivers of special needs children: A randomized controlled trial. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2021;34:853-864.
20. 20. Gong Y, Gong N, Zhang Z, He Y, Tang H. Effect of narrative therapy-based group psychological counseling on internet addiction among adolescents. Iran J Public Health. 2022;51:1331-1338.
21. 21. Aibar-Almazán A, Hita-Contreras F, Cruz-Díaz D, et al. Effects of Pilates training on sleep quality, anxiety, depression, and fatigue in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Maturitas. 2019;124:62-67.
22. 22. Soori S, Heirani A, Rafie F. Effects of the aerobic and Pilates exercises on mental health in inactive older women. J Women Aging. 2022;34:429-437.
23. 23. Byrnes K, Wu PJ, Whillier S. Is Pilates an effective rehabilitation tool? A systematic review. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018;22:192-202.
24. 24. Kim HB, Hyun AH. Psychological and biochemical effects of an online pilates intervention in pregnant women during COVID-19: a randomized pilot study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:109-121.
25. 25. Fleming KM, Campbell M, Herring MP. Acute effects of Pilates on mood states among young adult males. Complement Ther Med. 2020;49:102-113.
26. 26. Alizadeh R, Zolfaghari Z, Nosratzehi S, Pishkar Mofrad Z. Effect of Pilates on Anxiety, Depression, and Anthropometric Indices of Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Med Surg Nurs J. 2023;12:143-159.
27. 27. Fydrich T, Dowdall D, Chambless DL. Reliability and validity of the Beck Anxiety Inventory. J Anxiety Disord. 1992;6:55-61.
28. 28. Hossein Kaviani H, Mousavi AS. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Tehran Univ Med J. 2008;66:136-140.
29. 29. Hamidi R, Fekrizadeh Z, Azadbakht M, et al. Validity and reliability Beck Depression Inventory-II among the Iranian elderly Population. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2015;22:189-198.
30. 30. Montazeri A, Goshtasebi A, Vahdaninia MS. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-36): translation and validation study of the Iranian version. Payesh. 2006;5:15-24.
31. 31. Kataoka J, Olsson M, Lindgren E, et al. Effects of weight loss intervention on anxiety, depression and quality of life in women with severe obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Sci Rep. 2024;14:13-25.
32. 32. Cox RC, Olatunji BO. Sleep in the anxiety-related disorders: A meta-analysis of subjective and objective research. Sleep Med Rev. 2020;51:101-128.
33. 33. Zhao JL, Jiang WT, Wang X, et al. Exercise, brain plasticity, and depression. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2020;26:885-895.
34. 34. Jespersen A, Madden R, Whalley HC, et al. Socioeconomic Status and Depression – A Systematic Review. medRxiv. 2023;12:232-241.
35. 35. Salehi Rad E, Mousavi Sadati SK. The effect of 8 weeks of Pilates exercises on old menopausal women's psychological health. J Res Sport Rehabil. 2023;20:41-49.
36. 36. Ho M, Ho JWC, Fong DYT, et al. Effects of dietary and physical activity interventions on generic and cancer-specific health-related quality of life, anxiety, and depression in colorectal cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv. 2020;14:424-
37. 37. Koo K, Kim K. Effects of Different Types of Physical Activity on Health-Related Quality of Life in Korean Women with Depressive Disorder. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:4639.
38. 38. Firth J, Marx W, Dash S, et al. The Effects of Dietary Improvement on Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Psychosom Med. 2019;81:265-280.
39. 39. Meikis L, Wicker P, Donath L. Effects of Pilates Training on Physiological and Psychological Health Parameters in Healthy Older Adults and in Older Adults with Clinical Conditions Over 55 Years: A Meta-Analytical Review. Front Neurol. 2021;12:724218.