Postural stability, gait, and plantar pressure alterations in schizophrenia patients

Abstract

Purpose: Functional and biomechanical alterations have not been clarified yet although motor retardation, coordination and balance impairment are prevalent in schizophrenia patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences of postural stability, temporal-spatial gait parameters, dynamic plantar load distribution and functional performance, between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

Methods: Twenty-four schizophrenia patients and twenty-three healthy controls participated in this study. Functional performance was assessed by measuring 6-min walking distance. Functional performance was assessed by measuring 6-min walk distance. Biodex Balance System was used to postural stability and dynamic pedobarographic analysis was conducted using a pressure platform.

Results: Six minute walking distance was significantly lower in schizophrenia group than control group (p<0.001). Overall, anteroposterior and mediolateral stability score in static, dynamic and single leg on right and left foot conditions were higher in schizophrenia group (p<0.001). Time spent in quadrant IV (right anterior quadrant) in static condition and time spent in quadrant I (right posterior quadrant) in dynamic condition were less in schizophrenia group (p<0.05). Maximum plantar pressure in forefoot of both feet and in heel of non-dominant foot were less in schizophrenia group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Our results revealed that functional performance was reduced, postural stability was impaired, and dynamic plantar pressure was altered in schizophrenia patients however temporal-spatial gait parameters were similar with healthy adults. These results may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of motor deteriorations, coordination and balance problems in schizophrenia patients.

Keywords

• Gait
• Functional Performance
• Postural stability
• Schizophrenia

Şizofreni hastalarında postural stabilite, yürüyüş ve plantar basınç değişiklikleri

Abstract

Amaç: Şizofreni hastalarında motor gerilik, koordinasyon ve denge bozukluğu yaygın olmasına rağmen, fonksiyonel ve biyomekanik değişiklikler henüz açıklığa kavuşturulmamıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, şizofreni hastaları ile sağlıklı kontroller arasındaki postural stabilite, yürüyüşün zaman-mesafe parametreleri ve dinamik plantar yük dağılımı ve fonksiyonel performans farklılıklarını araştırmaktı.

Yöntem: Çalışmaya 24 şizofreni hastası ve 23 sağlıklı kontrol katıldı. Fonksiyonel performans 6 dakika yürüme mesafesi ölçülerek değerlendirildi. Postural stabiliteyi değerlendirmek için Biodex Denge Sistemi kullanıldı ve dinamik pedobarografik analiz basınç platformu kullanılarak yapıldı.

Bulgular: Şizofreni grubunda 6 dakika yürüme mesafesi kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (p<0.001). Statik, dinamik, sağ ve sol tek ayak üzerindeki durumlarda genel, anteroposterior ve mediolateral stabilite skoru şizofreni grubunda daha yüksekti (p<0.001). Statik durumda IV. oktantta (sağ ön oktant) harcanan süre ve dinamik durumda I. oktantta (sağ arka oktant) harcanan süre şizofreni grubunda daha azdı (p<0.05). Her iki ön ayak ve dominant topuktaki maksimum plantar basınç şizofreni grubunda daha düşüktü (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Bulgularımız, şizofreni hastalarında, fonksiyonel performansın azaldığını, postural stabilitenin bozulduğunu ve dinamik plantar basınçlarda değişimler olduğunu, ancak yürüyüşün zaman-mesafe parametrelerinin sağlıklı yetişkinlerle benzer olduğunu ortaya koydu. Bu sonuçlar, şizofreni hastalarındaki motor bozuklukların, koordinasyon ve denge problemlerinin altında yatan mekanizmaların anlaşılmasına yardımcı olabilir.

Keywords

• Yürüyüş
• Fonksiyonel Performans
• Postural Stabilite
• Şizofreni

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