Effect of Pilates and traditional stabilization exercises on physical performance and mental toughness in adolescent female basketball players

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of traditional stabilization exercise and Pilates exercise principle, another strengthening principle, on adolescent girls basketball players.
Methods: In this study, women basketball players between the ages of 12-16, Çağdaş Batı İhtisas Spor Kulüp were included. By recording socio-demographic information, athletes were divided into two groups by randomization: Pilates group (n = 8), traditional stabilization group
(n=8). The first group was trained by paying attention to ten basic principles of Pilates. Traditional stability exercises were given to the second group. Exercise program was applied to athletes in both groups for 60 minutes, 3 days a week for 6 weeks. Closed kinetic chain stabilization test was performed for neuromuscular control in athletes. Respiratory muscle strengths were evaluated. Eighteen meters of sprint test was applied for aerobic capacity. Sport Mental Toughness Questionnaire was used in sports for their psychological effects.
Results: In the Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, a significant increase was found in both groups (p <0.05). When the intra-group differences of respiratory muscle strength measurement parameters were analyzed, there was a statistically significant difference in both groups (p<0.05), while no significant change was found in the volume parameter for the Traditional Stabilization Exercise Group (p=0.16). Considering the aerobic capacity differences, an increase in aerobic capacity was detected in both groups (p<0.05). When the intra-group differences of mental endurance inventory measurement parameters in sports were analyzed, a significant increase was found (p<0.05). Considering the average differences of all parameters evaluated within the group, it was observed that there was no difference between the groups in terms of the change of parameters (p> 0.05).
Conclusion: As a result of this study, the positive effects of Pilates and traditional stabilization exercise training on all parameters evaluated were observed. The inclusion of any of the two trainings applied to athletes in the training program can positively affect the physical performance and mental toughness of the athlete.

Keywords

• Pilates
• Stabilization
• Exercise
• Basketball

Adölesan kız basketbolcularda pilates ve geleneksel stabilizasyon egzersizlerinin etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, geleneksel stabilizasyon egzersizini ve diğer bir güçlendirme ilkesi olan Pilates egzersiz prensibinin adölesan kız basketbolcular üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak idi.
Yöntem: Bu çalışmaya, 12-16 yaş aralığında, Çağdaş Batı İhtisas Spor Kulübü kadın basketbol sporcuları dâhil edildi. Sosyodemografik bilgileri kaydedilerek, sporcular randomizasyonla iki gruba ayrıldı: Pilates grubu (n=8), geleneksel stabilizasyon grubu (n=8). İlk gruba Pilatesİin on temel ilkesine dikkat edilerek eğitim verildi. İkinci gruba geleneksel stabilite egzersizleri verildi. Her iki gruptaki sporculara egzersiz programı 6 hafta boyunca, haftada 3 gün 60 dakika uygulandı. Sporculardaki nöromusküler kontrol için kapalı kinetik üst zincir stabilizasyon testi uygulandı. Solunum kas güçleri değerlendirildi. Aerobik kapasite için 18m sprint test uygulandı. Psikolojik etkilenimleri için sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Kapalı kinetik zincir üst ekstremite stabilite testinde grup içine bakıldığında her iki grupta da anlamlı artış bulundu (p<0,05). Solunum kas gücü ölçüm parametrelerinin grup içi farklılıklarına bakıldığında her iki grupta da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunurken (p<0,05), geleneksel stabilizasyon egzersiz grubu için hacim parametresinde anlamlı bir değişiklik saptanmadı (p=0,16). Aerobik kapasite farklılıklarına bakıldığında her iki grupta da aerobik kapasitede artış tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri ölçüm parametrelerinin grup içi farklılıklarına bakıldığında, anlamlı bir artış bulundu (p<0,05). Değerlendirilen tüm parametrelerin grup içinde ortalama farkları göz önünde bulundurulduğunda gruplar arasında parametrelerin değişimi açısından da fark olmadığı gözlemlendi (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Bu çalışma sonucunda, pilates ve geleneksel stabilizasyon egzersiz eğitimlerinin, değerlendirilen tüm parametrelerde olumlu etkileri gözlemlenmiştir. Sporculara uygulanan iki eğitimden herhangi birinin, antrenman programına dahil edilmesi, sporcunun fiziksel performansını ve zihinsel dayanıklılığını olumlu etkileyebilir.

Keywords

• Pilates
• stabilizasyon
• egzersiz
• basketbol

References

1. 1. Thomas JL, Côté J, Deakin J. Youth sport programs: an avenue to foster positive youth development. Phys Educ Sport Peda. 2005;10:19-40.
2. 2. Castagna C, Abt G, Manzi V, et al. Effect of recovery mode on repeated sprint ability in young basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2008;22:923-929.
3. 3. Abdelkrim NB, Castagna C, Jabri I, et al. Activity profile and physiological requirements of junior elite basketball players in relation to aerobic-anaerobic fitness. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24:2330-2342.
4. 4. Aytar A, Zeybek A, Pekyavas NO, et al. Scapular resting position, shoulder pain and function in disabled athletes. Prosthet Orthot Int. 2015;39:390-396.
5. 5. Ziv G, Lidor R. Physical attributes, physiological characteristics,on-court performances and nutritional strategies of female and male basketball players. Sports Med. 2009;39:547-568.
6. 6. Bompa T. Total Training for Young Champions. USA: Human Kinetics; 1999.
7. 7. Akuthota V, Ferreiro A, Moore T, et al. Core stability exercise principles. Curr Sport Med Rep. 2008;7:39-44.
8. 8. Gringmuth RH, Jackson C. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental stabilization in low back pain: scientific basis and clinical approach. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2000;44:125.

9. 9. Kibler W, Press J, Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med. 2006;36:189-198.
10. 10. Hoffman J, Gabel CP. The origins of western mind–body exercise methods. Phys Ther. 2015;5:315-324.
11. 11. Latey P. The pilates method: history and philosophy. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2001;5:275-282.
12. 12. Connaughton D, Hanton S, Jones G. The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychol. 2010;24:168-193.
13. 13. Gucciardi DF. Measuring mental toughness in sport: A psychometric examination of the psychological performance inventory-A and its predecessor. Journal Pers Assess. 2012;94:393-403.
14. 14. Sheard M. Mental Toughness: The Mindset Behind Sporting Achievement. Second Edition, Hove, East Sussex: Routledge; 2013.
15. 15. Tucci HT, Martins J, Guilherme SC. Closed kinetic chain upper extremity stability test (CKCUES test): a reliability study in persons with and without shoulder impingement syndrome. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014;15:1.
16. 16. Ulubay G. Respıratory mass physıology and muscle power measurement. Toraks Cerrahisi Bülteni. 2017;10:37-46.
17. 17. Altıntaş A, Bayar Koruç P. Sporda zihinsel dayanıklılık envanteri’nin psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi. J Sport Sci. 2016;27:162-171.
18. 18. Noyes FA, Westin SB Smith ST, et al. A training program to improve neuromuscular and performance indices in female high school basketball players. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;27:709-719.
19. 19. Griffin L, Agel J, Albohm MJ, et al. Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies. The Journal of American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2000;8:141-50.
20. 20. Voight ML, Cook G. Impaired neuromuscular control: reactive neuromuscular training. ın: prentice. Techniques in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation. McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Division. 2001;8:213-240.
21. 21. HajGhanbari B, Yamabayashi C, Buna TR,et al. Effects of respiratory muscle training on performance in athletes: a systematic review with meta-analyses. J Strength Cond Res. 2013;27:1643-1663.
22. 22. Wells C, Kolt G, Bialocerkowski A. Defining pilates exercise: a systematic review. 2012;20:253-262.
23. 23. Alvarenga GM, Charkovski SA, Santos LK, et al. The influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the pilates method on lung function in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. Clinics. 2018;73:356.
24. 24. Franco CB, Ribeiro AF, Morcillo AM, et al. Effects of pilates mat exercises on muscle strength and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis. Journal Brasilerio Pneumologia. 2014;40:521-527.
25. 25. Sarmento L, Pinto J, Silva A,et al. Effect of conventional physical therapy and pilates in functionality,respiratory muscle strength and ability to exercise in hospitalized chronic renal patients: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical. 2016;31:508-520.
26. 26. Niehues JR, Gonzáles AI, Lemos R, et al. Pilates method for lung function and functional capacity in obese adults. Altern Ther in Health M. 2015;21:73-80.
27. 27. Shavıkloo J, Norasteh A. The effect of aerobic and core stability training combination on respiratory volume and balance of children with congenital deafness. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport. 2018;6:298-309.
28. 28. Doruk M, Mustafaoğlu R. Tekerlekli sandalye basketbol oyuncularında core kas dayanıklılığı ile aerobik kapasite, hız, çeviklik ve spora özgü beceriler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;30:96-106.
29. 29. Rahmat A, Naser H, Belal M. The effect of core stabilization exercises on the physical fitness in children 9-12 years. Medicina Sportiva. 2014;3:2401-2405.
30. 30. Luthans F. Positive organizational behavior: developing and managing psychological strengths. Acad Manage Exec. 2002;16:57-72.
31. 31. Erdoğan N. Zihinsel dayanıklılık ölçeği (ZDÖ): Türkçe'ye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Science Culture and Sport. 2016;4:652-664.
32. 32. Güvendi B, Türksoy A, Güçlü M. Profesyonel güreşçilerin cesaret düzeyleri ve zihinsel dayanıklılıklarının. International Journal of Sports Exercise and Traning Sciences. 2018;5:70-78.
33. 33. Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Gordon S, et al. The concept of mental toughness: tests of dimensionality, nomological network, and traitness. J Pers. 2015;83:26-44