Elit futbolcularda alt ekstremite yaralanması sonrası hareket korkusu ve egzersiz öz yeterliliği

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, elit erkek futbolcularda alt ekstremite yaralanması sonrası, fiziksel aktiflikte yetersizlik düzeyindeki, hareket korkusu davranışındaki ve egzersiz öz yeterliliğindeki değişimi incelemek; bu faktörlerin yaralanma dönemine göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini belirlemek idi.

Yöntem: Kliniğimize başvuran, elit erkek futbolcular örneklem grubunu oluşturdu. Sağlıklı ve alt ekstremite yaralanması geçiren erkek futbolculara Fiziksel Aktiflikte Yetersizlik Ölçeği Kısa Form-10, Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği ve Egzersiz Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği uygulandı.

Bulgular: Çalışmaya 56 erkek futbolcu (yaş: 19,5±0,3 yıl; vücut kütle indeksi: 21,5±0,2 kg/m2) dahil edildi. Futbolcuların düzenli antrenman süresi 5±0,1 gün/hafta ve 89,8±2,3 dakika/seans olarak hesaplandı. Herhangi bir kas-iskelet sistemi yaralanması olmayan 19 futbolcu (Grupsağlam) var iken yaralanma geçiren 37 futbolcu (Grup akut=12; Grup subakut=10; Gruppersistan=15) vardı. Yaralanma geçiren gruplardaki futbolcuların Fiziksel Aktiflikte Yetersizlik Ölçeği sonuçlarının daha yüksek olduğu ve Grupsağlam ile fark oluşturduğu saptandı (p˂0,05). Fakat, Tampa Kinezyofobi Ölçeği ve Egzersiz Öz Yeterlilik Ölçeği sonuçlarında gruplar arasında fark belirlenmedi (p˃0,05). Yaralanma geçirmiş olan futbolcularda, bu faktörlerin yaralanma dönemine göre göre farklılık göstermediği bulundu (p˃0,05).

Sonuç: Elit erkek futbolcularda cerrahi gerektirmeyen alt ekstremite yaralanması sonrası, fiziksel aktiflikte yetersizliği gözlenmiş ancak hareket korkusu davranışında ve egzersiz öz yeterliliğinde değişim olmamıştır.

Keywords

• futbol
• alt ekstremite yaralanması
• yetersizlik
• hareket
• korku
• öz yeterlilik

Fear of movement and exercise self-efficacy after lower extremity injury in elite football players

Abstract

Purpose: Aim of this study is to examine change in disablement in physical activity, fear of movement behavior and exercise self-efficacy after lower limbs extremity injury in elite male footballers; to determine whether these factors differ according to injury period (acute, subacute, persistent).

Methods: Elite male footballers, who applied to our clinic formed the sample group. Male football players who were found to be healthy and had lower extremity injuries were applied The Disablement in the Physically Active Scale, Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale.

Results: Fifty-six male footballers (age: 19.5±0.3 years; body mass index: 21.5±0.2 kg/m2) were included in the study. Regular training time is calculated as 5±0.1 days/week and 89.8±2.3 minutes/session. There are 19 players (Grouphealthy) healthy. There are 37 players (Groupacute=12; Groupsubacute=10; Grouppersistent=15) suffered injury. It was found that the results of The Disablement in the Physically Active Scale of the footballers in the injured groups was higher and made a difference with the Grouphealthy (p˂0.05). However, there was no difference between the groups in the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale and Exercise SelfEfficacy Scale (p˃0.05). It was found that these factors are not different at the injury period after injury in football players suffering from disability (p˃0.05).

Conclusion: After the lower extremity injury that did not require surgery in elite male footballers, disablement physical activity was observed, but there was no change in fear of movement behavior and exercise self-efficacy.

Keywords

• football
• Lower extremity injury
• Disability
• Movement
• Fear
• Self-efficacy

References

1. 1. Cetin C, Ercan S, Calım B. Analysis of sports injuries in a professional football club. Med dello Sport. 2020;73:107-116.
2. 2. Jones S, Almousa S, Gibb A, et al. Injury Incidence, Prevalence and severity in highlevel male youth football: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2019;49:1897-1899.
3. 3. Luque-Suarez A, Martinez-Calderon J, Falla D. Role of kinesiophobia on pain, disability and quality of life in people suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:554-559.
4. 4. Smith BE, Hendrick P, Bateman M, et al. Musculoskeletal pain and exercise Challenging existing paradigms and introducing new. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53:907-912.
5. 5. Denison E, Åsenlöf P, Sandborgh M, et al. Musculoskeletal pain in primary health care: subgroups based on pain ıntensity, disability, self-efficacy, and fear-avoidance variables. J Pain. 2007;8:67-74.
6. 6. Shin YH, Hur HK, Pender NJ, et al. Exercise self-efficacy, exercise benefits and barriers, and commitment to a plan for exercise among Korean women with osteoporosis and osteoarthritis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2006;43:3-10.
7. 7. Kroll T, Kehn M, Ho P-S, et al. The SCI Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale (ESES): development and psychometric properties. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007;4:1-6.
8. 8. Kettunen E, Kari T, Makkonen M, et al. Digital coaching among university students with low levels of physical activity: a quantitative ıntervention study on exercise self-efficacy. In 2019. doi: 10.18690/978-961-286-280-0.45.

9. 9. Hsu CJ, Meierbachtol A, George SZ, et al. Fear of reinjury in athletes: ımplications for rehabilitation. Sports Health. 2017;9:162-167.
10. 10. Bränström H, Fahlström M. Kinesiophobia in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain: Differences between men and women. J Rehabil Med. 2008;40:375-380.
11. 11. Perrot S, Trouvin AP, Rondeau V, et al. Kinesiophobia and physical therapy-related pain in musculoskeletal pain: A national multicenter cohort study on patients and their general physicians. Jt Bone Spine. 2018;85:101-107.
12. 12. Damsgard E, Thrane G, Anke A, et al. Activity-related pain in patients with chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32:1428-1437.
13. 13. Denison E, Åsenlöf P, Lindberg P. Self-efficacy, fear avoidance, and pain intensity as predictors of disability in subacute and chronic musculoskeletal pain patients in primary health care. Pain. 2004;111:245-252.
14. 14. Artus M, Campbell P, Mallen CD, et al. Generic prognostic factors for musculoskeletal pain in primary care: A systematic review. BMJ Open. 2017;7:e012901.
15. 15. Wong EML, Chan SWC, Chair SY. Effectiveness of an educational intervention on levels of pain, anxiety and self-efficacy for patients with musculoskeletal trauma. J Adv Nurs. 2010;1120-1131.
16. 16. Söderlund A, Åsenlöf P. The mediating role of self-efficacy expectations and fear of movement and (re)injury beliefs in two samples of acute pain. Disabil Rehabil. 2010;32:2118-2126.
17. 17. Tegner Y, Lysholm J. Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1985:43-49.
18. 18. Baker R, Burton D, Pickering M, et al. Confirmatory factor analysis of the disablement in the physically active scale and preliminary testing of short-form versions: a calibration and validation study. J Athl Train. 2019;54:302-318.
19. 19. Tunca Yilmaz Ö, Yakut Y, Uygur F,et al. Turkish version of the tampa scale for kinesiophobia and its test-retest reliability [Tampa kinezyofobi ölçeǧi’nin Türkçe versiyonu ve testtekrar test güvenirliǧi]. Fiz Rehabil. 2011;22:44-49.
20. 20. Bozkurt N. Meme kanseri hastalarında egzersiz öz yeterlilik ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik ve güvenirliğinin incelenmesi. Ege Üniversitesi; 2009.
21. 21. Flanigan D, Everhart J, Pedroza A, et al. Fear of reinjury (kinesiophobia) and persistent knee symptoms are common factors for lack of return to sport after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthrosc J Arthrosc Relat Surg. 2013;29:1322-1329.
22. 22. Norte G, Solaas H, Saliba S, et al. The relationships between kinesiophobia and clinical outcomes after ACL reconstruction differ by self-reported physical activity engagement. Phys Ther Sport. 2019;40:1-9.
23. 23. Çevik Saldıran T, Atıcı E, Öztürk Ö, et al. Lower limb ınjury history in elite athletes: relationship with kinesiophobia and effect on physical performance. Turkiye Klin J Sport Sci. 2020;12:1-8.
24. 24. Leeuw M, Goossens MEJB, Linton SJ, et al. The fear-avoidance model of musculoskeletal pain: Current state of scientific evidence. J Behav Med. 2007;30:77-94.
25. 25. Hasenbring M, Verbunt J. Fear-avoidance and endurance-related responses to pain: new models of behavior and their consequences for clinical practice. Clin J Pain. 2010;26:747-753.
26. 26. te Velde SJ, Lankhorst K, Zwinkels M, et al. Associations of sport participation with self-perception, exercise self-efficacy and quality of life among children and adolescents with a physical disability or chronic disease—a cross-sectional study. Sport Med - Open. 2018;4:1-11.
27. 27. Kooijmans H, Post M, Motazedi E, et al. Exercise self-efficacy is weakly related to engagement in physical activity in persons with long-standing spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil. 2019;66:1120-1131.